Biomedical subjects

T Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogino.

493 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Ir-192 brachytherapy by an afterloading technique: initial experience at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.

Twenty-nine patients with various tumors treated by 192Ir brachytherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1977 to 1984 were reviewed. Of 10 patients with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, three with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and three others with various tumors, none showed locally controlled disease. Two of six patients with recurrent brain tumor, three of five with skin tumor and two with carcinoma of the female genital tract showed locally controlled disease. Although the effectiveness of this mode of treatment needs to be more clearly demonstrated, it is easily applied to clinical practice and is at least as effective as radium 262 implantation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression of bony growth of the orbit after radiotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Suppression of the growth of orbit and skull in 13 retinoblastoma patients treated by radiotherapy was investigated. The age of patients at the time of treatment ranged from 1 month to 6 years and 11 months. They were examined after three to 18 years. Suppression of the growth in involved areas and other parts of the skull within the beam of radiation were estimated by inspection, X-ray findings, and X-CT examinations. The involved orbit received more than 32 Gy, and the suppression of bone growth was prominent. At the opposite temporal bone, suppression of growth was prominent in eight cases out of 11, in these cases, the radiation dose was at least 14 Gy. Two cases, in whom the radiation dose was less than 12.6 Gy, have not shown any suppression of bony growth. Results were also obtained for a nominal single dose (ret). In all cases of more than 1,000 ret, suppression was prominent, but at less than 1,000 ret, four out of nine cases, and at less than 600 ret, two out of four cases showed suppression of bony growth. If the safety dose to avoid the suppression of bony growth is 400 ret, this is equivalent to three times the radiation dose of 200 cGy. In conclusion, the suppression of bony growth of the orbit and temporal area of the skull of young patients is caused by very small doses of radiation.

Bone Development↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial system: the role of postoperative radiotherapy.

To clarify the role of postoperative radiotherapy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial system (ACC), we analyzed patients treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. Seven patients with ACC were treated with resective surgery and postoperative radiotherapy from 1962-1990. None of the primary lesions was completely surgically resected. Postoperative irradiation was delivered by standard fractionation at a dose range of 49.2-72 Gy. Four of seven patients lived more than 5 years, up to 21 years, without local recurrence. In contrast, three other patients who showed recurrence within 2 years died of disease before 5 years. Three of four patients who received postoperative irradiation of 60 Gy or more attained local control. One of three patients who received less than 60 Gy failed locally. A high dose of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with a positive surgical margin of ACC seems to improve local control and result in long-term survival.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperthermia for bone and soft tissue sarcoma: relationship between computerized tomographic and histological findings.

Between 1983 and 1992, 38 patients with 44 tumors of bone and soft tissue sarcoma were treated by hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The overall response rate in this series was 48% (21/44). The average time for heating to 42 degrees C and the average maximum temperature did not correlate with the local effect. The percentage of the low density area on CT images and the average maximum temperature were well correlated. When 100% necrosis was evaluated as CR and up to 50% necrosis as PR, the local response rate was elevated from 42% to > 65%. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are good targets for hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Some tumors indicated for this study were too large to heat with the present heating apparatus. Percent low density and percent necrosis were correlated to some degree, but adoption of this phenomenon as a criterion for evaluation should be considered carefully.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cine MRI in radiotherapy treatment planning of brain tumors.

This paper presents our preliminary experience with three-dimensional (3-D) treatment planning using the cine mode display of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain tumors. MRI images, viewed from the direction of the source of radiation, are reconstructed at consecutive 5 mm intervals and superimposed on the 3-D skin surface image. Tumors and normal structures can be visualized as is, without delineating them. Limitations of the technique are also discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of quantitative trait loci for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that interact with body weight in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a prototypical multifactorial disease. Genetic predisposition and obesity are major risk factors for NIDDM development and the interactions between these factors are likely to be important in the etiology of this disease. The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat is one of the best animal models of NIDDM, since the OLETF rat develops NIDDM with mild obesity that is very similar to human NIDDM. Therefore, the OLETF rat is a powerful model for investigating the interaction between genetic susceptibility to NIDDM and obesity. In this study, our goal was to clarify the relationship between an individual NIDDM susceptibility locus and obesity in the OLETF using a molecular genetics approach. We identified four novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that contribute to the susceptibility to NIDDM, none of which shows significant linkage with body weight. However, Nidd1/of on chromosome 7 and Nidd2/of on chromosome 14 have an interaction with body weight. In contrast, one locus was mapped to chromosome 10 for body weight, but not to fasting or postprandial glucose levels. These data illustrate that NIDDM and body weight are under separate genetic control in the OLETF yet interact to yield the final disease phenotype in the two Nidd/of loci. In addition, body weight could be used in place of body mass index as an indicator of obesity in our experimental system of genetic study. This study will facilitate the understanding of the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility to NIDDM and obesity.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Recently the HPV genome has been detected in 75-80% of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinomas. High-risk HPV 16,18,31,33, and 45 are frequently associated with invasive carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and nasal cavity. In this study we investigated the association of HPV16 and 18 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using PCR-based methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight fresh frozen tissues from HNSCC were collected. The samples were consisted of 26 cases from the larynx, 19 from the nasal and paranasal sinus, 16 the hypopharynx, 14 the oral cavity, 13 the oropharynx, and 10 from the nasopharynx. The presence of HPV genome was examined by PCR using HPV16 and 18 specific primers encoding E7 ORF. RESULTS: HPV16-DNA was detected in 23% of all cases (23/98), 31% (8/26) larynx, 16% (3/19) nasal and paranasal sinus, 19% (3/16) hypopharynx, 21% (3/14) oral cavity, 38% (5/13) oropharynx, and 10% (1/10) nasopharynx. HPV18-DNA was detected in 4% of all cases (4/98), 8% (2/26) larynx, and 15% (2/13) oropharynx. 54% (7/13) in oropharynx and 38% (10/26) in larynx showed rather high prevalence in the head and neck. CONCLUSIONS: HPV 16 and 18 play an important role in carcinogenesis of the head and neck, especially, in the oropharynx and larynx.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗