Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Ohkawa.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The diurnal variations of urine composition with respect to urinary pH, volume, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, citrate and oxalate were studied in five healthy men. Generally, there was considerable variations in the excretion of the different urine constituents with meal related peaks except phosphate, which was most pronounced after dinner. The analysis of a 24-hour urine collection cannot account fully for the crystallization properties of urine and a fractionated urinalysis might be of value for therapeutic decisions. However, such procedures probably will not be possible in clinical practice and more reliable methods for evaluation of the crystallization propensity in whole 24-hour urine have to be developed.
Herein we report our experience of percutaneous nephro-ureterolithotomy on 18 renal or upper ureteral calculous patients between December, 1984 and May, 1985. Using an ultrasonic lithotrite and a nephroscope especially developed for the percutaneous disintegration and removal of upper urinary stones via a nephrostomy, 15 of the patients were successfully treated without open surgery.
A radioimmunoassay system for serum 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was developed with the use of rabbit antiserum against 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin. The antiserum was highly specific for 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, with cross reactions to other steroids being less than 0.8% except for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione(3.4% cross reaction). Use of LH-20 column chromatography, however, clearly separated these two steroids. Pregnancy sera were measured with this assay system after an addition of labelled internal standard, extraction and separation by column chromatography. The lower limit of detection for 16 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione was 2 pg/tube. The mean recovery rate of the added standard was 98.3 +/- 8.8% (mean +/- SE). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.6% (n = 6) and 12.1% (n = 7), respectively.
Mice showed no toxic signs after a single injection of o-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC, 10 mg/kg) or 2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methylcarbamate (propoxur, 2 mg/kg). Each dose of BPMC or propoxur caused an increase in acetylcholine content and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the forebrain of mice at 10 min, followed by an almost complete recovery in the content at 60 min. Spontaneous motor activity was depressed 10 min after and recovered 60 min after, injection of BPMC or propoxur. Neither rotarod performance nor rectal temperature showed any change after injection of BPMC or propoxur. Spontaneous motor activity may therefore be a simple method for assessing small changes in the cholinergic system.
This is a report about the case of a 37-year-old female with left temporal damage due to a cerebral infarction and showing periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). A hypsarhythmia-like pattern was observed a week after the onset. A repeat tracing of EEGs taken two weeks after the onset clarified the presence of PLEDs, consisting of a lateralized slow spike discharge in a rhythmic fashion at a frequency of every 1.6 seconds. PLEDs disappeared two months after the onset, and EEG activity normalized three months after the onset. But, her regressive behavior, crying before her doctor, which was considered to be due to a personality change, persisted for some years.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Sixteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) alone or in combination with other drugs. Eight patients were given cis-DDP intravenously, 6 patients intraarterially and 2 by both methods. Seven patients (44%) showed a partial response, 2 showed a minor response and 4 remained unchanged. Of the 6 patients treated with arterial infusion, 3 achieved a partial response while only 2 of the 8 patients administered intravenously showed a partial response. Eight patients with deeply invasive bladder cancer were treated with cis-DDP alone or in combination with other drugs following radical cystectomy. Cis-DDP was administered every week for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses at a dose of 50 mg and cis-DDP, adriamycin and 5-FU (CAF) were administered at 3 weeks interval for 3 courses and every month for 12 courses. All patients in this group were alive with a median survival of 20 months. One patient had a recurrence 5 months postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cis-DDP or their combination was effective. Toxicity was generally tolerable.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Urinary excretions of calcium, oxalate and uric acid were estimated in 160 stone-formers (male 118, female 42) and 257 healthy controls (male 207, female 50). Stone-formers were divided into two groups according to their stone analysis: calcium containing stone-formers and non-calcium stone-formers. Calcium stone-formers were divided again into those who had a single stone episode and multiple or recurrent stone episodes. Urinary calcium and oxalate showed significant increases in calcium stone-formers, while urinary uric acid increased only in male calcium stone-formers. Recurrent calcium stone-formers demonstrated significant high levels of urinary calcium excretion especially in males, whereas no difference of urinary oxalate excretion between recurrent and single stone-formers. The frequency distributions on the excretion of three subjects were estimated respectively in patients with calcium stone and in controls. Relative risks, risk curves and stone probabilities were proposed and compared. The higher excretion values of urinary calcium and oxalate closely related to higher risks of forming calcium stones. On the other hand, urinary uric acid did not have such a relation to calcium stone formation. We defined the states which urinary excretions exceeded 95% upper confidence limits of normal controls as hyperexcretions. Hypercalciuria was more than 200 mg/day in male and female, hyperoxaluria was 50 mg/day in male and 45 mg/day in female and hyperuricosuria was 850 mg/day in male and 650 mg/day in female according to our definition. Among male calcium stone-formers, hypercalciuria was found in 45.3%, hyperoxaluria in 26.4% and hyperuricosuria in 15.1%. While in female calcium stone-formers, hypercalciuria in 23.7%, hyperoxaluria in 26.3% and hyperuricosuria in 13.2%. Of the male calcium stone-formers 57.5% showed either or both hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria, and recurrent stone-formers also demonstrated a higher incidence among them. Excretion products of urinary calcium and oxalate were calculated and compared in each group. Calcium stone-formers showed significant high values especially in male recurrent stone-formers. The estimation by combining some risk factors will provide more useful means of assessing severity of urinary calculous diseases and therapeutic effects of their various treatments.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
We studied the effect of allopurinol on the prevention of stone recurrence in 134 patients with recurrent, idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. They consisted of 113 male patients and 21 female, between 16 and 72 years with an average age of 42.7. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of stone occurrence; those with multiple stones without previous stone episodes (multiple stone group), and the those with recurrent stones (stone episode group). Twenty three patients belonged to the multiple stone group and 111 patients belonged to the stone episode group. The stones in 19 of the 23 patients in the multiple stone group remained stable throughout the study, while stones in 4 grew. Fifty-nine of the 111 patients in the stone episode group were free from recurrence, but the others showed recurrence. Statistical analyses was done on the stone episode group. The stone recurrence rate of all of the 111 cases showed significant decrease during prophylactic treatment with allopurinol (p less than 0.01), although the observation period before treatment was 73.0 +/- 65.8 months and that during and after treatment was 28.2 +/- 12.1 months. During the two years before and after prophylaxis 79 patients also showed a significantly decreased recurrence rate. Moreover, regarding 37 cases without any stones at the start of treatment, stone recurrence rate decreased significantly after the administration of allopurinol. Throughout this study, we used a new method for evaluating reasonable stone recurrence. It did not calculate the number of stones recurred, but the stone-forming circumstance in each kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In normal pregnancy, the activity of the alternate pathway elevates latently and compensatorily for the suppression of cellular immunity. Aging of the placenta becomes a trigger for the onset of labor and production of C3-a. In cases of hydatidiform mole, abruptio placentae, threatened abortion, and chorionic malignancy, the activity of the complement system is depressed, especially that of C3-activator and alternate pathway. This may in turn result from activation of complement by the pathologic lesion of the chorionic villi. In pathologic lesions of the placenta, activation of alternate pathway can lead to a number of diseases. Immunotherapy is effective in the prevention of malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Immunotherapy and combination chemotherapy are markedly effective for treatment of metastatic chorionic malignancy.
The purpose of this study is to confirm the hypocalciuric effect of rice bran experimentally and clinically. Urinary calcium excretion and its absorption in the intestine were reduced significantly by rice bran or phytin in rats fed high calcium diets, while there were no significant decreases with a low calcium diet. For the clinical study 70 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were treated with rice bran (10 gm. twice daily) for 1 month to 3 years. In almost all patients rice bran caused a significant decrease in urinary calcium excretion, which was maintained during treatment. Evidence of stones has decreased clearly among patients treated with rice bran for 1 to 3 years, although this might be a halfway judgment of the long-term treatment. We suggest that phytin should be the most effective substance to reduce the intestinal absorption of calcium and that rice bran treatment should be effective for prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.