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Biomedical subjects

T Nemoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Nemoto.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of estrogen and progesterone on cellular replication of human breast tumors.

A total of 54 infiltrating carcinomas of the breast were studied for estrogen receptor concentration in the tumor cytosol and thymidine-labeling indexes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the level of thymidine-labeling index between 22 primary and 32 metastatic breast cancers. No significant association between the levels of thymidine-labeling index and the presence or absence of estrogen receptors was observed. The effect of "physiological" doses of estrogen and progesterone on cell proliferative activity was studied by the level of thymidine-labeling indexes in the tumor cells in 10 patients with multiple skin and s.c. metastases. Tumor biopsies were performed for labeling indexes both before and after hormonal treatment. The results showed that physiological doses of estrogen and progesterone induced a significant rise in thymidine-labeling index within 3 days after hormonal treatment in seven of the 10 tumors. Of the seven tumors that showed a rise in thymidine-labeling index, three were estrogen receptor positive and four were estrogen receptor negative. Of the three nonresponsive tumors, one was estrogen receptor positive and two were estrogen receptor negative. The study suggests that estrogen and progesterone can induce cell replication in both estrogen receptor-positive and -negative tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Axillary lymph node metastasis from an occult breast cancer.

Twenty-nine cases were reviewed in which carcinoma manifested first as the enlargement of an axillary node from an occult breast carcinoma. A small hidden breast cancer was identified in 16 patients. In the remaining 13, the breast tumor was never discovered. Regardless of whether the primary tumors were discovered, the metastasis-free survival rates were comparable to those of patients with breast carcinoma with axillary nodal metastasis. The authors recommend that carcinoma found in an axillary node should be treated as a breast cancer, even in the absence of the breast tumor. Extensive investigative procedures in an attempt to uncover an extramammary primary site were largely unproductive and should either be omitted or performed selectively. Mammography, if positive or suspicious, can lead to the primary tumor in 75% of the patients, but, when negative, it does not necessarily exclude the breast as the source of the carcinoma. A carcinoma of the breast was found by pathologic examination in 44% of the patients with negative mammograms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Isolation, characterization and clinical evaluation of a pancreas cancer-associated antigen.

A pancreas cancer-associated antigen (PCAA) was identified and isolated from ascites fluid of human pancreatic cancer. Purified PCAA was homogeneous as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PCAA was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000,000 and consisted of 20% carbohydrates and 80% peptides, had an isoelectric point of 4.7, and migrated to alpha 2-beta region. It possessed a sedimentation coefficient of 14S and appeared to be a fibrous or fibroglobular protein. Immunoreactivity of PCAA was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, perchloric acid, KSCN, glycine-HCl at pH 2.5, urea and lithium diiodosalicylate; and insensitive to neuraminidase or beta-glucosidase. Immunohistochemical technique revealed that PCAA was located in the cytoplasm of ductal epithelial cells of malignant pancreas. Using heteroantiserum raised against purified PCAA, horseradish peroxidase and CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for circulating PCAA has been developed. From a group of 40 healthy blood donors, an upper limit of 16.2 micrograms of PCAA/ml of serum has been tentatively determined. An elevated PCAA was shown in 67% (29/43) of patients with pancreas cancer, as well as in 30% (11/36) of lung cancer patients, 27% (10/37) of colonic cancer patients, and in 16% (6/36) of breast cancer patients. The reactive antigen in sera of these cancers was shown to be immunologically identical. PCAA also was detected in extracts of various human tissues, particularly pancreatic tumors, colonic tumors, and in a normal colon. Further, PCAA exhibited heterogeneity in molecular weight, isoelectric point, and electrophoretic mobility.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of a community program to promote early breast cancer detection.

There are no known means of preventing breast cancer, and efforts to control the disease must be directed toward early detection and improved treatment. To assist in achieving this, we developed a two-tier educational program aimed at educating women regarding breast cancer facts and the proper performance of breast self-examination (BSE). Educational efforts are first directed at nurses who are then encouraged to transmit this information to women and their partners in the community. The program combines a lecture and demonstration with more informal small group discussions that allow for individual demonstrations of the technique of BSE. Follow-up of both nurse and lay participants by means of telephone interviews has shown that women can be motivated to practice BSE, and be made aware of proper techniques.

Breast↗
PubMed1981

Prolactin binding by human mammary carcinoma: relationship to estrogen receptor protein concentration and patient age.

Biopsy specimens of 55 human mammary carcinomas (38 primary and 17 metastatic) were assayed for prolactin receptors (PrlR). Prolactin bound specifically to 32 (58%) of the tumor biopsy specimens. The apparent Kd for PrlR in individual tumors ranged from 15 pM to 2.3 nM (mean 600 pM, n = 5) and the concentration of PrlR ranged from 0 to 44.5 fmoles/mg protein. Estrogen receptors (ERP) were also detected in 28 of the 32 tumors which had PrlR. Overall, there was no correlation between PrlR and ERP. However, the mean concentration of PrlR was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in tumors with 6-100 fmoles/mg protein ERP (approximately 13 fmoles PrlR) than in tumors with either less than 6 or greater than 250 fmoles ERP (4.0 +/- 0.4 and 6.5 +/- 1.8 respectively fmoles PrlR). Analysis of PrlR concentration as a function of patient age also showed no overall correlation, but the mean PrlR in tumors from women aged 60-70 was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in those from either younger or older women. A higher concentration of PrlR was observed in tumors which were classified histologically as medium or well differentiated (6.1 +/- 1.2 and 11.1 +/- 2.1, respectively) than in those classified as poorly differentiated (3.3 +/- 1.2) (p less than 0.03). There was a negative correlation between PrlR concentration and membrane yield from the tumors (r = 0.43, p less than 0.02). The membrane yield correlated with the ratio of tumor cells to stroma (histologically) (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001). In tumors from 12 patients with metastatic disease on whom follow up after endocrine-related therapy was available, the mean PrlR concentration was significantly higher in the non-responding group (8.2 +/- 3.0) than in the responding group (3.4 +/- 4.2, p = 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in internal medicine, with special reference to infectious disease associated with hematological disorders (author's transl)].

Clinical evaluation of cefotiam (panspolin), a new cephem antibiotics, was performed in the infectious disease associated with hematological disorders and in the respiratory system. In hematological dis orders, 40% of good and 25% of fair results were obtained in clinical effects. In respiratory infections, however, 92% of good results were obtained. Opportunistic infection due to Gram-negative bacilli are often experienced in patients with leukemia. Since cefotiam has sufficient bacteriocidal effects in broad spectrum, it would be a good therapeutic agent against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Detection of a breast tissue-associated antigen by antiserum to Raji cell-bound circulating immune complexes of human breast cancer.

Rabbits tolerant to human immunoglobulin G were used to raise antisera against the Raji cell-bound circulating immune complexes from human breast cancer sera. After solid-phase adsorption treatment with glutaraldehyde-cross-linked normal human plasma, acetone-extracted normal liver tissue powder, and glutaraldehyde-fixed Raji cells, one antiserum reacted specifically with breast tissue extracts but not with extracts of other tissues, as examined by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique. Immunological reactivity of the treated antiserum was removed by incubation with normal, primary, or metastatic breast tumor tissue extracts. Incubation with normal human serum or extracts derived from tissues other than the breast showed no neutralizing effect on the antibodies. This specific antiserum reagent was used in a modification of the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Raji cells were incubated with sera from cancer patients or normal controls and then reacted with 125I-labeled F(ab')2 fraction of the treated antiserum reagent. The amount of 125I-F(ab')2 bound was then determined. Although all sera exhibited elevated circulating immune complexes by the conventional Raji cell radioimmunoassay, 14 of 18 breast carcinoma sera demonstrated a significant uptake when compared with the normal population group as opposed to five (three lung and two colon) of 29 other cancer sera examined (p less than 0.001). An immunologically reactive breast tissue-associated antigen, purified from malignant breast tumor or normal breast tissue extracts with the use of antiserum reagent, exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI value of 4.9 +/- 0.2. These results demonstrated that a breast tissue-associated antigen rather than a breast tumor-associated neoantigen, was involved in circulating immune complexes of breast cancer patients as detected by Raji cell immunoassay. It also implied the occurrence of disease-related autoimmunity in human breast cancer.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Recovery of immunologically reactive antibodies and antigens from breast cancer immune complexes by preparative isoelectric focusing.

A new technique for the recovery of immunologically reactive antibodies and putative antigens from breast cancer-associated immune complexes was described. Soluble immune complexes were isolated from extracellular fluids by 2.5% polyethylene glycol fractionation and affinity chromatography on Protein A:Sepharose CL-4B. The immune complexes bound to immobilized Protein A were then subjected to preparative isoelectric focusing. The dissociated immunoglobulins and putative antigens were recovered from the appropriate pH regions of the preparative isoelectric focusing gel. G-type immunoglobulins recovered from immune complexes isolated from a breast cancer patient bound to the recovered putative antigen(s) and three breast cancer cell culture lines, but these immunoglobulins did not bind to carcinoembryonic antigen or other cancer cell culture lines originating in colon, pancreas, prostate, or lymphoblast. The recovered putative antigens had isoelectric points between pH 3.0 and 5.0 and molecular weights of 20,000 and 42,000.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Steroid receptors and response to endocrine ablations in women with metastatic cancer of the breast.

Estrogen receptors in breast tumors were assayed in 55 premenopausal women undergoing bilateral oophorectomy and in 120 postmenopausal women undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The data show that 20 (60%) of the 32 patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors had objective remission after oophorectomy, and 44 (51%) of the 87 patients with ER+ tumors responded to adrenalectomy. In contrast, of those patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors, only 3% had an objective remission following oophorectomy and 9% following adrenalectomy. It is concluded that major endocrine ablative procedures are not justified in patients with ER- tumors. The data also conclusively demonstrate the significance of 4S receptors in predicting the response to endocrine therapy. In this study, it was found that although the response rate to endocrine ablation was substantially higher (71-83%) in patients whose tumors contained both estradiol and progesterone receptors, between 50 and 60% of ER+ tumors lacking progesterone receptors had objective remission after endocrine ablative therapy.

Adrenalectomy↗