The removal of a stone from an ileal conduit using a balloon catheter.
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Catheterization↗
Biomedical subjects
T Nakada
Publications and source records attributed to T Nakada.
Rôle of ear piercing in metal allergic contact dermatitis.
To evaluate the effect of ear piercing on sensitization to gold and other metals, diagnostic patch testing with 18 metals was performed. 377 patients (65 men and 312 women, ranging in age from 15 to 78 years; mean 34.2, S.D +/- 15.1 years) were patch tested; 107 had pierced earlobes. Metals were applied on the back for 2 days, and the results read with the ICDRG scoring system 3 days after application. Reactions of + to +3 were regarded as positive. There were significantly more patients reacting to gold chloride (p < 0.001), mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate (p < 0.05) in patients with pierced ears than in those without. Statistical issues included: (i) a significant number of patients with pierced ears referred because of earring dermatitis; (ii) those with pierced ears represented a different age group from those without; (iii) a significant number of patients without eczema in the non-pierced ear group. However, our data suggests that ear piercing is a risk factor not only for nickel but also for gold sensitization. Gold was the second most frequent metal allergen after nickel in the pierced group.
Adolescent↗
Patch test materials for mercury allergic contact dermatitis.
The objective of this study was to define adequate patch test materials to evaluate mercury allergic contact dermatitis. We applied 0.1% and 0.05% mercuric chloride, and 0.5% and 0.2% mercury in petrolatum to systemic eczematous contact-type dermatitis (baboon syndrome), and gold-dermatitis patients. All baboon-syndrome patients reacted not only to mercuric chloride but also to metallic mercury. In gold-dermatitis patients, significantly more patients reacted to mercuric chloride than to metallic mercury (21 of 35, 60%, versus 2 of 19, 10.5%, p < 0.0005). We speculated that sensitization to mercury may be of 2 types: one a reaction to ionized mercury only, the other to both ionized mercury and non-ionized mercury. The possibility that the phenomenon is caused by differences in bioavailability or percutaneous penetration between ionized and non-ionized mercury cannot be ruled out, but could be explored by penetration measurement. For the evaluation of mercury hypersensitivity, it may be more reliable to apply both ionized and non-ionized mercury, rather than only mercuric chloride or ammoniated mercury.
Adult↗
Ice water test in patients with overactive bladder due to cerebrovascular accidents and bladder outlet obstruction.
To investigate the factors which influence the results of the ice-water test (IWT) in patients with cerebrovascular accidents or infravesical obstruction, IWT was performed on these patients with urge urinary incontinence. Thirty-two patients with cerebrovascular lesions (group 1) and 16 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (group 2) who demonstrated overactive detrusor function on cystometry were evaluated. Ice-chilled sterile saline was infused into the empty bladder through a balloon catheter, and detrusor pressure was simultaneously recorded. Twenty of the 32 patients (62.5%) in group 1 showed positive IWT. In the positive IWT group, threshold volume at involuntary detrusor contraction was significantly lower than that of the negative IWT group (p < 0.05). The incidence of a positive IWT appeared to be higher in patients with pontine lesions than in those with multiple cerebral infarctions. In group 2 IWT was only positive in 1 patient (6.3%). The location of cerebral lesion and the threshold volume at mechanoreceptor-induced involuntary detrusor contraction appeared to influence the results of the IWT.
Administration, Intravesical↗
Pure silicate fragment in a recurrent stone former of calcium oxalate.
Long-time oral intake of magnesium-silicate-containing drugs is thought to be a causative factor inducing silicate urolithiasis. Besides, magnesium seems to play an anti-urolithogenic part in the formation of calcium oxalate stones. We report a recurrent calcium oxalate former who had been treated with magnesium aluminometasilicate antacid for gastric ulcer for approximately 17 years. One of the fragments found during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was identified as 100% silicate. Deposition of silica was also found on other fragments. A large dose of magnesium (given in a part of the drug) might have little influence on the formation of calcium oxalate.
Aluminum Compounds↗
Adrenal myelolipoma with abdominal pain.
We report a case of adrenal myelolipoma with abdominal pain. Preoperative diagnosis was correctly made by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We have reviewed the literature and discuss the contribution of modern imaging techniques to the diagnosis of this tumor.
Abdominal Pain↗
Adrenocorticotropin-independent bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia presenting as pre-Cushing's syndrome.
We report a man with pre-Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. Plasma ACTH was low and urinary 17-OHCS was not suppressed by a high dose of dexamethasone (8 mg), but plasma cortisol was responsive to exogenous ACTH. The adrenal glands were enlarged and contained multiple nodules composed of large clear cells and small compact cells. The steroid levels in the adrenal glands were lower than those in overt Cushing's syndrome due to the adrenocortical adenoma. This suggests that the tumor produces insufficient amounts of active hormones to have a clinical effect.
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
Hemangioma of the bladder with extravesical extension.
Bladder hemangioma is a rare benign tumor occurring in any age group. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman having a bladder hemangioma. On cystoscopic examination no typical features of the bladder hemangioma were found. Biopsy of the lesion revealed a cavernous hemangioma. A partial cystectomy was performed for the control of macroscopic hematuria.
Aged↗
Correlations between parameters in pressure-flow analysis and histological compositions in prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
To investigate whether the differences in histological composition would be responsible for the grade of bladder outlet obstruction evaluated by pressure-flow (P-F) study and that increase in some histological components would result in increased degree of the obstruction, we evaluated relationships between morphometic data and results of P-F study. All prostate specimens with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), obtained from 18 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate, were analyzed by quantitative morphometry. Preoperatively each patient underwent P-F study. Stroma comprised the greater part of prostate (73%). Of all histological elements, fibrous tissue was the largest (48%). The relative and total volume of respective components showed no correlationships with parameters in P-F study. The differences in tissue composition did not affect the outcome of urodynamics. This result was the same even in a smooth muscle-rich subgroup. Also, in view of how small or large fibrous tissue and glandular elements were, no significant correlationships could be pointed out. The degree of infravesical obstruction and the outcome of P-F study cannot be explained by histological composition alone.
Aged↗
Synthesis by an alpha-glucosidase of glycosyl-trehaloses with an isomaltosyl residue.
Glycosyl-trehaloses with an isomaltosyl residue were synthesized by alpha-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger by using maltotetraose as a glucosyl donor and trehalose as the acceptor. The one trisaccharide and two tetrasaccharides formed were isolated by successive column chromatography. The results of an enzymatic digestion, methylation analysis, and 13C-NMR studies indicated that these oligosaccharides were alpha-isomaltosyl alpha-glucoside, alpha-isomaltotriosyl alpha-glucoside and alpha-isomaltoside. These oligosaccharides were not fermented to an acid by Streptococcus mutans, and they effectively inhibited water-insoluble glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferase. In an in vitro utilization test with human intestinal bacteria, these oligosaccharides were predominantly utilized by Bifidobacteria.
Bacteroides↗
Short-arm dicentric Y chromosome associated with Sertoli-cell-only tubule.
We report a case of a short-arm dicentric Y chromosome associated with Sertoli-cell-only tubule. Chromosomal analysis, using G- and C-banding techniques, revealed: 45,X/46,X psu dic(Y) (pter-->q11::q11-->pter)/46,X + mar. Staining by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a Y chromosome centromere-specific DNA probe showed two bright spots in the pseudodicentric Y chromosome and one in the marker chromosome. It is assumed that Sertoli-cell-only tubule is caused by deletion or disruption of the azoospermic factor gene located distal in Yq11.
Adult↗
[High-field (3.OT) MR system: advantages in functional analysis].
In order to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying higher brain function, investigations need to focus not only on functionality of neuronal networks but also the underlying connectivity. Newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) techniques offer revolutional, non-invasive tools for both functionality and connectivity analysis in humans, namely, BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three dimensional anisotropy contrast (3DAC) magnetic resonance axonograpy (MRX). The former technique makes use of changes in regional deoxyhemoglobin concentration associated with brain function, while the latter utilizes directional information of apparent diffusivity observed in axonal fibers. In these critically important but highly demanding imaging techniques, high-field (> or = 3.OT) MR systems possess significant advantages over conventional systems.
Axons↗
[Magnetic resonance axonography by diffusion weighted echo planar imaging].
Anisotropy of apparent diffusivities of water molecules is known to be an excellent means for elucidating detailed information regarding neuronal fiber direction and density in live subjects. The recent development of magnetic resonance axonography (MRX) utilizing three dimensional anisotropy contrast(3DAC), using Echo Planar Imaging(EPI), a new algorithm for the treatment of apparent diffusion tensor, has provided an unprecedented opportunity for visualizing anatomic detail of the human brain. In this study, we applied the 3DAC method in normal human brain. The results clearly demonstrated that 3DAC is highly sensitive to orientation of fiber tracts. Considering the rather simple implementational process and high anatomic resolution, MRX based on the 3DAC method appears to be the ideal non-invasive imaging technique for assessment of the human brain in biomedicine.
Algorithms↗
[Functionality and connectivity analysis by magnetic resonance imaging].
Magnetic resonance (MR is a remarkably versatile technology applicable to various aspects of medical science. Currently, there are three categories of MR techniques available for probing human brain function in detail. The first category comprises the most widely utilized techniques which make use of the metabolic effects of brain activation, represented by BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The second category of techniques deals with apparent diffusion tensor probing the axonal connectivity and is represented by three dimensional anisotropy contrast (3DAC) axonography. The third category of techniques is a biological application of classical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy capable of providing biochemical information in vivo and is represented by spectroscopic imaging (SI). As techniques directly applicable to clinical medicine, BOLD fMRI and 3DAC axonography possess the highest potential.
Brain↗
Cloning and sequencing of a cluster of genes encoding novel enzymes of trehalose biosynthesis from thermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
Trehalose biosynthesis genes, treZ, treX and treY, encoding maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (TreZ), glycogen debranching enzyme (TreX), and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (TreY) have been cloned from the thermophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC33909. The amino-acid sequences deduced from treZ, treX and treY are composed of 556, 713 and 720 amino-acid residues, respectively. TreZ and TreY are 33-40% homologous to the corresponding enzymes from Arthrobacter sp. Q36. We have proposed that the biosynthesis of trehalose in Sulfolobus occurs via the actions of the three enzymes encoded by treZXY.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cloning and sequencing of trehalose synthase gene from Pimelobacter sp. R48.
The gene encoding trehalose synthase (catalyzing the conversion of maltose into alpha, alpha-trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation) was cloned from Pimelobacter sp. R48. Sequence analysis revealed a 1719-bp synthase gene and a 573-residue amino-acid sequence. The 220 N-terminal residues were homologous to those of maltases from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and Aedes aegypti.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities in diabetic brain: in vivo kinetic studies using 19F 3-FDG NMR in rats.
The effects of diabetes mellitus on the kinetic constants of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in rat brain were investigated non-invasively in vivo using the 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3-FDG) 19-fluorine (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. While forward flux or both aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase (k1 and k2) were significantly increased, there was no corresponding increase in reverse flux (k3 and k4), and leakage of fructose (k5) was negligible. These findings indicate that the enzymatic kinetics of aldose reductase sorbitol (ARS) in diabetic brain undergo alteration favoring intracellular sorbitol and fructose accumulation, the frequently implicated biochemical basis of diabetic complications.
Aldehyde Reductase↗
Cloning and sequencing of trehalose biosynthesis genes from Arthrobacter sp. Q36.
A 5.1-kbp genomic DNA fragment was cloned from trehalose-producing bacterium Arthrobacter sp. strain Q36. Sequence analysis of the DNA fragment revealed two open reading frames of 2325 and 1794 bp, encoding maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (TreY) and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (TreZ), respectively. The 3' end of treY overlaps with the 5' end of treZ by one nucleotide, and it is suggested that treYZ constitutes and operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of both enzymes have several regions common to amylolytic enzymes belonging to an 'alpha-amylase family'.
Amino Acid Sequence↗