Biomedical subjects

T Nakada

Publications and source records attributed to T Nakada.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Oculopalatal myoclonus.

Five cases of oculopalatal myoclonus (OPM) were studied. Three exhibited the lateral form, characterized by jerky nystagmoid eye movements with simultaneous oblique and rotatory components, associated with lateralized palatal myoclonus, and 2 the midline form, characterized by vertical to-and-fro pendular eye movements with symmetric bilateral palatal myoclonus. Structural studies using computed tomography (CT) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging indicated that the integrity of the flocculus was preserved in all 5 cases. We postulate that the generation of ocular oscillations in OPM involves vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation mediated by the flocculus. The lateral form represents unilateral disease, whereas the midline form represents bilateral disease.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1986

Global and regional mortality patterns by cause of death in 1980.

Mortality attributable to major causes of death around 1980 has been estimated for different regions in the world. The World Health Organization's mortality data bank has been employed to derive the rates for the developed areas in the world whereas for the developing areas, cause-specific mortality has been estimated on the basis of total mortality using a linear regression method. For the cause grouping chosen, infectious and parasitic diseases claim one third of all deaths in the world. Although diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms are the two most common causes of death in the developed countries, more than 50% of all deaths in the world due to these causes occur in the developing world. Mortality due to injury and poisoning is--contrary to that due to the other main causes of death--almost independent of the level of development of the area. The results are aimed to assist the information back-up for health policies concerning the developing world.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Risk of lung cancer by histologic type among smokers in Miyagi Prefecture.

Smoking habits of the 827 lung cancer patients aged 40 years or over who were treated in the Sendai Kosei Hospital from 1977-82 were compared with those in the general population of a non-metropolitan district in northern Japan, which we recently surveyed by mail questionnaire. The relative risks of lung cancer by histologic type adjusted by age and area of residence were as follows: 1.9 for adenocarcinoma, 4.3 for squamous cell carcinoma, 3.9 for small cell carcinoma and 3.4 for large cell carcinoma in men, and 2.9, 6.4, 4.5 and 4.0 for these histologic types, respectively, in women. These elevated risks were all statistically significant (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that smoking habits should be carefully considered when studying the etiology of any cell type of lung cancer, even adenocarcinoma, which often has been thought to be unrelated to smoking habits.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Noninvasive in vivo demonstration of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose metabolism beyond the hexokinase reaction in rat brain by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The metabolism of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in vivo was observed noninvasively in rat brain using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy following an intravenous injection of FDG (400 mg/kg). At 3 h after infusion, four resonances with discrete chemical shifts were resolved. Chemical shift analysis of these resonances suggested the chemical identity of two of the resonances to be FDG and/or FDG-6-phosphate and 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-delta-phosphogluconolactone and/or 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate. The chemical identities of the other two resonances remain to be elucidated. The present study indicates that the metabolism of FDG in vivo is more extensive than is previously recognized and demonstrates the feasibility of using 19F NMR spectroscopy to follow the 19F-containing metabolites of FDG in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl)anthranillic acid, an antiallergic compound, induced eosinophilic cystitis.

Eosinophilic cystitis developed in an asthmatic patient after therapy with the antiasthmatic agent, Tranilast. The progress of this patient and the histopathologic findings of bladder biopsy specimens are reported. A review of recent publications on the possible causative correlations is presented. It appears judicious to perform bladder biopsy if common chemotherapy fails to improve bladder irritability in patients receiving Tranilast therapy. If a diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis induced by Tranilast is established, immediate withdrawal of the drug with or without steroid therapy is recommended.

Cystitis↗

PubMed1986

Transketolase abnormality in tolazamide-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy.

We studied a thiamine-dependent enzyme, transketolase, from fibroblasts of a diabetic patient who developed Wernicke's encephalopathy when treated with tolazamide, in order to delineate if this patient also had transketolase abnormality [high Km for thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)], as previously reported in postalcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. In addition to this patient, we also studied this enzyme from three diabetic kindreds without any history of Wernicke's encephalopathy and from four normal controls. We found that the above-mentioned patient and one of the diabetic kindreds with no history of Wernicke's encephalopathy had abnormal transketolase as determined by its Km for TPP. These data suggest a similarity between postalcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and the patient with tolazamide-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy from the standpoint of transketolase abnormality.

Fibroblasts↗

PubMed1986

Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma: location in the bronchi, depth of invasion and length of axial involvement of the bronchus.

Forty patients with roentgenographically occult lung cancer underwent surgical resection. In thirty-five, cancer was detected by mass screening and in five at outpatient clinic. Bronchoscopic localization was accomplished in all cases. Serial block-sections of bronchi of all surgical specimens were prepared and examined microscopically. Forty-two lesions of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were found including two of concurrent occult carcinoma. The site of tumor in the bronchi, the depth of mural invasion and the axial length of involved portion were investigated microscopically. The depth was measured with a micrometer. Fifteen lesions occurred in a subsegmental or a sub-subsegmental bronchus and 27 in a segmental or a central bronchus. Based on the depth of invasion (DI), occult bronchogenic carcinomas were classified microscopically into six categories (DI0 to DI5). Of the 42 lesions, 6 were judged as carcinoma in situ (DI0), 4 as suspicious invasion (DI1), 7 as intramucosal invasion (DI2), 17 as extramuscular invasion (DI3), 5 as extracartilaginous invasion (DI4) and 3 as extrabronchial invasion (DI5). Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of at least two types of infiltration in the bronchial wall. One was the creeping type in which carcinoma extended flatly along the superficial layers of bronchus and was presumed to stay as an occult lung cancer for a long time. The other, the penetrating type in which carcinoma extended deeply into the wall, was presumed to advance within a short period.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Branching architecture of canine pulmonary arteries: a quantitative cast study.

The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the branching pattern of pulmonary artery. The excised right lower lobes of six mongrel dogs were fixed by perfusion with 1.2% glutaraldehyde solution. Pressure of the pulmonary artery, vein and airway were controlled during perfusion. After fixation, resin was injected manually into the artery. When resin was completely polymerized, the lung was placed in 15 N NaOH solution to remove lung tissue. The diameters and lengths of branches were measured by stereomicroscopy. The results obtained were as follows: The basically dichotomous pulmonary arteries showed not only fairly regular dichotomies but monopodies, in the latter of which the diameter of parent branch was almost the same as that of its larger daughter branch. The diameter of monopodial branch was less than 500 microns, even when the parent branch was a large central segment. In arteries of over 1,000 microns in diameter, 75% or more of branchings were monopodies, whereas in small arteries of 200-300 microns in diameter, half the bifurcations were monopodies. At a bifurcation, the average daughter-to-parent diameter ratio was 0.8-0.9 for the larger daughter branch and 0.5 for the smaller one. The average length of branches was in proportion to their average diameter.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

A rat model for monitoring homograft rejection of the lung.

A new surgical procedure was devised for the experimental homograft of the lung. The pulmonary artery and vein and bronchus were anastomosed under the operation microscope using interrupted sutures in group W (30 outbred Wistar rats) and continuous sutures in group F (7 inbred F344/Ducrj Rats). Mean ischemia time during the operation was 95.3 +/- 10.3 min in the group W and 55.6 +/- 5.8 in group F. Eight out of 30 rats (27%) of group W and all rats of group F survived more than 24 hr after the surgery. Pulmonary functions of grafted lungs were evaluated by serial x-rays and the perfusion ratio was 27.4 +/- 11.6% (mean +/- S.D.) in group W and 25.4 +/- 7.7% in group F. A patent opening of the hilar anastomosis in these rats was confirmed at autopsy. This model with continuous suture would be useful for the rat lung transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Combination chemotherapy of vincristine, ifosfamide and peplomycin in patients with reactivated prostatic cancer].

Ten patients with reactivated stage D prostatic cancer were treated with the combination therapy of vincristine, ifosfamide and peplomycin (VIP therapy). This treatment gave a good relief of bone pain in 4 out of 8 patients (50%) and improvement of dysuria in 2 out of 6 patients (33%), but objective responses of primary and metastatic lesions were poor. The over-all response rate was 20% by Karnofsky's category of response, 10% by the response criteria of Shida et al., 50% by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria in the United States and 10% by the response criteria of Koyama and Saito's group. The toxicity of VIP therapy was mild to moderate except for hepatic insufficiency shown in one case.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Novel responses of peripheral lymphocytes of cancer patients to chemical induction of sister chromatid exchanges.

Sensitivities to sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction by chemicals of peripheral lymphocytes from 26 cancer patients were estimated under conditions identical to those for healthy humans which had been reported (Cancer Res., 43: 439-442, 1983). The sensitive individual was defined as one whose cells give a mean induced SCE frequency more than 2 standard deviation units above the population mean of induced SCEs in cells from the healthy humans. When cells were treated with 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4, 3-b]indole in the presence of rat liver S9 mix, 8 in 10 stomach cancer patients, 4 in 4 colon cancer patients, 3 in 9 lung cancer patients, 0 in 3 patients bearing other cancers, and 0 in 9 non-cancerous individuals were sensitive. The corresponding frequency of individuals in the healthy population, reported previously, was 1 in 33 persons. Thus, the frequency of sensitive individuals in the combined group of stomach and colon cancer patients was very significantly higher than were frequencies in control groups. Three in 10 patients with stomach cancer and 4 in 16 patients with other cancers were sensitive to induction of SCE by methyl methanesulfonate. Six in these 7 methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive patients were also 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole sensitive. The frequency of methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive individuals in the healthy populations was 2 in 50. There was no patient who was sensitive to SCE induction by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The frequency was not significantly different from the healthy population, in which 3 in 50 persons were sensitive. These results suggest that a particular cancer correlates with the sensitivity of peripheral lymphocytes to SCE induction by particular chemicals.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed1986

Increased non-collagen protein synthesis in the posterior cerebral artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

When 3H-proline was administered to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, its incorporation into non-collagen protein of the posterior cerebral artery or the mesenteric artery was greater in SHR than WKY. Young SHR were treated with either clonidine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Administration of clonidine decreased the rate of incorporation of 3H-proline into the non-collagen protein of these arteries concomitantly with a reduction of blood pressure in each rat strain. Administration of 6-OHDA slightly decreased the incorporation of the proline into the non-collagen protein of the SHR posterior cerebral artery, but failed to reduce blood pressure in each rat strain. Ultrastructural pictures of the posterior cerebral arteries of the SHR showed numerous adrenergic ganglion cells. Thus, neural factors, especially in the cerebral arteries, may regulate vascular protein synthesis and may be important for the initiation of hypertension in SHR.

Animals↗

PubMed1986