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Biomedical subjects

T Okada

Publications and source records attributed to T Okada.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Serial measurement of bradykinin of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The bradykinin (BK) concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 21 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was measured serially by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The values were 134.9 +/- 93.9 pg/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) on the day of onset, 38.3 +/- 31.8 pg/ml on the first day after onset, 23.4 +/- 22.8 pg/ml on the second day, 16.6 +/- 9.9 pg/ml on the third day, 15.5 +/- 6.0 pg/ml on the fourth day, and 14.8 +/- 5.9 pg/ml on the fifth day. In the controls the BK concentration in the CSF was 8.0 +/- 3.3 pg/ml (n = 10). On the other hand, none of 5 patients with intraventricular hematoma due to intracerebral hemorrhage had a high level of BK in the bloody CSF at the initial stage (15.2-26.0 pg/ml). This shows that BK is not produced only by the mixture of CSF and blood. BK is produced by the activation of Hageman factor that is considered to be activated by trabecula of collagen bundles in the subarachnoid space in the case of SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical experience with cefixime in the pediatric infections].

We used cefixime (CFIX), a newly developed oral cephalosporin antibiotic, to treat 21 children with various infections. The results are summarized as follows. The serum half-lives of CFIX after an administration of 6 mg/kg to each of 2 children were 2.56 and 2.79 hours. The serum concentrations were high enough to ensure the therapeutic response. The clinical response was "excellent" in 16 children and "good" in 5, with a 100% efficacy rate. No side effects were recorded. The only abnormal finding was slight eosinophilia in 1 child.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Efficacy of intracisternal papaverine on symptomatic vasospasm].

This study reports the effect of intracisternal administration of papaverine in 15 patients with vasospasm due to rupture of aneurysm. All patients had undergone clipping of aneurysm and had neurological deterioration and decreasing level of consciousness. Bolus injection of 40 mg of 1% papaverine hydrochloride was started on day 6.3 +/- 1.7 and continued for 4.4 +/- 1.6 days. In seven cases serial angiogram after initial dose revealed dilatation of IC and/or anterior, middle cerebral arteries at 30 min and further dilatation up to 85% increase in diameter at 60 min, which continued at least 90 min. Arteries with marked vasospasm responded more to papaverine than those with less vasospasm. There was a close correlation between degree of vasospasm and vasodilatation effect (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01). In all but two cases vasodilatation tended to become prominent by repeat doses, twice a day, for two to seven days (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01). Vasodilatation was observed only in IC and proximal trunks of ACA and MCA where papaverine could make direct contact, but not in the distal branches beyond A3 or M3. Neurological examination showed improvement of paresis or level of consciousness in 7 cases but no effect in 6 cases. Intracerebral hematoma occurred in two cases (one by high concentration 4% papaverine) during the treatment. Therefore intracisternal papaverine is the treatment of choice in cases with symptomatic vasospasm with some cautions on concentration to be administered.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[Characteristics of brain tissue damage in kaolin-induced infantile rat hydrocephalus].

Experimental hydrocephalus was induced by an intracisternal injection of 4% or 40% kaolin suspension in 2 days old Wistar rats. They were examined histologically and microangiographically 2 weeks after the injection of kaolin. Hydrocephalic rats were classified into 2 groups, severe hydrocephalic group A and mild hydrocephalic group B. In group A, a marked enlargement of the entire ventricular system with a thinning of the cerebral mantle was observed. On the other hand, the dilatation of the fourth ventricle was more pronounced compared with the other ventricles in group B. In group A, a spongy appearance of brain tissue was observed in the periventricular white matter accompanied with an intracerebral cavity. In these edematous areas, the lack of carbon black perfusion was apparent indicating an occurrence of microcirculatory disturbances. These microcirculatory disturbances and mechanical compression to the cerebral parenchyma may produce defective brain tissue (intracerebral cavity formation). The ependymal cell walls and subependymal glial cell layers were well preserved in spite of the damaged periventricular white matter. In group A, kaolin was present in the fourth ventricle and Sylvian aqueduct. Subependymal gliosis containing macrophages and newly produced blood vessels were observed in the region between the periventricular brain tissue and kaolin granules. These findings indicate that kaolin may produce changes in the ependymal cell and cerebral parenchyma as well as fibrosis and meningitis in the subarachnoid space.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of intracranial calcification associated with aging by computerized tomography].

Computerized tomography (CT) scans of 450 standardized normal persons from 5000 consecutive patients were examined to study the relationship between the incidence of intracranial calcification and aging process. The 450 subjects were classified into 9 groups according to age. In people older than 30 years, calcification in the pineal region including pineal body and habenular commissure was found in about 70%. Calcified choroid plexus seems to be characteristic of aging process because the rate of its calcification increased in proportion to aging. Calcification of the falx cerebri was also found to increase in proportion to aging. Calcified cerebral arteries were observed in advanced-aged groups. The fact that people in the ninth decade had a smaller incidence in calcification of the cerebral artery than those in the eighth decade indicates the possibility that longer-lived people had less incidence of cerebral arterial calcification.

Adolescent↗