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Biomedical subjects

T Negoro

Publications and source records attributed to T Negoro.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Epileptic nystagmus associated with typical absence seizures.

A 10-year-old girl was reported who showed horizontal nystagmus in association with typical absence and 3-cycles/s generalized, bisynchronous spike-and-wave discharges. In view of the general concept that epileptic nystagmus is a manifestation of partial seizures, the occurrence of such an association deserves documentation.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Subclinical delta status in the newborn--an unfavorable prognostic sign.

A hitherto undescribed, unusual EEG abnormality invariably associated with a poor prognosis was reported and was called subclinical delta status. It consisted of continuous discharges of high voltage monomorphic or polymorphic delta activity occurring diffusely but often asynchronously in all leads, without sleep cycles. These discharges when monomorphic may be confused with respiratory artefacts, and when polymorphic they may be mistaken for part of the background activity. Four neonates with this abnormality all had intracranial bleeding and were mechanically ventilated because of frequent apneic attacks. Staring or deviation of the eyes was frequently observed during the EEG recording. A small dose of intravenous diazepam temporarily abolished this activity. Three infants died and the other survived with neurological sequelae.

Delta Rhythm↗
PubMed1983

REM sleep prevents sudden infant death syndrome.

Near-miss events were observed to occur in indeterminate sleep in a preterm infant reaching term at 6 weeks after birth. Moreover, prolonged sleep apnea and periodic respiration were frequently encountered in non-REM sleep. In view of the observation that pathologic sleep apnea occurs in non-REM sleep and the apparently contradictory findings of respiratory depression and more frequent apneas during REM sleep, apneic episodes during REM sleep were analysed in relation to phasic REM events. The frequent occurrence of respiratory pauses in REM burst-free periods of REM sleep suggests that tonic REM mechanisms inhibit respiratory neurons, while phasic REM mechanisms are facilitatory and protect an infant from prolonged sleep apnea.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Serial changes of cranial computerized tomographic findings in Wilson disease during D-penicillamine therapy.

Serial changes of cranial CT findings were studied in three siblings with Wilson disease during the course of D-penicillamine therapy. The older two cases with neurological presentation revealed low density areas in the region of the basal ganglia on the CT scans performed before treatment. Mild cortical atrophy and mild enlargement of the lateral and the third ventricles were also observed. The chelating therapy resulted in a considerable improvement of neurological symptoms and disappearance of Kayser-Fleischer rings. The low density areas of the basal ganglia disappeared. However, cortical atrophy and an enlargement of the ventricles were still present. In an asymptomatic girl, the cranial CT scans remained normal after chelating therapy. The cranial CT scan is considered to be of great use both in diagnosis and observation of the clinical course in Wilson disease, and it is also of prognostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prognostic factors of convulsive disorders in the first year of life.

Prognostic factors for mental and physical development and seizure control were investigated in 194 patients with convulsive disorders in the first year of life, excluding infantile spasms, neonatal convulsions and occasional convulsions. Thirty-three patients with febrile convulsions were included in the study. All patients were followed up to age six or older. The cases were subdivided into five etiologic groups; prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, doubtful and cryptogenic. Those with delayed development before the onset of seizures, or neurological abnormalities at the first visit had significantly less chance of being seizure-free and attaining normal mental and physical development. The prognosis for seizures and mental and physical development was much better in the patients with brief, symmetric, generalized tonic and/or clonic convulsions. This was also true with cryptogenic cases. There was a significant correlation between the initial EEGs and the long-term prognosis for mental and physical development and seizure control. Normal EEG was associated with a good prognosis. From these data, the neurodevelopmental status before the onset, the clinical features of convulsions and EEG findings in the infantile period were demonstrated to be important prognostic factors in addition to etiology.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1983

Etiologic factors and long-term prognosis of convulsive disorders in the first year of life.

Etiological factors and long-term prognosis were studied in 562 cases with convulsive disorders in the first year of life; 114 (20.3%) were prenatal, 114 (20.3%) perinatal, 24 (4.3%) postnatal, and 257 cases (45.7%) were cryptogenic. The remaining 53 (9.4%) patients were doubtful cases. The mortality before six years of age of the pre- and perinatal cases at 17.6% and 15.7%, respectively was significantly higher than in the other etiologic groups. The incidence of a family history of epilepsy or other convulsive disorders was highest in the cryptogenic cases (23.5%), and lowest in the prenatal cases (10.4%) (p less than 0.05). The onset of seizures was very early in the pre- and perinatal groups and they decreased in number after four months of age, whereas cryptogenic cases increased after four months of age. With regard to the seizure types in the first year of life, infantile spasms occurred most frequently as the initial seizures in the prenatal (62.8%) and doubtful (50.9%) group, and generalized motor seizures in the cryptogenic (78.8%) group. The prognosis of seizures and mental and physical development was much better in cryptogenic cases. More than 80% of cases with cryptogenic etiology became seizure-free, mentally and physically normal, whereas in other etiologic groups the rate was much lower.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Long-term prognosis of convulsive disorders in the first year of life: mental and physical development and seizure persistence.

A follow-up study was made on 304 children (164 boys, 140 girls) with convulsive disorders, excluding occasional convulsions, in the first year of life. All patients except 45 who died were followed until 6 years of age or older. At the final follow-up, the subjects were divided into six groups according to the degree of mental and physical development (groups I-VI). Seizures were regarded as absent if the patient had been seizure free for more than 3 years. At the final follow-up, seizures had ceased in 57.7%, and 43.4% had normal mental and physical development (group I). As to the initial diagnosis, the percentage of group I at the final follow-up was 81.8% with febrile convulsions and 37.6% with epilepsy. In patients without seizures it was 69.7% with febrile convulsions and 55.8% with epilepsy. Some 80.6% of patients with unclassified generalized motor seizures, 11.5% of those with infantile spasms, 2.9% of those with secondary generalized epilepsy other than infantile spasms, 46.4% of those with partial seizures, and 25.0% of those with hemiconvulsive seizures were finally placed in group I. The percentage of patients without seizures was 81.4, 33.0, 34.4, 57.7, and 100%, respectively. As has been suggested, among the first-year epilepsies, a subgroup with a more favorable prognosis may exist. Further studies regarding the etiology, ictal EEGs, and effectiveness of treatment and long-term prognosis of these cryptogenic benign infantile convulsions are needed to provide a firm basis for understanding convulsive disorders in the first year of life.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Seizures with apnea in children.

Five children who had apneic attacks as a manifestation of epileptic seizures are reported. In three children, the apneic attacks were the sole symptom of epileptic fits. The other two children had additional types of seizures. The apneic seizures usually lasted one to two minutes and were characterized by respiratory embarrassment rather than complete arrest. These seizures are usually accompanied by cyanosis which appears early during the course of the attack. Although consciousness seemed to be impaired, this was difficult to assess accurately in infants. The ictal EEGs disclosed paroxysmal discharges of focal onset in all cases, consisting of high amplitude theta-waves, gradually mixed with or replaced by sharp waves or spikes in some and fast waves followed by slower waves in others. These occurred in temporal areas in three patients and in frontal and central areas in one patient each. Interictal EEGs, however, revealed paroxysmal discharges in only one patient. Apneic attacks in these infants are considered to be an integral part of the manifestations of complex partial seizures originating mostly in the limbic system.

Apnea↗