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Biomedical subjects

T Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to T Ochiai.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[General pharmacology of 6-amino-2-fluoromethyl-3-(o-tolyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone (afloqualone), a new centrally acting muscle relaxant. I. Effects on the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The general pharmacology of afloqualone, a new centrally acting muscle relaxant, in the CNS was examined in mice and rats and findings compared with those of other central muscle relaxants. Afloqualone showed relatively strong hexobarbital and barbital anesthesia potentiating action. Taking into account the dose ratio of anesthesia potentiating action to the muscle relaxing action, however, the potency of anesthesia potentiating action of afloqualone is lower than that of chlormezanone. At doses producing muscle relaxing action, afloqualone inhibited spontaneous motor activity, methamphetamine-induced hypermotility, pentylenetetrazol-, nicotine-, and maximum electroshock-convulsions, fighting episodes in foot-shocked mice, conditioned avoidance response in rat pole-climbing test, and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome and lowered normal body temperature. The dose ratios of these pharmacological actions to muscle relaxing action of afloqualone, however, were larger than those of chlormezanone and mephenesin. This suggests that the central depressant activity of afloqualone is less potent and the specificity of muscle relaxing action of afloqualone is higher than those of climbing behaviour, physostigmine-induced death, serotonin-induced heat twitch, and reserpine-induced hypothermia, even at 50 mg/kg. Tolperisone showed neither muscle relaxing action nor other central actions when administered orally.

Agonistic Behavior↗
PubMed1981

[General pharmacology of 6-amino-2-fluoromethyl-3-(o-tolyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone (afloqualone), a new centrally acting muscle relaxant. II. Effects on the peripheral system (author's transl)].

The general pharmacology of afloqualone, a new centrally acting muscle relaxant, in the peripheral system, was examined in laboratory animals and findings compared with those of some other central muscle relaxants. Afloqualone dose dependently inhibited respiration, lowered arterial blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and slightly increased femoral and renal arterial blood flow in parallel with hypotension, at doses of 1 or 2 to 20 mg/kg iv. in anesthetized cats. Afloqualone also inhibited cardiac movement in situ in anesthetized rabbits and decreased internal pressure in the urinary bladder in anesthetized cats. In in vitro experiments, afloqualone inhibited spontaneous movements of isolated rabbit atrium and ileum and isolated rat uterus at considerably high concentrations of 10(-6) g/ml or more. Oral administration of afloqualone, however, had no significant influence on respiration, the cardiovascular, digestive, and autonomic nervous systems, and urogenital organs, at doses up to 50 mg/kg except for a comparatively potent inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. Afloqualone induced neither surface nor infiltration anesthesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Comparative blood values of Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis.

Hematological and clinical biochemistry values of two species of monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis) were measured by using auto-analyzers. WBC and RBC counts of M. fascicularis were high and Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC values of M. fascicularis were low in comparison with those of M. mulatta. Albumin and creatinine levels of M. fascicularis were lower than those of M. mulatta. Total protein and A1P values of female M. fascicularis were higher than those of female M. mulatta. Differences between the sexes were observed in MCV, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, albumin and creatinine in M. mulatta, whereas in M. fascicularis, such differences were demonostrated as to creatinine, phospholipids and triglycerides.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Earthworm (Pheretima communissima and Pheretima hilgendorfi) hemoglobins: giant assemblies and subunits.

The molecular architecture of hemoglobins and their subunits of the earthworms Pheretima communissima and Pheretima hilgendorfi was investigated. In both species, their s0.20,w of 60.8 S and D020,w of 1.80 . 10(-7) cm2 . s-1 corresponded to a molecular weight of 3.07 . 10(6). From electron microscopic observations, the overall structure of the hemoglobins was shown to be two superimposed hexagonal discs, each composed of six-membered constituents. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of both hemoglobins revealed the presence of five species of subunits with molecular weights of 13,000-14,000 (subunit 1), 27,000-28,000 (subunit 2), 30,000-31,000 (subunit 3), 33,000-34,000 (subunit 4) and approx. 52,000 (subunit 5), respectively, and the molar ratio of these subunits 1:2, 3, 4:5 was 2:3:3. If we consider this set of the subunits 1 to 5 as one unit, the molecular weight of this unit should be 2.7-2.8 . 10(5). This one unit, therefore, should be considered to represent one-twelfth the whole molecule with molecular weight of 3.07 . 10(6).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies on biologically active halogenated compounds. 1. Synthesis and central nervous system depressant activity of 2-(fluoromethyl)-3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives.

Some 2-(fluoromethyl) analogues of 2-methyl-3-aryl-4-(3H)-quinazolinones have been synthesized and screened for CNS activities. It was shown that the 2-(fluoromethyl) analogues possess in general more potent CNS depressant activities and less toxicities than their parent compounds. Of particular interest were the 2-(fluoromethyl) analogues (22, 24, and 31) of methaqualone and 6-aminomethaqualone. Compound 24 was more potent in CNS depressant activity and less toxic than methaqualone. Compound 31 exhbited potent central muscle relaxing activity and markedly reduced toxicity as compared with 6-aminomethaqualone.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Purification and some properties of two NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases from an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio sp., strain ABE-1.

Two isozymes of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42] were confirmed to be present in an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio sp., strain ABE-1, on the basis of the temperature-activity curve and electrophoretic mobilities. These isozymes were separated and purified about 170-fold for isozyme I (specific activity at 40 degrees C, 24.3 units/mg protein) and about 180-fold for isozyme II (specific activity at 20 degrees C, 59.2 units/mg protein), though the isozymes were still not homogeneous. The molecular weights of these isozymes determined by gel filtration were both about 85,000, but the properties of the isozymes were considerably different from each other. The thermostability of isozyme I resembled those of mesophiles, but isozyme II was extremely labile above 20 degrees C. NaCl affected the ICDH isozymes in different ways; the salt protected isozyme I from heat inactivation, but not isozyme II. Nevertheless it enormously enhanced the activity of isozyme II at low concentrations. Moreover, these ICDH isozymes showed different pH optima, Km values for isocitrate, susceptibilities to concerted inhibition by glyoxylate plus oxalacetate, and effects of 2-mercaptoethanol on their stabilities.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1978

Successful treatment of Nocardia asteroides infection with minocycline in kidney transplant patients.

Two cases of Noca dia asteroides infection were encountered out of 55 kidney transplant patients at Chiba University Hospital. One patient developed an extrapleural abscess and the other had a pulmonary infiltration with chest wall abscess. The patients were successfully treated by surgical drainage of the chest wall abscesses and by oral administration of minocycline. No adverse effects caused by minocycline were observed during the therapy. From 1900, when the first case of Nocardia infection was reported in Japan, there have been 60 cases reported in Japanese literature through 1973, including those we observed. This is the first report on nocardiosis in kidney transplant patients and on successful treatment of nocardiosis with minocycline in Japan.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Improved preparation and cooperative calcium contraction of glycerinated Vorticella.

An improved method for the preparation of glycerinated Vorticella convallaria was investigated. The pretreatment of living vorticellas with a medium containing 0.1% saponins and subsequent treatment with an extraction medium containing 35% glycerol at about 0 degrees C was satisfactory. The equilibrium average length of contractile stalks of glycerinated vorticellas was measured at various free calcium concentrations in the reaction medium. It was found that the contractile element in the spasmoneme of the stalk is contracted by a cooperative interaction involving at least two calcium ions.

Allosteric Regulation↗