[Experimental acute edematous pancreatitis in the rat induced by excessive doses of caerulein].
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
T Oka
Publications and source records attributed to T Oka.
[Severe heterozygous protein C deficiency with relapsing purpura fulminance from the newborn period].
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Coumarins↗
Experimental determination of the ground-state inversion splitting in H3O+
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Journal Article↗
The characterization and regulation of a polyamine-responsive, cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase activity in the mouse mammary gland.
The existence of two cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases in the cytosolic extract of mouse mammary gland has been determined via DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl column chromatography. Both enzymes phosphorylated casein in the absence of the exogenous cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP. One protein kinase was found to have a molecular weight of approx. 30 000, while the other was found to have a molecular weight in the range 150 000-250 000. The activity of the larger species was enhanced by polyamines and inhibited by heparin. This enzyme utilized both ATP and GTP as phosphate donors; the apparent Km values were 10 and 16 microM, respectively. The lower molecular weight protein kinase was not affected by either polyamines or heparin and utilized only ATP (Km = 8 microM) as the phosphate donor. The polyamine-responsive protein kinase activity in the mammary gland varied as a function of the reproductive development of the mouse. The activity was relatively low in the virgin and primiparous stages, increased during pregnancy and peaked during lactation. Studies using mammary organ culture indicated that the combination of insulin (5 micrograms/ml), cortisol (1 micrograms/ml) and prolactin (5 micrograms/ml) maintained the polyamine-responsive protein kinase activity that was present in noncultured tissue. In the absence of prolactin, however, the kinase activity was significantly lower than that observed in the three-hormone system. When dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0.5 mM) was added to the medium along with the three hormones, a significant decrease in enzyme activity was found. Slab gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that the majority of the phosphorylated endogenous substrates in the cytosolic fraction were caseins. The results of this study suggest that the polyamine-responsive protein kinase may play an important role in the growth and development of the mammary gland.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Immortalization of human lymphocytes by co-cultivation with lethally irradiated autologous T-cell lines harbouring human T-cell leukaemia virus-I.
Human adult peripheral blood lymphocytes were successfully immortalized by co-cultivation with irradiated autologous and homologous T-cell lines harbouring human T-cell leukaemia virus-I (HTLV-I). The efficiency of transformation was the same in both cases. The participation of alloantigen stimulation in co-cultivation procedures is discussed, and it is stressed that factors other than alloantigen stimulation might be required for the efficient immortalization of human T-lymphocytes in vitro by HTLV.
Adult↗
Further characterization of the inhibition of casein production in a primary mouse mammary epithelial cell culture by epidermal growth factor. Antagonism by cyclic AMP.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibited casein production and the accumulation of casein mRNA activity induced by insulin (I), cortisol (F) and prolactin (P) in a primary culture of mammary epithelial cells from pregnant mice. The inhibitory effects of EGF were blocked by 8-bromo cyclic AMP (8-br-cAMP) in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of 8-br-cAMP was observed at a concentration as low as 20 microM and was maximal at 500 microM. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP), cAMP, and 3-isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, also antagonized the inhibitory effect of EGF on casein production. 8-Br-cAMP had, however, no effect on the mitogenic activity of EGF in this system. These results suggest a possible modulatory role of cAMP in EGF-induced inhibition of casein production in cultured mammary epithelial cells.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Comparative inhibitory effects of pirenzepine and atropine on cholinergic stimulation of exocrine and endocrine rat pancreas.
The effects of pirenzepine on carbamylcholine-stimulated exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions were compared with those of atropine in both the isolated pancreatic acini and the isolated perfused pancreas of rats. In the isolated acini pirenzepine and atropine produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of amylase secretion initiated by carbamylcholine. This inhibition resulted in a rightward shift in the dose-response curve for carbamylcholine-stimulated amylase secretion without altering the maximal increase in amylase secretion. Pirenzepine was, however, approximately 300 times less potent than atropine in inhibiting the stimulated amylase release. A similar difference in potency was observed with respect to carbamylcholine stimulation of pancreatic juice, amylase, and insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas. The maximal inhibitory concentration of pirenzepine on a maximal effective concentration of pirenzepine on a maximal effective concentration of carbamylcholine for stimulating pancreatic exocrine secretion was 10 microM, whereas that of atropine was 30 nM. The present data define the pirenzepine receptors in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas as low-affinity-type receptors.
Amylases↗
Endochondral ossification of the condyle in rats on a strontium or low-calcium diet.
The mechanism of abnormal endochondral ossification induced by administration of strontium salts was studied in the mandibular condyles of rats by radiographic, histologic, and histochemical methods. It was shown by radiographic and histologic findings that ossification of the mandibular ramus was clearly inhibited in rats fed a low-calcium diet and rats fed a strontium diet. The change in appearance of the mandibular condyles of the rats fed strontium was more severe than that in those fed low amounts of calcium. From the histochemical findings, it was suggested that the metabolic dysfunction of chondroitin sulfate, periodic acid-Schiff positive materials, and collagen in the hypertrophic zone of the condylar cartilage (or in the part corresponding to trabecular bone of the mandibular ramus) was one factor inhibiting normal endochondral ossification.
Animals↗
Estimation by infrared spectrophotometer of the calcium oxalate dihydrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate ratio.
According to the theoretical expression for calibration curve as a function of the optical absorption ratio of two peaks and with the analysis of the infrared spectra of the mixture samples of commercial calcium oxalate monohydrate and synthesized calcium oxalate dihydrate, the following quadratic equation was obtained; Y = 1.79 X2 - 30.90 X + 107.04 in which Y is the percentage of the purity of calcium oxalate dihydrate and X is the ratio of the relative optical absorption at 660 cm.-1 (the wave number at a characteristic absorption peak of calcium oxalate monohydrate) to that at 610 cm.-1 (that of calcium oxalate dihydrate) by regarding the line as a base-line that links the absorption valley at around 700 cm.-1 with that at 550 cm.-1 The linear correlation coefficient of the actual purity to the estimated purity obtained from this formula of calcium oxalate dihydrate is 0.995. When this formula is applied to the results derived from the infrared spectra of the mixture samples of commercial calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate obtained from urinary stones in duplicate in each percentage, the linear correlation coefficient is 0.991. This estimation method by infrared spectrophotometer of the calcium oxalate dihydrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate ratio gave a very close correlation between actual and estimated purity of calcium oxalate dihydrate and seems useful in the study of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Calcium Oxalate↗
Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.
This paper reports a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the maxilla who developed DIC during the 12-month observation of the hemostatic course, and a case of squamous cell cancer of the tongue associated with post-operative DIC. The triggers in these 2 cases were malignant tumor, infection, shock and operation. Heparin and aprotinin were administered in both cases. Hemostatic improvement was obtained in case 2, but neither cases were cured. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of DIC are discussed.
Aged↗
The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for intraoral reconstruction: surgical complications and their treatment.
The pectoralis major myocutaneous (PM-MC) flap was used for intra-oral reconstruction in 7 patients. Major necrosis did not occur in any of the cases, but minor necrosis did in two cases. In 2 cases an oro-cutaneous fistula was observed. Furthermore, in 2 cases severe facial oedema was experienced, which seemed attributable to circulatory disturbance in the part of the face where the flap was inserted. Muscle atrophy of the flap was observed in greater or lesser degree in all cases. In all cases the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used for the purpose of intraoral reconstruction. Intraoral reconstruction involves considerations different from transplantation in other sites. It is the purpose of this paper to present an updated review of our experience with 7 consecutive pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, including the complications and their treatment.
Adult↗
Gastroduodenal cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. Fiberscopic observations.
Recently we experienced 2 adult post-renal transplantation cases with gastroduodenal cytomegalic inclusion body. In one case, it was possible to carry out close endoscopic observation from onset to resolution a - very rare opportunity. A 39-year-old man developed continuous occult blood in the stool for 1 month after renal transplantation. Multiple erosive lesions from the upper corpus of the stomach to the bulb of the duodenum were revealed by the endoscopic study. A biopsy specimen from the erosion showed the cytomegalic inclusion body. One month later, the erosive lesions had disappeared. The second case is a 40-year-old man who developed tarry stools 5 days after renal transplantation. Multiple erosions partially covered with blood coagula from the upper portion of the gastric corpus to the antrum were revealed by the endoscopic examination. A biopsy specimen from the erosion in the antrum contained the cytomegalic inclusion body.
Adult↗
Evidence for the involvement of the submandibular gland epidermal growth factor in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
The submandibular gland is a rich source of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mice. The concentration of EGF in the gland of virgin female mice of C3H/HeN strain increased as much as 9-fold from the age of 30 to 52 weeks. During this period, the incidence of mammary tumor in virgin females increased markedly to a maximal level of 62.5% (n = 48) at 52 weeks of age. Removal of the submandibular gland (sialoadenectomy) of virgin mice 14-22 weeks old reduced the tumor incidence to 12.8% (n = 39) at the age of 52 weeks and also increased the latency period of mammary tumor development as much as 14 weeks when compared to that of normal mice. Long-term treatment of sialoadenectomized virgin mice with EGF (5 micrograms per mouse every other day) increased the tumor incidence to 33.3%. Moreover, sialoadenectomy of mammary tumor-bearing animals caused a rapid and sustained cessation of tumor growth, but EGF administration (5 micrograms per mouse per day) quickly restored the rate of tumor growth to a normal level. These results indicate that submandibular gland EGF plays a crucial role in mouse mammary tumorigenesis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Synthesis and secretion of human epidermal growth factor by Escherichia coli.
A synthetic gene for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was joined to a sequence encoding the signal peptide of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. This hybrid gene was placed under the control of the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA) promoter in a recombinant plasmid, which was used to transfect E. coli. The hybrid protein that was expressed in host cells under conditions of phosphate limitation was processed accurately during the secretion process, and mature hEGF was recovered in the periplasmic fraction. On the other hand, no EGF was detected in the periplasmic space when the synthetic hEGF gene was not accompanied by the phoA signal sequence.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Enhancement of RNA synthesis in chick liver by food intake: possible role of high mobility group nonhistone proteins.
RNA synthesis in the nuclei of liver from newly hatched (4-d-old) chicks is enhanced by intake of food. The enhanced synthesis was ascribed not to an increase in the activity of solubilized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase but to an increase in the initiation of RNA synthesis. Enhanced RNA synthesis in fed chicks was accompanied by greater susceptibility of nuclei to digestion by micrococcal nuclease. Salt extraction abolished the difference in nuclease sensitivity between the fed and fasted groups. Reconstitution with either 0.35 M NaCl extracts or high mobility group (HMG) nonhistone proteins restored digestion susceptibility, but changing the source of extracted proteins did not equalize the extent of digestion in nuclei from livers of fed and fasted chicks. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of HMG proteins revealed the presence of HMGs 1 and 2 as well as a 38,000-dalton protein. The nuclear HMG protein content in fed chicks was greater than that of fasted chicks (121 +/- 17 micrograms/mg DNA vs. 31 +/- 12 micrograms/mg DNA). The electron microscopic examination of hepatocyte nuclei revealed the enlargment of nucleoli and scarcity of aggregated heterochromatin structures in the fed chicks as compared with the fasted chicks. These morphological features are compatible with the high transcriptional activity in liver of fed chicks.
Animals↗
Cloning and expression of a novel variant of human interferon-gamma cDNA.
A cDNA library was prepared from the poly(A) mRNA isolated from human peripheral blood lymphocytes which were induced by combined treatment with phytohemagglutinin and a phorbol ester. Recombinant plasmids containing human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) cDNAs were identified by the oligonucleotide-hybridization method. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of HuIFN-gamma cDNA in plasmid pIFN gamma-G4 differed from the published data at amino acid position 9 (CAA for glutamine versus AAA for lysine). The cDNA in plasmid pIFN gamma-G4 was expressed under control of the simian virus 40 early promoter in monkey COS cells and a biologically active HuIFN-gamma was secreted from the cells. The cDNA was also inserted into an expression vector carrying an E. coli tryptophan promoter and was expressed in E. coli. The results suggest that the conversion from lysine to glutamine at amino acid position 9 might not affect the specific activity of HuIFN-gamma.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Secretion of human interferon-alpha induced by using secretion vectors containing a promoter and signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase gene of Escherichia coli.
We constructed a new vector containing the promoter and the signal sequence of E. coli phoA gene, the structural gene for the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase. One of the most useful characteristics of this vector is the unique HindIII restriction site located just at the end of the phoA signal sequence. This restriction site was generated by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis without changing the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide. Any kind of foreign structural gene can be easily inserted into the HindIII site by using synthetic oligonucleotides to construct a hybrid gene which has neither an extra sequence nor a deletion between the phoA signal sequence and the foreign structural gene. Human alpha-interferon gene was inserted into this HindIII site. When this hybrid gene was expressed under the control of the phoA promoter region, a low but significant activity was recovered in the cold water wash of the cells after an osmotic shock procedure.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Effect of pregestational sialoadenectomy of nursing mothers on eyelid opening of pups.
The eyelid opening of pups born to and nursed by normal mice occurred by the 15th day of birth, whereas pregestational sialoadenectomy (removal of submandibular glands) of nursing mice delayed eyelid opening of their pups by as much as 5 days. Parotidectomy, however, had no effect on eyelid opening. Cross-foster nursing experiments indicated that the cause for delayed eyelid opening of pups was to be found in sialoadenectomized mothers, not their pups. Sialoadenectomized mothers had underdeveloped mammary glands that produced approximately 50% less milk than controls, and the amount of epidermal growth factor in their milk was similarly reduced. When epidermal growth factor, a polypeptide produced by the submandibular gland, was injected daily at a dose of 5 micrograms into sialoadenectomized pregnant mice, the eyelid opening of the pups nursed by their mothers occurred normally. These results are discussed with regard to the possible role of the submandibular gland and epidermal growth factor in neonatal eyelid opening.
Animals↗