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Biomedical subjects

T Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishida.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Development of social grooming between mother and offspring in wild chimpanzees.

Grooming between female chimpanzees and their offspring was studied in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Infants under 2 years of age rarely groomed their mothers, and mostly groomed accessible parts of their mother's bodies, if they did so. Most older adolescents reciprocated grooming with their mothers almost equally. Daughters appeared to mature socially earlier than sons, judging from the earlier ages at which a female infant began to groom her mother, groom mutually with her, and groom others. Weaning infants groomed their mothers more when they were in oestrus than when they were not. Development of the use of grooming as a means of social manoeuvring is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Scanning and transmission electron microscope observations of the terminal segment of the cat seminiferous tubule: epithelial phagocytosis of spermatozoa and latex beads.

The terminal segment of the seminiferous tubule in the testis of the adult domestic cat was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The terminal segment gradually tapers towards the tubulus rectus, while transforming into tall columnar supporting cells termed modified Sertoli cells which protrude into the lumen of the tubulus rectus in the form of a plug. There is no distinct central lumen in the plug, rather, it is a narrow slit-like cleft surrounded by the modified Sertoli cells. The modified Sertoli cells of the plug as well as the cuboidal cells lining the tubulus rectus revealed an active phagocytosis of spermatozoa and even injected inert latex beads. These epithelial cells are thought to act as a protective filtration line for foreign bodies including unwanted spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Localization of fibronectin and actin in cultured rabbit keratocytes.

Migration of activated keratocytes toward the corneal stromal wound is one of the most important processes of successful healing. To understand the motility of keratocytes and the interaction of fibronectin and intracellular actin filaments, we cultured rabbit corneal keratocytes and studied dynamic movements of the cells by time-lapse cinematography. We also examined the changes in the localization of fibronectin and actin using double staining immunofluorescent microscopy. The cultured keratocytes first attached to the substratum in round globular shape and then spread with many extending processes. In the early stage of the cultivation, fibronectin was observed inside the cells. Later, fibronectin was observed outside the cells, suggesting formation of the extracellular matrix. When keratocytes spread, actin was observed as a stress fiber inside the cells. At the edge of the cellular processes, a close interaction between fibronectin and actin was observed. The present results demonstrated that cultured keratocytes had active motility and that there were close interactions between the extracellular fibronectin and intracellular actin filaments. The organization of fibrillar actin filaments (F-actin) might be affected by the binding of extracellular fibronectin to the cell surface receptor for fibronectin.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of gynecological adenocarcinomas with a combination of ifosfamide, adriamycin and cisplatin.

Fourteen evaluable patients with gynecologic adenocarcinoma (7 ovarian, 4 endometrial, 2 peritoneal and one breast cancer) were treated with ifosfamide (1 g/m2 X 5 days), adriamycin (50 mg/m2) and cisplatin (50 mg/m2) combined chemotherapy (IAP). All the patients had measurable disease, and three were refractory cases who had received prior chemotherapy including two CAP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin). To avoid hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide, uroprotective mesna (400 mg/body X 3) was used following ifosfamide infusion. The 5-day schedule of IAP treatment brought a 100% response rate in these patients. Complete responses were observed in 3 patients and lasted 6, 10 and 12 months. Partial responses were achieved in 11 patients including two with CAP refractory ovarian cancer, although the remission in previously treated patients was of short duration. Hematologic side effects of the IAP regimen were severe, showing grade 4 leucopenia in 85.7% of the patients, and it required maximal anti-infection treatments. Mesna resulted in microhematuria in only one patient. Despite high age of the patients (mean age: 60.1 years) in this study, CNS (central nervous system) toxicities associated with ifosfamide and mesna treatment were minimal. The results suggested that the IAP combination therapy was effective and acceptable in the control of gynecological adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A peptide from fibronectin cell-binding domain inhibits attachment of epithelial cells.

Fibronectin is thought to contribute to the adhesion of corneal epithelium during epithelial repair, presumably by mediating epithelial attachment to stroma during epithelial migration. To understand the mechanism of the interaction of fibronectin with corneal epithelial cells, the effects of intact plasma fibronectin and of the synthetic peptide GRGDS from the cell binding domain of fibronectin on the attachment of rabbit corneal epithelial cells have been examined. When dissociated epithelial cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes, the number of cells that attached increased in proportion to the concentration of fibronectin used for coating. Attachment of the cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of GRGDS to the medium. When the structurally similar control peptide GRGES was added to the medium, no inhibition of epithelial attachment was observed. Our results demonstrate that corneal epithelial cells use an adhesive recognition system for fibronectin related to that characterized in fibroblastic cells. GRGDS thus presumably competes for receptors for fibronectin on epithelial cells of the cornea, resulting in the observed inhibition of attachment. These results identify a mechanism for corneal epithelial cell adhesion, compatible with that identified in other fibronectin-dependent systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

The network structure of corneal fibroblasts in the rat as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

The overall morphology of corneal fibroblasts in the rat was examined by scanning electron microscopy after removal of stromal connective tissue elements by tryptic digestion and HCl hydrolysis. Fibroblasts thus exposed were flattened and stellate cells with a diameter of about 10 micron and had a number of ramified cytoplasmic processes. The processes of neighboring fibroblasts contacted with each other to form an extensive and continuous network structure parallel to the plane of collagenous lamellae. The cellular network appears to constitute an integrated system which may be involved in the synchronized regulation of the metabolic and physiologic homeostasis for the maintenance of corneal transparency.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A preliminary study of a combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide, adriamycin and cisplatin for endometrial carcinoma.

Seven patients with uterine endometrial carcinoma received a postoperative combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide (1g/m2) daily for 5 days, and adriamycin (50mg/m2) and cisplatin (50mg/m2) on day 1 (IAP). All except one patient with the disease without myometrial invasion received 5 courses or more of IAP treatment. Of four patients with measurable disease, three achieved complete response (CR) and the other patient obtained partial response (PR), indicating a 100% response rate. In the PR case, the patient had previously been treated by radiation treatment for cervical cancer, and the histology of the tumor was papillary serous adenocarcinoma, a malignant variant of endometrial cancer. Six patients underwent second look operation following the planned IAP treatment courses, and the operation confirmed no pathological evidence of disease in any, although in one disease recurred 7 months after the second laparotomy. Side effects were remarkable, including an 87% incidence of grade 4 leucopenia. However, the patients recovered spontaneously from the hematologic toxicity within 3 weeks of treatment. Other toxic effects including central nervous system toxicity were controllable and acceptable. The results indicated that IAP combination therapy was feasible and promising in the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The uterine vascular system of the golden hamster and its changes during the oestrous cycle.

The vascular pattern of the hamster uterus and its changes during the oestrous cycle were studied by using the corrosion vascular casting method. The vascular system of the hamster uterus has two main division, the circumferential division and the medial arterial division. The former consists of circumferential and radial vessels and supplies the major part of the uterus. In this system the arteries and veins run parallel to each other throughout the uterus except for the inner circumferential plexus to which veins are predominantly distributed. The latter division has a delicate arterial system which supplies the mesometrial are of the endometrium. It forms a conglomerate structure along the mesometrial surface of the circular muscle layer. The arrangement of the vessels, especially those in the circumferential division, evidently changes during the oestrous cycle. From the evening of dioestrus II to the evening of pro-oestrus most of the circumferential and radial vessels are enormously dilated and subepithelial capillaries make an elaborate network without blind endings. These changes in the vascular structure are associated with those in the external and internal (or luminal) aspects of the uterus: the uterine horns are markedly swollen and the luminal surface becomes much more irregular due to the indentations in the endometrium. No new vascular formation is found in the uterus throughout the four days cycle.

Animals↗