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Biomedical subjects

T Okai

Publications and source records attributed to T Okai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serum sialyl-Tn antigen levels in patients with digestive cancers.

Serum levels of sialyl-Tn antigen (STN) were measured using a one-step radioimmunoassay kit in 257 patients with digestive cancers, 121 patients with benign digestive diseases, and in 64 healthy controls. With 45 U/ml regarded as the cutoff value, the positive rates of serum STN in digestive cancers were as follows: pancreas 40.0%, stomach 28.1, colon and rectum 27.8, biliary tract 25.0, liver 7.1, and esophagus 0%. In benign digestive diseases, the positive rate of STN was low (4.1%). In gastric and colorectal cancers, simultaneous measurements of STN and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) revealed that the positive rates of STN, CEA, and STN and/or CEA were 28, 42, and 55%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between STN and CEA in these cancers. STN may be a useful serum marker for digestive cancers, especially gastric and colorectal cancers.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

Maturational sequence of fetal breathing movements.

The inspiratory times of fetal breathing movements were measured in REM and NREM periods, respectively, and their changes with advancing gestational age were investigated. Ten women without complications in their 20th to 40th week of pregnancy were examined. Fetal breathing movements and REM were observed simultaneously using ultrasonography. REM and NREM periods were selected for analyzing breathing movements separate from the whole examination period. The inspiratory times of fetal breathing movements were measured with the hand-held pressure transducer. The changes in inspiratory time with fetal age showed the same pattern both in REM and NREM periods. There were no significant changes in inspiratory time before 28 weeks gestational age. After that, the inspiratory time lengthened, showing the maximum at 32-35 weeks and then shortened at 36-40 weeks gestational age. There were no differences of the inspiratory time between REM and NREM periods before 32 weeks. After 32 weeks, the inspiratory time in the NREM period was longer than in the REM period. These changes in fetal breathing movements are thought to be caused by the morphological maturation of the fetal lung and the functional development of respiratory and sleep center of the fetal central nervous system.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of fetal behavior in mothers following antiepileptic drug administration].

To investigate the development of sleep rhythm through the analysis of fetal behavior, the alteration of behavior was studied in cases with maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) administration (n = 13) in comparison with normal fetuses (n = 16). The subjects were classified into two groups according to gestational age (32 to 35 weeks and 36 to 40 weeks). The frequency of breathing movement (BM) and the REM and non-REM rhythm modes were affected by AED. The 32 to 35 week group showed an increase in the appearance rate (AP) of REM, a decrease in the duration of REM periods and normal non-REM periods. The 36 to 40 week group showed an increase in AP and prolonged REM periods while both non-REM periods decreased. A decrease in REM density of the REM period and a low BM frequency were distinctive findings in both groups. These results suggest that AED directly affects the fetal central nervous system, which regulates REM and non-REM sleep at a higher level, to alter sleep modes. The differences in the patterns of behavioral modulation of REM and non-REM rhythms in both gestational age groups induced by AED indicates the degree of central nervous system regulation of REM and non-REM rhythms.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1990

Expression of placental alkaline phosphatase in gastric and colorectal cancers. An immunohistochemical study using the prepared monoclonal antibody.

The authors developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). Four specific MoAb reacting only with PLAP and two nonspecific MoAb reacting equally with isozymes of alkaline phosphatase (hepatic, intestinal, and placental) were obtained. Immunohistochemical staining with the specific MoAb showed that the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cancer cells were stained in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. The incidence of PLAP positivity was 23% (25 of 107) of all gastric carcinomas. Among gastric carcinomas, the 42% (13 of 31) positivity of highly differentiated carcinoma (papillary adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma) was a significantly higher rate than that found in poorly differentiated carcinoma (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma, five of 41, 12%). The incidence of PLAP positivity was 11% (four of 35) in colorectal carcinoma. In contrast, gastric adenoma, intestinal metaplasia, and noncancerous tissue adjacent to cancer did not show staining. These results indicated that expression of PLAP was apt to occur in more highly differentiated gastric carcinoma and was highly specific for carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract, although its incidence was not high.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Transvaginal sonographic assessment of the endometrium in spontaneous and induced cycles.

Transvaginal sonography was used and endometrial response patterns of 3 groups of patients (Spontaneous cycles, hMG cycles, and Clomiphene Citrate cycles) were observed based on endometrial characteristics of thickness and texture. All groups demonstrated cyclical changes evident by transvaginal sonography. Clomiphene Citrate cycles showed retardation of endometrial growth during the proliferative phase and delayed endometrial development based on textural patterns. There exists a positive correlation between estrogen levels and endometrial thickness in induced cycles, which is not observed in spontaneous cycles. There were no correlations between hormonal levels of progesterone, FSH and LH, in relation to endometrial characteristics of thickness and texture.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum levels of tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in digestive cancers.

Serum levels of tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) were measured using a two-step sandwich radioimmunoassay kit in 281 patients with digestive cancers and 135 patients with benign digestive diseases. The positive rates of TAG-72 with the cut-off values of 2.2 and 4.0 U/ml were high in pancreatobiliary (56%, 38%), gastric (49%, 37%) and colorectal (62%, 29%) cancers, while the false-positive rate in benign diseases was 11%, 0.7% respectively. Very high levels were found in patients with advanced cancer. TAG-72 was positive in 17 (greater than 2.2 U/ml) and 7 (greater than 4.0 U/ml) out of 60 CEA-negative patients, and in 7 (greater than 2.2 U/ml) and 3 (greater than 4.0 U/ml) out of 17 CA19-9-negative patients. TAG-72 might be a useful serum marker for digestive cancers, especially gastric and colorectal cancers.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Development of artificial placenta: oxygen metabolism of isolated goat fetuses with umbilical arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

To assess the oxygen utilization of extrauterine goat fetuses with arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via umbilical vessels, oxygen delivery (OD) and oxygen consumption (OC) were investigated in 19 long-term incubations (incubation periods 58-236 h). The OCs did not change (6.4 +/- 1.3 ml/min/kg, mean +/- SD, n = 227) when the ODs were more than 10 ml/min/kg, but were significantly suppressed when the ODs were less than 10 ml/min/kg. It was suggested that the oxygen metabolism of extrauterine goat fetuses is equivalent to that of fetuses in utero.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[An operated case of multiple well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomatous hyperplasia].

A 66-year-old male with non-A, non-B liver cirrhosis underwent an operation for a partial resection of the S8 area. Intraoperative ultrasound (US) examination of the entire liver revealed 10 space-occupying lesions (SOLs), and a biopsy of 5 out of the 10 SOLs showed 3 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), and an atypical AH (AAH). In a resected specimen that including 4 SOLs that had been detected by operative US, 6 early HCCs, an HCC of the Edmondson grade I + II, and 2 AAHs were found. All tumors were less than 2 cm and were not encapsulated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic esophageal varices with longitudinal erosion.

A 60-year-old man with idiopathic esophageal varices is presented. Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography clearly demonstrated a longitudinal erosion on one of two straight varices. There was no evidence of portal hypertension, and no abnormality in the superior vena cava system. Peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy were normal. These varices with longitudinal erosion represent unique endoscopic findings as compared with previously reported cases. There has been no variceal bleeding during a 6-year follow-up.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1989

Fourteen years' experience of management and use of the perinatal data-base system.

Since 1973, we have been recording the data of all obstetric cases in our department in our original data-base system, which was created on the mainframe computer at the Tokyo University Hospital Computer Center. The purposes of this system are mainly for making summaries of patients, for retrieving information of cases to provide data for clinical investigations, and for collecting statistics. The data records consist of 225 items, including different kinds of perinatal information. Our data-base system has been useful in improving perinatal medicine, in clinical investigations, and in our daily work. But after 14 years of experience with it, we recognize the system has problems, namely: 1) How to summarize perinatal data to be used as a substitute for a patient history chart, and 2) How to update the data-base with a little change in format according to improvements of perinatal medicines.

Female↗
PubMed1989

The development of sleep-wakefulness cycle and its correlation to other behavior in the human fetus.

Fetal rapid eye movements (REM), breathing movements (BM), and trunk movements (TM) were observed through the use of 3 ultrasonic real-time scanners. Each movement was recorded with the event marker and quantitatively analyzed in relation to the development of the sleep-wakefulness cycle by a computer-assisted system. The results were as follows: The number of REM increased with gestational age. The appearance rate of REM reached a certain level after 32 weeks of gestation. REM-non-REM rhythm was distinguished after 32 weeks. The relationship between REM and BM increased with gestational age. The occurrence of each TM has no correlation to that of REM when it was analyzed in short-term units, but the incidence of TM was high in REM periods. These results demonstrate the course of the development of sleep-wakefulness cycle in human fetuses.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Artificial placenta: long-term extrauterine incubation of isolated goat fetuses.

Previously, this group reported on a system of extrauterine incubation of a goat fetus, in which the fetus is surrounded by artificial amniotic fluid and connected to the circuit with an ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) by the umbilical arteries and veins. The following is a summary of recent progress using an improved method of catheterization and a new system that included a dialyzer within the circuit. Nine goat fetuses were used in this experiment. Six goats were successfully incubated; the duration of their incubation was 146.5 +/- 61.3 h (mean +/- SD). The longest one was 236 h. Slowly progressive circulatory depression was thought to be the main cause of fetal death. Marked tendencies to bleeding and water retention were not observed in any cases. Stable serum electrolyte levels were maintained.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cardiac function during long-term hypoxemia in fetal sheep.

To examine right ventricular function during long-term hypoxemia, we instrumented 12 fetal sheep with intravascular catheters and an electromagnetic flow probe on the pulmonary artery. In six cases, hypoxemia was induced by infusing N2 gas into the maternal trachea for 2 wk. Maternal arterial PO2 was less than 60 Torr, and fetal arterial PO2 was reduced from approximately 26 to approximately 19 Torr. Six cases served as nonhypoxic controls. We studied fetal cardiac function by increasing either preload with a volume infusion of 5% (wt/vol) dextrose or afterload by administering methoxamine (alpha-adrenergic agonist). In hypoxic animals, right ventricular output (QRV) and stroke volume (SV) were not affected on the first 2 days but fell 30% on day 3. Fetal arterial pressure (Pfa) increased 20%, hemoglobin concentration increased approximately 30%, and fetal heart rate (FHR) showed minimal changes. Within 2 wk, QRV recovered to normal values, whereas ventricular sensitivity to arterial pressure was reduced. We observed no change in plasma concentration of "cardiac enzymes" or differences in fetal growth between groups. In conclusion, during prolonged hypoxemia, right ventricular function showed a triphasic response (primary maintenance, secondary depression, and subsequent recovery), achieving a new steady state 2 wk after the start of hypoxia, characterized by decreased sensitivity to afterload, associated with polycythemia and hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Computer-assisted analysis of fetal behavior in fetal abnormalities.

Fetal behavior was studied in 17 cases of fetal abnormalities including nonimmune hydrops fetalis and in 11 cases of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in comparison to 30 healthy fetuses. Breathing movements, rapid eye movements and trunk movements were observed ultrasonically and analyzed using a computer-assisted system. The cases with central nervous system anomalies showed a markedly different behavioral pattern. In the fetal abnormalities without chromosomal anomalies, the cases without major behavioral disorders were cured by neonatal treatment. IUGR cases with decreased trunk, breathing and REM period were finally diagnosed as having fetal distress by fetal heart rate monitoring. The findings on fetal behavior hint at the possibility of diagnosing abnormalities in neural development as well as in well-being.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Development of an ultrasonic system for three-dimensional reconstruction of the fetus.

The ultrasonic diagnostic devices available at present can only represent one section of the fetus. We have developed a system for three-dimensional reconstruction of the ultrasonic fetal image in order to facilitate the understanding of the 3-D structure of the fetus and also to make 3-D recordings of this image. Either a real-time linear array probe or a convex array probe of the ultrasonic scanner was mounted on a position sensing arm of a manual compound scanner in order to detect the position of the probe. A microcomputer was used to convert the positional information to a recording of a visual image of videotape. This image was superimposed onto the ultrasonic tomographic image simultaneously using a superimposer and was recorded on the video tape, thereafter, being recalled by the image processing minicomputer. The minicomputer VAX11/780 (DEC) system was used for 3-D reconstruction and 3-D display. In the memory system the image of the anterior uterine wall was identified and subsequently excluded in order to visualise the fetus more clearly. The threshold of brightness was set to a high level so that the fetus could be separated from the amniotic fluid. The fetus was displayed three-dimensionally using computer graphics. Using this system, we have made it possible to observe the whole image of the fetus in utero non-invasively. This system offers a method for easier understanding of the 3-D structure of the fetus in utero and also makes 3-D recording possible. In the future, we confidently expect that this system will be used for screening for fetal anomalies and abnormalities of fetal growth.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of serum sialyl SSEA-1 (SLX) in diagnosis of cancers].

In order to evaluate the usefulness of sialyl SSEA-1 (SLX) as a tumor marker of digestive cancers, serum levels of the antigen were determined in 334 patients with malignancies and 196 patients with benign diseases. The results indicated that positivity of the antigen in sera from malignant patients was highest in pancreatic cancer (58%) and biliary tract cancer (56%). False positive incidence of SLX in sera from benign diseases was as low as 6%, revealing low false positivity. Comparison with other tumor markers such as CA19-9, CA-50, CEA and ST-439 showed that positivity of SLX was as high as that of CEA, whereas it was lower than that of CA19-9 or CA-50. On the other hand, false positivity of SLX as well as ST-439 was lowest, and accuracy of SLX was no less high than that of CA19-9 or CA-50. In sera of pancreatic and biliary tract cancer, positive incidences of CA19-9, CEA and ST-439 were 80%, 64% and 53%, respectively, and the diagnostic efficiency increased by combined assay of SLX with CA19-9 (88%), CEA (81%) and ST-439 (71%). SLX appears to be no less useful than the other recently developed carbohydrate antigens or CEA as serum tumor marker for pancreatico-biliary cancer.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗