Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.
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Mepirizole (60 and 200 mg/kg) administered s.c. induced damage in the surface epithelial cells of the rat proximal duodenum as early as 2 hr after the treatment. 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2, 30 micrograms/kg) administered s.c. significantly protected the duodenal mucosa against mepirizole-induced damage for up to 6 hr. Gastric acid secretion in acute fistula preparations was significantly reduced 1 hr after administration of mepirizole (60 and 200 mg/kg). The secretion reverted to the control level 2 hr later. In the 60 mg/kg-treated group, however, there was a significant increase in the acid output for up to 6 hr. Duodenal HCO3- secretion, stimulated with 10 mM HCl was significantly inhibited with mepirizole (60 and 200 mg/kg). Mepirizole (60 and 200 mg/kg) significantly increased the amount of acid in the duodenum for 2 to 6 hr after the treatment. dmPGE2 (30 micrograms/kg) significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion, stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and reduced the increased amount of acid in the duodenum in response to mepirizole. Endogenous prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in the duodenal mucosa were significantly reduced by mepirizole (200 mg/kg) 1 to 2 hr later. Mepirizole-induced duodenal damage appears to be caused by the increased amount of acid in the duodenum.
The serum bone Gla-protein (BGP) and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gamma-Gla) levels were determined in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The mean serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels were 18.6 +/- 2.34 ng/ml and 65.5 +/- 4.62 nmoles/mgCr, respectively, for the 11 patients with the skeletal type of PHP, 5.13 +/- 0.85 ng/ml and 45.2 +/- 1.33 nmoles/mgCr for the 4 with the chemical type, and 7.91 +/- 2.43 ng/ml and 43.2 +/- 3.47 nmoles/mgCr for the 5 with the renal type. Thus, patients with skeletal-type PHP had significantly higher serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels than those with the other type of PHP. Serum BGP levels had significant positive correlations with serum Ca (r = 0.64, P less than 0.005), serum A1-p (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001) and serum PTH (r = 0.45, P less than 0.005). Urinary gamma-Gla levels also had significant positive correlations with serum Ca (r = 0.50, P less than 0.05), serum A1-p (r = 0.67, P less than 0.005), serum 1,25(OH)2D (r = 0.62, P less than 0.02), and serum BGP (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). Mineral content in the left radius had significant negative correlations with serum BGP levels (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) and urinary gamma-Gla levels (r = -0.59, P less than 0.01). As these data show, serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels clearly reflect the abnormal bone metabolism and can therefore be useful biochemical markers in PHP.
A case of common variable immunodeficiency in a pregnant woman is presented. Lobar pneumonia developed in the sixth month of the pregnancy and her serum immunoglobulin levels were found to be extremely low. She was treated successfully with immune human serum globulin and antibiotics. She delivered a full-term baby without any troubles. Various immunologic studies were done in the peripheral blood of the patient and the neonate. Consequently, functional abnormalities of helper T cells were considered to be responsible for the hypogammaglobulinemia.
The test sera from 50 patients treated with intravenous gammaglobulins (IVG) were examined for LAV/HTLV-III antibody by ELISA tests in order to evaluate the risk of transmission of LAV/HTLV-III virus via administration of IVG. The three ELISA-positive sera were negative for the antibody by both indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot assay (WBA). Thus, all of the test sera were negative for LAV/HTLV-III antibody. Two of the ELISA-positive/IFA-negative/WBA-negative samples had HLA-DR4 antibodies causing positive ELISA results.
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Quantitative analysis of myoglobin (Mb) was established using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in order to determine the influence of thermal acclimation on Mb levels in muscles. Myoglobin was measured in the red and white parts of quadriceps, soleus, diaphragm and heart of young adult male rats (11 weeks old). It was higher in the red muscle (0.92 +/- 0.043 mg/g fresh weight) than in the white muscle (0.08 +/- 0.007), and similar in the red muscle and soleus (1.17 +/- 0.117). Heart showed the highest level (1.52 +/- 0.073) among the tissues studied. The level in diaphragm (0.74 +/- 0.039) was intermediate between red muscle and heart. Cold acclimation (5 degrees C for 4 weeks, 11 weeks old) caused significant increases in Mb levels in white muscle (0.27 +/- 0.031, p less than 0.001), heart (1.95 +/- 0.094, p less than 0.01), and diaphragm (1.01 +/- 0.060, p less than 0.01), but not in red muscle and soleus. The rats reared in cold for many generations (20 generations at 5 degrees C, 11 weeks old) manifested significant increases in Mb levels of all tissues (p less than 0.05-0.001) examined. Heat acclimation (33 degrees C for 4 weeks, 11 weeks old) did not influence Mb levels of the tissues. The above findings suggest that skeletal muscle Mb may be partly involved in an enhanced thermogenesis in cold acclimation by favouring an oxidative capacity of muscles.
Metyrapone caused significant increase of VO2 in cold-acclimated rats, but not in warm controls and heat-acclimated rats. Plasma FFA decreased, while plasma glycerol increased in all groups. Glycerol increase was less in heat-acclimated rats than in other groups. FFA/glycerol molar ratio decreased most in cold-acclimated rats.
A clear cell sarcoma that developed on the left back of a 19-year-old Japanese female was studied ultrastructurally. The findings included basal laminae, desmosomelike junctions, cytoplasmic interdigitations, lamellar bodies, and immature melanosomes. These findings suggest schwannian differentiation of this tumor, since they are not usual features of malignant melanoma except for melanosomes. Therefore this tumor seems to be more akin to malignant schwannoma than to malignant melanoma.
A lesion in the left humeral head of a 15-year-old Japanese boy was light-microscopically diagnosed as clear cell chondrosarcoma. Fresh tissues from the lesion were studied ultrastructurally. In most tumor cells, that is, clear cells, paucity of organelles, sparse free ribosomes, and low protein content in cytosol were most striking. Tumor cells had many microvilli characteristic of cartilage cells. Among scanty organelles, vesicles or cisternae of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum were rather conspicuous, and well-developed Golgi complexes were sparse. Intercellular matrix was scanty. These results suggest that intercellular matrix substance may be synthesized substantially by rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the synthesized substance perhaps cannot be transported smoothly into extracellular spaces because of scanty well-developed Golgi complexes.
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The plasma levels of epirubicin and its metabolite, epirubicinol, were measured by HPLC following intravenous administration of epirubicin to cancer patients at doses of 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/m2. The blood concentration/time curve declined as a tri-phasic function. The mean t1/2 alpha, beta, and gamma were 4.67 min, 1.15 h, and 36.5 h, respectively, which were characterized by a short distribution phase (alpha) and a prolonged elimination phase (gamma). The distribution volume of the central compartment (V1 = 0.351 l/kg) was small, while that of the tissue compartment (V2 = 0.254, V3 = 45.8 l/kg) was large, which could be explained by the binding of the drug to cellular components. The concentration of epirubicinol, although having a wide variation among individuals, was less than that of the unchanged drug and showed a gradual decline. The area under the curve (AUC) of epirubicin increased in proportion to the increase of dosage. These types of pharmacokinetic behavior of epirubicin appeared to be similar to those of doxorubicin.
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