The susceptibility of analbuminemic rats (Nagase analbuminemic rats; NAR) to induction of bladder cancer by oral N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) was studied. Male NAR and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) were fed normal diet or normal diet supplemented with 0.2% FANFT for 10 weeks and killed in week 52. Bladder cancer was found in 5 of 24 SD (21%) but not in 18 NAR (0%). Proliferative lesions of the bladder epithelium, which are considered to be precancerous or more advanced than precancerous changes, were found in 16 of 24 SD (67%), but in only 4 of 18 NAR (22%). NAR showed lower susceptibility than control SD to induction of bladder cancer by FANFT.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Effects of UFT in advanced renal cell cancer].

Clinical trials of UFT have been conducted on patients with far-advanced renal cell cancer with distant metastasis. All patients had evaluable lesions which had shown no change or progressive disease under prior therapy. Five of these cases had received Interferon as prior therapy. Thus far, the antitumor effects of the drug were evaluated in 8 cases according to the criteria proposed by the Koyama-Saito group. Partial response was obtained in 3 of 8 patients (37.5%). Two patients showed no change and three patients showed progressive disease UFT caused anemia and diarrhea in each of patients. To measure the 5-FU level in the tumor and normal kidney tissues UFT was administered at 600 mg per day on the day before radical nephrectomy in 2 patients, who had received embolization therapy of the renal artery prior to surgery. The 5-FU level was higher in tumor and normal kidney tissues than in serum, but there was no significant difference between tumor and normal kidney tissues. The embolization therapy of the renal artery may have been responsible for this result. UFT is one of the most useful drugs for the treatment of renal cell cancer.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1985

Correlation of results of agglutination assays with concanavalin A and carcinogenesis experiments on promoters of bladder cancer.

The promoting effects of various chemicals and dietary constituents on bladder carcinogenesis were examined by means of a short-term assay, in which maintenance of concanavalin A agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells caused by a subcarcinogenic dose of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was used as an indicator. Twenty-seven chemicals were examined as possible promoters. Positive results in this assay were consistent with established promoting effects in the cases of sodium saccharin, saccharin, sodium L-ascorbate, sodium cyclamate, DL-tryptophan, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, L-thioproline and phenacetin. Allopurinol was the only established promoter that gave negative results in the agglutination assay. Thus, this method is useful for rapid evaluation of the specific promoting effect of a chemical on bladder carcinogenesis.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1985

[Phase I trial of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin (THP)--a multi-institutional cooperative study].

A phase I trial of a new anthracycline derivative, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin (THP), was conducted in 54 patients with various advanced solid tumors and malignant lymphomas. Starting dose was 5 mg/m2 i.v. and dose escalations were made by a modified Fibonacci search scheme. There were 40 evaluable courses. The dose-limiting toxic effect was leukopenia which was dose-related and reversible. The maximum tolerated dose for a single i.v. injection was estimated to be 55 mg/m2. The median nadir day for leukopenia was day 12 with recovery occurring 13 days (median) after reaching the nadir. Thrombocytopenia was less commonly observed than leukopenia. Other toxic effects were mild gastrointestinal disturbances, fever and general malaise. Ventricular extrasystole was observed in a case of pancreatic cancer who received 5 mg/m2 of the drug. There were no cases with alopecia, or with hepatic or renal dysfunction. With regard to objective tumor response, CR was observed in 2 cases with NHL, and MR in 2 cases with lung cancer, and 1 case each with breast cancer and NHL. Response occurred at a dose of more than 35 mg/m2. The recommended dose schedule for phase II trial is 35-45 mg/m2 by single i.v. injection at 3-4-week intervals.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

[Clinical statistics on testicular tumors in the Japanese during the 1970's].

A statistical analysis was made by computer on 511 cases of testicular tumor experienced at 14 facilities in Japan between 1970 and 1979. The age distribution of the patients had two peaks, one under 3 years (15%) and the other between 25 and 34 years (32%). Forty percent of the patients were office workers and 76% were college graduates. Fifty percent of the patients had 0 to 1 sibs. The blood type distribution was similar to that for the whole Japanese population. Six percent of the patients had a past history of trauma, and no relation with cell type was detected. Sixty nine percent of the patients were married and 31% were not married. Sixty seven percent of the patients over 30 had seminoma, and 78% of the patients under 29 years old had non-seminoma. Seminoma was rare in patients under 9 years old. Histologically, 75% were simple type, and 25% were mixed type. Forty three percent of the cases were seminoma and 57% were non-seminoma. Of the stage I cases, 78% and 57%, and of the stage III cases 7 and 28%, respectively, were seminoma and non-seminoma, many of the non-seminoma being at high stage. The 5-year survival rate for the 75 patients under 9 years old was 96%, and that for the 341 patients over 15 years was 70%, the survival rate for the patients under 9 years being significantly higher. The 5-year survival rate for stage I, II and III seminoma was 100, 65 and 0%, respectively, while that for non-seminoma was 93, 56 and 8%, respectively. The survival rate for stage I was higher for seminoma cases than for non-seminoma cases. No difference was detected between survival rate for stage II or III between seminoma and non-seminoma. The survival rate for seminoma did not differ with the time when the surgery was performed, but for the patients with non-seminomatous tumors, the survival rate was higher for the patients operated within one month than those operated later. The survival rate was not related to the weight of the extracted testicle. The 5-year survival rate for the patients with normal body temperature was 78% whereas that for the patients who had fevers was 32%. The 5-year survival rate for the patients not accompanied by abdominal tumors was about 80%, whereas that for the patients with palpated abdominal tumors was 42%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Effects of intravesical instillation of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents on bladder carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine.

The effects of intravesical instillation of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (ADR), and mitomycin C (MMC), as inhibitors of development of rat bladder tumors, were examined in rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN). Intravesical instillation of ADR or MMC once a week for 12 weeks into rats pretreated with BBN for 4 weeks markedly enhanced development of bladder tumors. That is, one week after the end of intravesical instillation of these compounds the incidence of papillary or nodular hyperplasias, namely preneoplastic lesions, was significantly increased, and at the end of the experiment the incidence of not only papillary or nodular hyperplasias but also of papillomas and cancers was significantly increased. These results indicate that the intravesical instillation of ADR or MMC promotes two-stage bladder carcinogenesis in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

A morphometric study on the ultrastructure of well-differentiated tumours and inflammatory mucosa of the human urinary bladder.

Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were performed on well-differentiated tumours and chronic cystitis in the human urinary bladder. SEM showed that the pleomorphic microvilli were present not only on the luminal surface of the tumour but also on the surface of inflammatory mucosa. The ultrastructure of six tumours and 5 cases of chronic cystitis was evaluated morphometrically. Bladder tumour and inflammatory mucosa were divided into several layers, namely outermost cells (S), subsurface cells just beneath these (S1), subsurface cells of 2 or 3 layers below (S23), intermediate cells of 2 or 3 layers above the basal cells (I23), intermediate cells just above the basal cells (I1) and basal cells (Ba). Areas of nucleus, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, numbers of nucleoli, nuclear bodies, mitochondria and lysosomes together with irregularity of the cell and nucleus were estimated according to the methods of Weibel. A multivariate analysis of variance on these variables showed that the above subdivision of layers was necessary for the comparison of tumour and inflammation. Discriminant analysis showed various differences between tumour and inflammatory mucosa. The results indicated that the Ba layer is the most effective site for differentiating the tumour from inflammation. Ba cells with large and irregular cytoplasm with an enlarged Golgi area, accompanied by many vacuolar structures, may be indicative of tumour rather than inflammation.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1984

Pheochromocytoma with remission following phentolamine-induced shock.

A case of pheochromocytoma with spontaneous remission after recovery from shock induced by the phentolamine test is presented. Most of the surgically resected tumor demonstrated extensive necrosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1984

Electromyography of the external urethral sphincter in patients with prostatic hyperplasia.

We analyzed quantitatively the action potential of external urethral sphincter muscles by electromyography in 9 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and in 13 patients without micturition disturbances. In patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia the motor unit potentials had a mean amplitude of 290 plus or minus 40 microV., duration 5.0 plus or minus 0.1 msec. and phases 3.9 plus or minus 0.1. The control group values were 310 plus or minus 20 microV., 5.5 plus or minus 0.1 msec. and 3.8 plus or minus 0.1, respectively. There was a significant difference in duration, which was probably due to the difference in age of the 2 groups. An inverse relationship between age and duration was proved in the patients examined.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1984

Unilateral and segmental medullary sponge kidney: renal function and calcium excretion.

The renal acidification defect and renal hypercalciuria have been reported in patients with pan-renal and bilateral medullary sponge kidney. However, little is known about patients with unilateral or segmentally affected medullary sponge kidney. We report 2 cases of partially affected medullary sponge kidney with normal acidification ability and normal urinary calcium excretion, although the ability to concentrate urine was diminished. These findings suggest that in patients with partially affected medullary sponge kidney nephrolithiasis is not the consequence of renal hypercalciuria induced by systemic acidosis but is owing to the urinary stasis caused by cystic dilatation of the terminal collecting duct.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Medullary sponge kidney and renal acidification defect.

Medullary sponge kidney ( MSK ) is one of the entities which comprises a subclass of renal cystic disorders. While the clinical signs, symptoms, and radiological findings have been well documented in the past, the literature concerning renal function in these patients is relatively sparse. Thus, the purpose of the present studies was to examine the renal function in 11 patients with MSK and compare them to seven healthy volunteers and ten control patients with bilateral renal stones. Patients with MSK had normal GFR, RPF, and capacity to dilute urine; however, their urine concentrating ability was diminished. Urine pH in MSK patients was higher than in control patients with NH4Cl administration, while titratable acid excretion was lower than normal. Steady-state plasma bicarbonate concentration was lower in MSK patients than in controls but arterial pH was within normal limits. These studies suggest that MSK patients have defects in urinary acidification and concentration mechanism which may, in part, be the result of functional abnormality of the terminal collecting ducts.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1984

Circulating immune complexes in patients with bladder cancer and other malignancies of the urogenital tract.

Sera from 70 patients with bladder cancer, 26 patients with kidney cancer, and 20 patients with prostate cancer were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) utilizing the human red blood cell (HRBC) radioimmunoassay. Elevated CIC levels were found in 32% of patients with bladder cancer, 30% of patients with kidney cancer, and 20% of patients with prostate cancer. For comparison, CIC was also measured in 37 sera from patients with bladder cancer by the polyethylene glycol precipitation complement consumption (PEG-CC) test. 13 of them (35%) had elevated CIC levels. The correlation between the results of the two tests was significant. There were significant correlations between CIC levels and the extent of tumor invasion and the degree of malignancy in patients with bladder cancer. The elevation of CIC level was also significantly associated with poor prognosis of these bladder cancer patients. It is proposed that measurement of CIC in patients with bladder cancer by the HRBC radioimmunoassay may be useful to evaluate their stage, degree of malignancy, and prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Relationship between postoperative blood pressure change and renal pathophysiology in primary aldosteronism.

32 patients with primary aldosteronism due to adrenal adenoma were studied to elucidate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and renal functions before and after the removal of aldosteronoma. The relationship between either BP or renal functions and the structural changes of the renal biopsy specimens obtained at the operation was also examined. Renal function studies included serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatinine clearance (Ccr), phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test, and urine concentration test (max SG). Renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow, and filtration fraction (FF) were measured. Serum sodium was significantly decreased and potassium was increased after the removal of the aldosteronomas. The levels of BUN, Ccr, PSP, and max SG were not significantly correlated to either pre- or postoperative BP levels, and to the improvement of hypertension after the operation. On the other hand, BP was significantly correlated with RPF and FF before surgery. Furthermore, the postoperative improvement of hypertension was correlated with the decrease of FF and the increase of hematocrit after surgery. The influence of duration of preoperative hypertension on BP response after adrenalectomy was not significant in the present study. The higher the BP level, the more marked histological changes were found. But, there was no relationship between renal functions and histological changes of renal biopsy specimens. The results indicate that RPF may participate in the hypertension of primary aldosteronism and that the BP level after surgery may be predicted by examination of the pathological changes present in the kidney.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1984

Childbirth in true hermaphrodite.

14-year-old Japanese girl with a 46,XX karyotype underwent an exploratory laparotomy for signs of virilization. The left ovary and other pelvic organs were of female type. The right gonad was found to be an ovotestis which was removed. At age of 25, the patient gave birth to a normal male infant by full-term, vaginal delivery. In the literature, this is the third case of normal delivery in 7 true hermaphrodites with pregnancy and childbirth.

Adult↗