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Biomedical subjects

T Okai

Publications and source records attributed to T Okai.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Formulas for fetal weight estimation by ultrasound measurements based on neonatal specific gravities and volumes.

To improve the accuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound measurement, especially in low birth weight infants, including those with intrauterine growth retardation, two new formulas were developed from a new point of view. The formulas were established by (1) actual measurements of the volumes of the neonatal head and trunk with limbs, (2) analysis of the relationship between the sizes of the parts of the fetal body measured by ultrasound examination before birth and the volumes of the parts of the neonatal body, and (3) calculation of the specific gravities of the parts of the neonatal body. The prospective study showed a high correlation between estimated weights and actual birth weights with a small range of error in infants weighing between 450 and 4800 gm.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Development of extrauterine fetal incubation system using extracorporeal membrane oxygenator.

Despite the recent progress in perinatal medicine, it is still difficult to manage the extremely immature newborn. A new extrauterine incubation system has been developed using 14 goat fetuses. The goat fetus is surrounded by artificial amniotic fluid and is connected to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator. The blood is drained from the umbilical arteries and returned to the umbilical vein. The perfused blood is recirculated and ventilated with a mixture of O2, N2, and CO2 gases to obtain a PO2 of 30-35 mm Hg and a PCO2 of 30-35 mm Hg in the umbilical venous blood. Fetal heart rate, blood pressure, electroencephalogram, and several movement parameters are continuously recorded by the polygraph. With this system, the fetuses can be kept under fairly stable physiological conditions for periods up to 165 h. This improved system might therefore become a useful method to manage the ill fetuses and newborns.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of CA 15-3 radioimmunoassay].

The CA 15-3 RIA kit (Centocor Co.) based on a solid-phase radioimmunoassay was evaluated both experimentally and clinically. The results of a basic study of the reproducibility, recovery and dilution were very satisfactory. Serum levels of CA 15-3 were determined in 211 patients with malignancies including 13 breast cancers, 81 patients with benign diseases and 13 controls. Elevated levels of this antigen (greater than 25 U/ml) were observed in 16.7% of esophageal cancers, 9.7% of gastric cancers, 7.9% of colon cancers, 10% of hepatocellular cancers, 10% of biliary tract cancers, 10% of pancreatic cancers, 33% of lung cancers, and 75% of recurrent breast cancers. Thus, in malignant diseases the positivity was low except for recurrent breast cancer. On the other hand, the false-positive rate in benign diseases was only 3.7% and the false-positive cases had a level of 40 U/ml or less. These results indicate that the serum levels of CA 15-3 may have diagnostic value in patients with recurrent breast cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of serum DU-PAN-2 by enzyme immunoassay in patients with various digestive cancers].

In order to evaluate the usefulness of serum DU-PAN-2, we determined this antigen in 384 patients with various malignancies and in 215 patients with benign diseases using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay system (Kyowa Medex Co.). Elevated DU-PAN-2 levels (greater than 400 U/ml) were observed in 55% of hepatocellular cancers, 50% of pancreatic cancers, and 43% of biliary tract cancers. On the other hand, most false-positive cases with benign diseases were observed in patients with liver injury, especially in the acute phase of acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. However, in only a few cases with other benign diseases including pancreatitis, increased levels were found. Moreover, among the pancreatic cancer or biliary tract cancer patients studied, DU-PAN-2 was positive in 7 of the 19 CA 19-9-negative (less than 37 U/ml) patients and 32 of the 68 CEA-negative (less than 5 ng/ml) patients. These results indicate that the assay of DU-PAN-2 by EIA may have diagnostic usefulness in digestive cancer, especially pancreatic cancer or biliary tract cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

[CA 19-9 enzyme immunoassay].

The carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) EIA kit (FUJIREVIO INC) was examined both experimentally and clinically. In the basic study, the standard curve showed linearity from to 240 U/ml, and the intra-and interassay reproducibility was good. Serum levels of CA 19-9 were determined by EIA in 246 cancer patients and 180 patients with benign diseases, and CA 19-9 levels by EIA were compared with those by RIA in concurrent measurement. There was an excellent correlation between the two. The positive of CA 19-9 EIA was almost the same as that of CA 19-9 RIA in cancer patients. False-positive cases by CA 19-9 EIA were somewhat more numerous than those by CA 19-9 RIA in patients with benign diseases, especially liver diseases. However, CA 19-9 assay by EIA is simple and has an excellent reproducibility and accuracy, as does that by RIA. Thus, the CA 19-9 EIA is a very useful assay.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on fetal growth and functional development].

The characteristic process of fetal growth and the developments of cardiovascular function as well as fetal behaviors were studied. The size of fetal head, trunk, limbs, lung, liver and kidney were measured using ultrasonography and the process of fetal growth was analyzed with a computer. Fetal cardiovascular functions were assessed by M-mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Fetal behaviors such as rapid and slow eye movements, breathing movements and movements of head, trunk and limbs were simultaneously observed using three ultrasonic real-time scanners and the occurrence, the correlation and the cyclicity of each movement were analyzed with the specially programmed signal processor. The results were as follows: Fetal growth--The growth rate of fetuses (weight gain/day X fetal weight) was maximum at 25-30 weeks of gestation(W). Skeleton grew linearly until 30W, then decelerated the growing speed. The growth of organs such as lung, liver and kidney, which showed the same pattern as that of trunk, was accelerated after 26-27W. The thickening of skeletal muscle and the deposit of fat remarkably increased after 32W. The specific gravity of a fetus which was calculated according to the formulae for estimation of fetal weight and fetal volume showed maximum value at 32-34W. These results suggest that the growth of skeleton is accelerated first, organs next and muscle and fat deposit finally in a fetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of the measurement of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels using monoclonal antibody].

We measured serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in 164 cancer patients, 153 patients with benign diseases and 45 healthy controls using monoclonal antibody and compared CEA levels by monoclonal antibody (m-CEA) with those by polyclonal antibody (p-CEA). There was a good correlation between m-CEA and p-CEA, especially in cancer patients. The positively of m-CEA was almost the same as that of p-CEA in cancer patients. But, false-positive cases by m-CEA were less common than by p-CEA in non-cancerous patients. Thus, the measurement of m-CEA was not less useful than that of p-CEA.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

[Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of 30 cases].

Thirty cases of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis in 14 hospitals were studied. The incidence of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis was 1 in 4,330 deliveries at all hospitals and 1 in 4,389 deliveries at Tokyo University Hospital. Among these, 13 cases with various kinds of fetal anomalies and 5 cases complicated by twin to twin transfusion syndrome were found. Polyhydramnios (73%), preeclampsia (20%), anemia (34%), and hypoproteinemia (64%) were the commonest prenatal maternal complications, whereas a high incidence of abnormal NST patterns such as loss of variability was found, although urinary E3 levels were within the normal range. High rates of premature labor, Caesarian section and vacuum extraction were found at the deliveries of nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis. Prenatal diagnoses were made in 30% and 85% of the cases before 1977 and between 1978 and 1982, respectively. Ultrasound examination was confirmed to be very useful in detecting the hydropic state in the later period. The perinatal mortality rate from nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis was high (90%); and it was 100% in the cases with anomalies or twin to twin transfusion syndrome. The main cause of neonatal death was respiratory insufficiency due to hypoplasty of the lungs and pleural effusion.

Edema↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of autonomic blockades, beta-adrenergic agent and cholinergic agent on the FHR variability of "Shiba goats"].

The effects of atropine, propranolol, isoproterenol and acetylcholine on the fetal heart rate variability were studied using chronically prepared fetal goats. When atropine, propranolol and atropine-propranolol were injected the STVs decreased by 45.2%, 43.2% and 57.3%, respectively; LTVs also decreased by 72.3%, 52.2% and 73.3%, respectively. STVs and LTVs increased by 39.5% and 34.5% with the injection of isoproterenol, and decreased by 27.6% and 22.7% with acetylcholine. These results suggest that FHR variability represents a change in the heart rate due to reciprocal innervation of adrenergic and cholinergic systems; moreover, the activity of the heart itself exerts some influence on variability. It is also suggested that LTV more strongly reflects autonomic nervous tone whereas STV more strongly reflects heart activity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

[The FHR variability of "Shiba goats" in acute hypoxic state].

Fetal heart rate variability in an experimentally induced acute hypoxic state was investigated using chronically prepared fetal goats. FHR variability was calculated using a microcomputer with the R-R intervals of the direct fetal ECG signal measured with a peak detector. The accuracy of the peak detector was 0.1 msec. The formula for FHR variability was as follows: (Formula: see text) A fetal acute hypoxic state was induced by maternal inhalation of a gas mixture low in O2 concentration. The fetal condition was evaluated by blood gas analysis of the fetal carotid artery. In mild fetal hypoxemia due to the maternal inhalation of a gas mixture including 8-10% of O2, both STV and LTV were increased at 10-20 minutes after the beginning of the experiment. Subsequently, both were decreased at 30-40 minutes, but maintained a level higher than that of the control. When severe fetal hypoxemia was induced by the maternal inhalation of the gas mixture containing 4-6% of O2, both STV and LTV increased at 10-20 minutes after induction, then decreased to a level lower than that of the control at 30-40 minutes. No significant difference in fetal PO2 was observed between the 10-20 min. period and the 30-40 min. period of the severe hypoxemic state. But significant differences in pH and BE values were found when the 10-20 min. period and the 30-40 min. period were compared. When data showing the fetal arterial pH and BE to be significantly lower than those of the control at 30-40 min. of the severe hypoxemic state were excluded, significant negative correlations were found between PO2 and STV and between PO2 and LTV . It appeared that FHR variability, both STV and LTV , would increase during the acute hypoxemic state and that they would decrease to a level lower than that of the control after metabolic acidosis occurred due to continuing hypoxemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Antitumor effect of human fibroblast interferon in hepatocellular carcinoma].

Antitumor effect of human fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) on eleven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated. IFN-beta was administered intravenously to nine patients and intra-hepatic arterially to two patients. The dosages used were 10 X 10(6) units or 50 X 10(6) units of IFN-beta daily or twice a week, respectively for at least one month. Antitumor effect was evaluated by hepatic angiography, computerized tomography, and ultrasonography according to the criteria by Koyama and Saito. Tumor regressions were not observed at one month of the treatment. Nine patients were assessed as no change, and two patients as progressive disease. However, one patient receiving a total of 205 X 10(6) units of IFN-beta continuously achieved a minor response two months after onset of treatment. All patients experienced a rise in temperature higher than 38.8 degrees C, but it became infrequent within several days of treatment in most patients. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were seen in more than half patients, but they returned to the initial counts by decreasing the dosage and/or discontinuation of interferon treatment for only a few days except one patient. It was concluded that IFN-beta was not more active than other available single agents for HCC. Further studies including dose, route, and schedule will be required to define the efficacy of interferon therapy for HCC.

Aged↗