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Biomedical subjects

T Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogino.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

An autoradiographic study on the labeling index of biopsy specimens from gastric cancers.

With the aim of examining proliferative activity of gastric cancers of various histologic types, H3-thymidine labeling indices of biopsy specimens from 48 patients were examined using an in vitro labeling technique. The results indicated that the indices were greatly variable (1.4-40.8%) from case to case and from area to area, and could not be well correlated with either gross findings, histologic types, or the degree of tumor invasion. However, the distribution of the labeled cells within the tumor was somewhat characteristic to each histologic type. In adenocarcinomas, DNA-synthesizing cells were scattered at random over the entire tumor tissue. In signet-ring cell carcinomas, small tumor cells with dark-staining cytoplasm were preferentially labeled. In contrast, typical signet-ring cells had practically zero labeling index, suggesting that they are out-of-cycle cells and are functionally differentiated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Biliary and urinary excretion rates and serum concentration changes of four bilirubin photoproducts in Gunn rats during total darkness and low or high illumination.

On cycled exposure of Gunn rats to total darkness and low and high illumination, biliary excretion rates of (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin and (EZ)-cyclobilirubin increased up to approx. 10-fold from the mean basal values of 1.2 and 0.2 microgram/h to the mean maximum values of 25.2 and 4.2 micrograms/h respectively, and at the same time those of (EE)-bilirubin and (EE)-cyclobilirubin also increased, but at very much lower rates than those of the first-mentioned two. During the low illumination only (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin and (EZ)-cyclobilirubin appeared in the urine; during the high illumination (EE)-bilirubin and (EE)-cyclobilirubin also appeared, showing a similar excretion pattern to that observed in the bile, but the total urinary excretion rates were lower than the total biliary excretion rates. The serum bilirubin concentrations fell gradually to lower values, accompanied by an increment in (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin, but (EZ)-cyclobilirubin was not detected. It is concluded that during phototherapy the predominant pathway for the removal of bilirubin from the body in the Gunn rat is by biliary excretion of the geometric photoisomers (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin, derived from Z----E isomerization, and the structural photoisomer (EZ)-cyclobilirubin, formed from intramolecular endo-vinyl cyclization.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Significance of the endo-vinyl group of bilirubin in photochemical reactions.

In photochemical experiments on bilirubin III alpha (no endo-vinyl group), IX alpha (one endo-vinyl group) and XIII alpha (two endo-vinyl groups) and in the photochemical, thermal and catalytical reversion of their photoproducts under anaerobic conditions, much more instability and complexity of photoproducts of bilirubin XIII alpha were observed than for those of bilirubin IX alpha or III alpha. On the basis of present and previous results of photochemical experiments in vitro and the fact that large amounts of (EZ)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha appear in the bile during phototherapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia [Onishi, Kawade, Itoh, Isobe & Sugiyama (1980) Biochem. J. 190, 527-532], it is concluded that the endo-vinyl group plays a crucial role in the photochemical reaction of bilirubin IX alpha. On reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of photoisomers, it was found that the retention times of geometric isomers and E-cyclized structural isomers were shortened compared with those of Z-isomer and E-isomer, respectively, as precursor substances.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1984

Evolution of enterovirus type 70: oligonucleotide mapping analysis of RNA genome.

Different isolates of enterovirus type 70 (EV70) taken between 1971 and 1981 were studied by molecular biological methods to elucidate their evolutional change. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that only a few isolates had a slight alteration in mobility in some viral proteins. On the contrary, oligonucleotide mapping of virion RNA could clearly delineate the molecular changes among isolates. The number of base changes of isolates became greater as the years elapsed. In addition, the number of base changes among recent isolates from different areas of the world was much greater than those among early isolates. Thus, when the isolates were arranged three-dimensionally according to the number of base changes between each other, the constellation of the strains gave rise to a conical shape. The central axis of the figure was the time of isolation of the strains. The early isolates clustered near the top of the conical figure and the recent isolates tended to disperse divergently at the bottom. The figure indicated that all EV70 strains were derived from a common ancestor, and its top would be the time of emergence of the original strain. It was estimated to be around 1966, 3 years prior to the first epidemic in Accra, Ghana. From the results, it was presumed that EV70 would have emerged at a single focus in Africa as a novel human virus. After having circulated there for a few years, the virus spread to the other parts of the world. Based on the difference in the oligonucleotide spots between the recent isolates and early isolates, the base changes of EV70 that occurred during 10 years was estimated to be 320, about 4% (0.4% a year on the average) of the bases of the total RNA genome.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1984

Structure and thermal interconversion of cyclobilirubin IX alpha.

One of the two main photoproducts in bilirubin metabolism during phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is (EZ)-cyclobilirubin. However, it has not yet been possible to come to a final conclusion as to its chemical structure, despite the fact that much effort has been expended on the problem. The present paper demonstrates that (EZ)-cyclobilirubin is formed by the intramolecular cyclization of the C-3-vinyl group with the position at C-7 rather than at C-6, without delta-lactone-ring formation. The evidence comes from 13C-n.m.r. spectra, which indicate that an oxygen-bound quaternary carbon atom is not present, and from 1H-n.m.r. spectra, which indicate that the orientation of the methyl group at C-2 is equatorial; these findings are supported by mass spectra. The existence of both an epimeric relationship at C-7 between (EE)- and (EZ)-cyclobilirubins A and B and of steric isomers of the hydrogen atom and methyl group at C-2 is supported by the fact that the methyl-group protons at C-2 and C-7 are observed as a paired signal in 1H-n.m.r. spectra, and that new signals at C-7, C-2 and C-3 beta appear in 13C-n.m.r. spectra, that mass spectra of (EZ)-cyclobilirubins A and B are extremely similar and that, furthermore, thermal interconversion between (EE)- and (EZ)-cyclobilirubins A and B is observed.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1984

[AFP producing stomach cancer--a study of transplanted tumor in nude mice].

AFP producing cancer of the stomach was divided into 2 groups; Group A demonstrated a marked elevation of serum AFP levels before gastrectomy and was positive for AFP by PAP staining; group B showed delayed elevation of AFP levels at recurrence or in the terminal stage. Experimentally, we could establish three cell lines from group A and two lines from group B from transplanted tumor in nude mice. Tumor growth, changes of serum AFP levels and PAP staining investigated in each group. Group A and B were not only thought to exhibit different biological behavior, but also different mechanisms in AFP production. Group A cells may have the ability to secrete high levels of AFP; this may be a property of these tumor cells. On the other hand, group B tumor cells initially have little ability to secrete AFP. However, they may transform into AFP producing cells as a phenomenon of cell differentiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Cell kinetic study of human gastric cancers--using an in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling method].

For the purpose of investigating cell the kinetics of human gastric carcinoma, the distribution of 3H-thymidine labeled cells and the labeling index were evaluated in biopsy specimens obtained from 52 patients with gastric cancer, using an in vitro labeling technique. Adenocarcinomas were scattered with labeled cells, while in carcinoid speciners labeled cells were confined to the periphery of tumor cell nests. Characteristically, small-sized cells were exclusively labeled with 3H-thymidine in signet-ring cell carcinomas but signet-ring cells bearing a large amount of mucin were not. Thus signet-ring cells could be regarded as cells in a differentiated condition which have lost their prolife-rating capability. The labeling index of gastric cancers ranged from 10 to 20% in most cases although it varied greatly from case to case (2.2-40.8%). The values of the labeling index were correlated with neither the degree of histological differentiation, macrascopic appearance nor the depth of mural invasion of carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Autofluorescence of gastric cancer--study by flow cytometry].

Autofluorescence from cancer cells and non-cancerous cells of the stomach was measured by flow cytometry. The number of cells with fluorescence and its intensity was higher in cancer than in the surrounding mucosa. Preliminary results suggest that, if fluorescence emission from non-cellular substances is eliminated, measurement of fluorescence excited by laser illumination would permit earlier detection of gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Triphalangeal thumb and dermatoglyphics.

The dermatoglyphics of nine Japanese (three males and six females) with triphalangeal thumb were studied. The dermal pattern on the triphalangeal thumb showed the high increased frequency of radial loop pattern (69.2%).

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1983

Kinetic study of photochemical and thermal conversion of bilirubin IX alpha and its photoproducts.

A kinetic study of the photochemical and thermal conversion of photoisomers, especialy peaks 0 and 3 [(EE)-bilirubin IX alpha and (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin IX alpha], under anaerobic conditions, was performed by using reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Peaks 0 and 3 are spontaneously, photochemically and thermally converted. Short-term photoirradiation of bilirubin gives a mixture containing not only the geometric isomers (EE)-, (EZ)- and (ZE)-bilirubin IX alpha, but also peak 2, (EZ)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha. On prolonged irradiation, cyclization and 15Z leads to 15E isomerization lead to gradual accumulation of two pairs of photoproducts: (EZ)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha A and B and (EE)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha A and B.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1983

The J wave in accidental hypothermia.

Electrocardiograms of 50 patients with accidental hypothermia were reviewed with regard to the J wave with the following results: (1) J waves were observed in 40 of 50 cases. (2) J waves were recorded most frequently in leads II or V6 (34 of 40 cases, 85%). However, in deep hypothermia, the J wave was often most prominent in leads V3 or V4. (3) The size of the J wave appeared to be related to body temperature. Below 30 degrees C, large J waves were often observed; above 30 degrees C, J waves were usually smaller. (4) J waves were not distinctive in the cases with clockwise rotation. (5) The appearance and the size of the J waves seemed not to be associated with the arterial pH. (6) The J wave decreased in size along with rise of the body temperature. However, a small J wave persisted in many cases even after normothermia was restored. It was also difficult to distinguish these small J waves from small notches at the QRS-ST junction which are sometimes observed in normal individuals not subjected to hypothermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anomalous hands with cleft formation between the fourth and fifth digits.

Three similar cases of cleft hand deformities between the fourth and fifth digits accompanied by hypoplasia of the small finger are reported. After analyses of clinical photographs, radiographs, angiograms, and dermatoglyphic prints of these abnormal hands, it is difficult to fit them into either the ulnar ray deficiency or cleft hand categories of the system of classification adopted by the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of cerebral hypoxia in vivo.

1H NMR spectra at 360.13 MHz were obtained of the rat brain in vivo by using a surface coil placed over the skull. Resonances of numerous metabolites were identified by comparison with the 1H NMR spectra of excised rat brain tissue and acid extracts of the tissue. Changes in cerebral lactate levels resulting from the administration of gas mixtures low in oxygen were monitored in the in vivo brain spectra with a time resolution of 2.3 min. The electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously during the NMR experiment. Reversibility of the hypoxic response was documented when, upon oxygen administration, cerebral lactate returned to its prehypoxic level. These experiments demonstrate the applicability of high-resolution 1H NMR to monitor pathophysiology of brain metabolism in real time.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

39K, 23Na, and 31P NMR studies of ion transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The relationship between efflux and influx of K+, Na+, and intracellular pH (pHin) in yeast cells upon energizing by oxygenation was studied by using the noninvasive technique of 39K, 23Na, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. By introducing an anionic paramagnetic shift reagent, Dy3+(P3O5(-10))2, into the medium, NMR signals of intra- and extracellular K+ and Na+ could be resolved, enabling us to study ion transport processes by NMR. Measurements showed that 40% of the intracellular K+ and Na+ in yeast cells contributed to the NMR intensities. By applying this correction factor, the intracellular ion concentrations were determined to be 130-170 mM K+ and 2.5 mM Na+ for fresh yeast cells. With the aid of a home-built solenoidal coil probe for 39K and a double-tuned probe for 23Na and 31P, we could follow time courses of K+ and Na+ transport and of pHin with a time resolution of 1 min. It was shown that H+ extrusion is correlated with K+ uptake and not with Na+ uptake upon energizing yeast cells by oxygenation. When the cells were deenergized after the aerobic period, K+ efflux, H+ influx, and Na+ influx were calculated to be 1.6, 1.5, and 0.15 mumol/min per ml of cell water, respectively. Therefore, under the present conditions, K+ efflux is balanced by exchange for H+ with an approximate stoichiometry of 1:1.

Aerobiosis↗