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Biomedical subjects

T Nagano

Publications and source records attributed to T Nagano.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Lissencephaly with congenital muscular dystrophy and ocular abnormalities: cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome.

A Japanese male infant with lissencephaly, congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), and ocular abnormalities is described. This patient represents features of the cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome. Cranial computerized tomography revealed diffuse agyria, low density of the white matter, and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Brain histology suggested type II lissencephaly. These findings are correlated with other similar conditions, such as Walker-Warburg syndrome, Fukuyama-type CMD, and muscle, eye and brain disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Diastolic compliance of the left atrium in man: a determinant of preload of the left ventricle.

During the ventricular slow-filling period, both the left atrium and left ventricle fill passively, and their respective internal pressures equalize, becoming evenly elevated. If the diastolic chamber compliance of the left atrium is smaller than that of the left ventricle, we expect the inflowing blood to be distributed more to the left ventricle than to the left atrium during this period. We examined the magnitude of the diastolic compliance of the left atrium and the left ventricle at the end of the slow-filling period. We studied 10 patients, mostly with a mild degree of coronary artery disease, in whom hemodynamic variables were almost within normal limits. To estimate the compliance of the left atrium, we recorded the left atrial pressure directly (by the Brockenbrough technique) and determined the left atrial volume by biplane cineatriography. We determined the diastolic compliance of the left atrium from the pressure-volume relations between the nadir of the x trough and the peak of the v wave by fitting them to an exponential equation. P = b.eaV (P = pressure, V = volume, a, b = constants). The diastolic compliance of the left ventricle was determined from the pressure-volume relations during the ventricular slow-filling period. The compliances of the left atrium and the left ventricle at the pressure at the end of the ventricular slow-filling period were 1.60 +/- 0.41 (mean +/- SD) ml.mmHg-1.m-2 and 4.22 +/- 1.12, respectively. The ratio of compliance of the left ventricle to that of the left atrium was 2.60 +/- 0.71.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Dioxathiadiaza-heteropentalenes mediate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in Escherichia coli.

The dioxathiadiaza-heteropentalenes, HEP-I (4,4-dimethyl-1,7-dioxa-2,6-diaza- 7 alpha lambda 4-thia-3H,5H-benzo[cd]pentalene), HEP-II (1,7-dioxa-2, 6-diaza-4, 7 alpha lambda 4-dithia-3H, 5H-benzo[cd]pentalene), HEP-III (1,7-dioxa-2,6-diaza-4, 7 alpha lambda 4-dithia-3H, 5H-benzo[cd]pentalene-4-oxide), and HEP-IV (1,7-dioxa-2,6-diaza-4,7 alpha lambda 4-dithia-3H, 5H-benzo[cd]pentalene-4,4-dioxide), inhibited growth of Escherichia coli in a simple glucose-salt medium, with their toxicities following the order of HEP-IV greater than HEP-III greater than HEP-II greater than HEP-I. These toxicities could be suppressed by yeast extract added to the glucose-salt medium. Yeast extract also facilitated maximal induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The redox potentials of HEP-I-HEP-IV and the rates of oxygen uptake dependent on heteropentalenes in cyanide-resistant respiration of E. coli were correlated with the induction of SOD and catalase. Thus, the higher the redox potential of the compounds, the more potent they were for induction of enzyme production. Under anaerobic conditions, HEP-IV did not inhibit E. coli growth. These results indicate that HEP-I-HEP-IV can be reduced within the cell of E. coli and then reoxidized by molecular oxygen, generating O2- and H2O2. The toxicities of the heteropentalenes depend largely upon superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide toxicity, and SOD and catalase provide a defense against the potential cytotoxicity of these species.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1989

[Result of registration and follow-up system of gestational trophoblastic disease in Shizuoka Prefecture (from 1977 to 1988)--recent trend and choriocarcinoma following term gestation].

The remission rate of choriocarcinoma has greatly improved since the introduction of effective multiagent chemotherapy combined with aggressive surgical therapy and radiotherapy. In addition to these, the registration and follow-up of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) also has been playing an important role in the early detection and treatment of choriocarcinoma following hydatidiform mole. The system for the registration and follow-up of GTD was started in 1977 in Shizuoka Prefecture. In the present series, the results obtained with this registration and follow-up system from 1977 to 1988 in Shizuoka Prefecture were reviewed and analysed. 1) One thousand, nine hundred and twenty-five cases of hydatidiform mole, 68 cases of invasive mole, 70 cases of persistent trophoblastic disease and 48 cases of choriocarcinoma were registered in 12 years. The overall registration rate was 97.4%. 2) The number of cases of hydatidiform mole registered has decreased from about 180 cases to about 140 cases per year, probably due to the decreasing birth rate. 3) The number of cases of choriocarcinoma registered has recently been decreasing significantly and the number of cases of registered invasive mole and persistent trophoblastic disease has decreased slightly. 4) Antecedent pregnancy with choriocarcinoma including clinical choriocarcinoma has been changing from "post-molar" to "post-term" in the past 12 years. The prognosis of the patient with choriocarcinoma following hydatidiform mole has improved by the early detection and treatment since the introduction of the registration and follow-up system. More attention should be paid to choriocarcinoma following term gestation not yet included in the registration and follow-up system to facilitate early detection and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Macroscopic changes seen in human erythrocytes heated in a suspension and the resulting effect on their blood group activity.

Changes in the macroscopic appearance and in the activity of various erythrocyte antigens were observed by heating human erythrocytes of known blood groups at 60-260 degrees C for 15, 30, and 60 min in a suspension that was sealed in an airtight test tube. While the erythrocytes underwent severe hemolysis after heating at 60 degrees C, this phenomenon was not macroscopically observed on heating at 80 and 100 degrees C and the cellular sludge in the tested became brown in color. With further temperature increases, the supernatant became pale yellow at 120-140 degrees C, brown at 160 degrees C and dark brown at 180 degrees C and above, whereas the sediment hardened and became darker in tone. Both A and B activity in the cellular sludge remained active until a 30-min heating at 240 degrees C, as did the O(H) activity until a 15-min heating at 220 degrees C. Both Lewis type activity was detected until a 30-min heating at 200 degrees C and a 15-min heating at 220 degrees C. The P1 activity remained specific after a 30-min heating at 180 degrees C and false-positive reactions were observed after 60 min at 180 degrees C. Among the Rh antigen activity, D activity remained until a 60-min heating at 140 degrees C, C and E until a 30-min heating at 140 degrees C, c until a 15-min heating at 140 degrees C and e until a 30-min heating at 100 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1989

A new method for the determination of ethanol in the blood and urine by pulse heating.

We have established a new method for the determination of ethanol and other gaseous substances in even minute amounts of biological material by utilizing a Curie-point pyrolyzer (Model JHP 3, Japan Analytical Industry) connected to GC or GC-MS. No pretreatment of the biological material is needed and the procedure is based on the principle that volatile or gaseous substances can be evaporated from biological materials by pulse heating and introduced for analysis directly to a GC or GC-MS. The blood from rats that had been administered ethanol-d6 orally, as well as blood and urine collected from healthy volunteers that had ingested alcoholic drinks and blood and tissue specimens taken from autopsied cadavers were examined for ethanol concentrations by both this new method and by the usual head space-GC method. To test this new method, one microliter of the blood or urine was injected into a tubularly folded ferromagnetic alloy (Pyrofoil) and heated pulsatively five times at 160 degrees C (pulse heating). The vapor that evaporated from the sample then was directly introduced to the GC or GC-MS, and the time required to complete the analysis took approximately 5 min. In parallel, for comparison purposes, portions of the same samples (0.2-0.5 g) were examined by means of the head space method as well. The measured values of ethanol-d6 and ethanol in the rat blood and in the human whole blood, blood plasma, and urine that were obtained by this pulse heating procedure correlated almost perfectly with those obtained by head space method. These results show the accuracy and reproducibility of this new method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of paraaortic and pelvic lymph node metastasis by ultrasound guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)].

Ultrasonography (US) was performed in patients with gynecologic malignancies to detect paraaortic and pelvic lymphadenopathy. US of paraaortic lymph nodes was performed in 32 patients. Of the 32 patients 17 had lymphadenopathy, and ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) were therefore performed in 16 of these 17 cases. Of these 16 patients, 11 were positive and 5 were negative FNAB. US of pelvic lymph nodes was performed in 68 patients. Of the 68 patients 14 had lymphadenopathy, and FNAB were performed in 8 of these. All 14 of these FNABs were positive. There were no major complications from due to FNAB. It is therefore concluded that ultrasound-guided percutaneous FNAB is very useful in detecting metastatic lymph nodes of gynecologic malignancies.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural analysis of megakaryoblasts by simultaneous detection of platelet peroxidase and platelet glycoproteins.

We studied the phenotype of megakaryoblasts (MKB) in two patients with blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia by simultaneous detection of platelet peroxidase (PPO) activity and platelet glycoproteins (GP) with monoclonal antibodies at the ultrastructural level. When 227A (anti-GPIb) was used, the finding of GP correlated well with the presence of PPO in the majority of MKB, and a few MKB were found to express PPO but lack GP. When 224B (anti-GPIIb/IIIa) was applied, we found a few MKB of a further type, which expressed GP but lacked PPO. These results indicate that the expression of platelet markers is partially aberrant in neoplastic MKB, and that MKB are heterogenous in their phenotypic expressions. Thus, the detection of PPO or GP alone may miss some MKB. For the accurate identification of MKB and the demonstration of aberrant expression of platelet markers, simultaneous detection of the markers seems to useful.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural changes in human erythrocytes caused by heat and the localization of ABO blood group activity.

The ultrastructural changes in human erythrocytes caused by heat and the localization of ABO blood group activity have been studied electron microscopically. Osmotically hemolyzed cells were found to show varying degrees of cell matrix loss and a swelling of the membranes. By means of immunoferritin staining, ferritin particles, which indicate the localization of ABO group activity, were found to bind in clusters on small process-like structures on the membranes. Erythrocytes heated to 60 degrees C showed a hemolytic change; the cell matrix was released and small globular substances (ca. 50-100 nm in diameter) aggregated on the cytoplasmic side of the partially swollen cell membranes, a phenomenon that was not noted in erythrocytes that undergo a hypo-osmotic change. Erythrocytes heated to 100 degrees C underwent fragmentation, though the cell matrix was almost preserved and aggregated substances of varying size were noted inside the membranes. ABO group activity was demonstrated almost evenly on the sub-membrane aggregated substances and on the surface of the thermo-changed erythrocytes.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Carbon tetrachloride toxicity on Escherichia coli exacerbated by superoxide.

The effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paraquat on the growth of Escherichia coli were investigated. Paraquat at 10 mM caused some inhibition of growth of E. coli in trypticase-soy-yeast extract medium. CCl4 enhanced growth inhibition by paraquat in a concentration-dependent manner. In the absence of paraquat, CCl4 had no effect on growth rate or on surviving cell numbers at stationary phase. CCl4 did not prevent the induction of manganese-superoxide dismutase by paraquat. Under anaerobic conditions, CCl4 and paraquat exhibited no effect on E. coli. In the presence of Mn(II) and paraquat, intracellular superoxide dismutase was markedly induced and protected E. coli against the toxicity of CCl4 and paraquat. The reactive free radical CCl3OO-, which can be formed from the reaction of O2- with CCl4, may cause cell damage. The growth-inhibiting effects of polyhalides in the presence of paraquat followed the order CBrCl3 greater than CCl4 greater than CHCl3 greater than CH2Cl2, which is in accord with that of the reaction rates of these compounds with O2- and with their hepatotoxicities. These results suggest that O2- plays a role in the hepatotoxicity of polyhalides.

Carbon Tetrachloride↗
PubMed1988

Maturation changes of the plasma membrane of rat spermatozoa observed by surface replica, rapid-freeze and deep-etch, and freeze-fracture methods.

Rat spermatozoa from the epididymis and ductus deferens were observed by surface replica, rapid-freeze and deep-etch, and conventional freeze-fracture methods. By the surface replica method, parallel periodical ridges were observed in the acrosomal region of the spermatozoa from the distal part of the cauda epididymis (zone 6) and from the ductus deferens. The periodicity of the ridges forming a domain was about 35 nm. A quantitative analysis of the spermatozoa along the reproductive tract indicated that 39.4% and 73.5% of the population in zone 6 of the epididymis and in the ductus deferens, respectively, had the domain. None of the spermatozoa from zone 1 through zone 5 had the domain. The results of the rapid-freeze and deep-etch procedure showed that the ridges observed by the surface replica method consisted of linear arrangements of elliptical particles on the ES face of the plasma membrane. The particles were about 30 nm in length and 15 nm in width. On the corresponding PF face of the plasma membrane, linear arrangements of the intramembrane particles (IMPs) of about 8 nm in diameter were observed by both the deep-etch and freeze-fracture methods. The IMPs tended to run in paired parallel lines. A close relationship was observed between the lines of the elliptical particles on the ES and of the IMPs on the PF faces. The elliptical particle may be a protruded part of the IMP(s) or other protein(s) bound to the IMP(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Human-type blood group activities on chimpanzee erythrocytes with special reference to M and N.

Human-type blood group activities on the red blood cells (RBCs) of three chimpanzees were individually examined with commercial mouse monoclonal antibodies (anti-A, -B, -H, -M, -N, -Lea, and -Leb) as well as lectins (UEA-I and VGA) and conventional polyclonal antisera for the systems ABO, MN, Lewis, Rh-Hr, P, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and Lutheran. For further analysis of the MN antigens, treatment of the RBCs with sialidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin were employed. The activities recognized among the three chimpanzees were A, H, M, N, Leb, c, S, k, and Jka. The RBCs of the three individuals possessed the A antigen which showed the same serologic activity as the human A1. Those chimpanzee RBCs showed higher H-activity than the human A1 RBCs. The Lewis b activity was revealed by the absorption-elution method. The RBCs of the three individuals showed a reactivity to the polyclonal anti-M reagents, which was affected by both the sialidase and trypsin treatment. The RBCs of two individuals were agglutinated with the monoclonal anti-N. The receptor was sensitive to sialidase and chymotrypsin. The RBCs of the three individuals, however, did not react with the monoclonal anti-M or with one of the polyclonal anti-N. These results indicate structural differences in the glycophorins and MN antigens between the human and chimpanzee.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Immunocytochemical study on the ultrastructural localization of human-type ABO (H)-blood group activities in a macaque (Macaca irus).

The immunocytochemical study on the ultrastructural localization of human-type ABO(H)-activities in a crab-eating macaque (Macaca irus) was carried out by using postembedding and immuno-gold staining method. The tissue specimens examined were the esophagus, stomach (St), small intestine (Si), large intestine, liver, kidney, and pancreas. The specimens from these organs and submandibular gland (Sg) of a human (O-group) were used as staining reaction controls. Primary and secondary antibodies were commercially obtained mouse monoclonal anti-A, -B, -H (IgM), and goat anti-mouse IgM labeled with colloidal gold particles (luminal diameter 20 nm), respectively. The results were as follows: (1) In macaque specimens, only A-activity could be observed as the location of gold particles on the peripheral rim of serous secretory granules (Sg) and of epithelial cells (esophagus), the mucous droplets in epithelial cells and brush border (St, Si), the intracellular secretory canaliculi [ISC (St)] and the zymogen granules and secretory ducts (pancreas). Gold particles could be also noted at the Golgi apparatus and nascent secretory granules. (2) By periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide (PA-TCH-OS) reaction, hexose-rich neutral mucopolysaccharides were noted on the peripheral rim of serous secretory granules (Sg), the mucous droplets (St, Si), the ISC (St), and the brush border (Si). Such a distributional pattern corresponded well with that of gold particles, indicating that the substances were responsible for ABO(H)-activities.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical study of blood group activities in the alimentary canal in normal and pathologic conditions with reference to the nature of epithelial mucopolysaccharides.

ABO(H)- and Lewis-activities in the human alimentary canal were investigated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using commercial mouse monoclonal antibodies in order to clarify (1) the changes apparent in these activities in carcinoma of the digestive tract or premalignant intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and (2) the relationship of the activities to the histochemical properties of epithelial mucins examined by Alcian blue (pH 2.5)/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining. In intestinal metaplasia, ectopic goblet cells showed various degrees of ABO(H)-activities according to the PAS stainability of mucins and revealed Lea-activity even in a Le(a-b+) group. In carcinoma of the alimentary canal, ABO(H)- and Lewis-activities compatible with the donors' blood groups were located mainly at the PAS-positive cell surface, and in the Golgi bodies and secretions. It was thus concluded that quantitative and/or qualitative changes in blood group activities were closely associated with those of epithelial mucopolysaccharides.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

An experimental study on viability of the devascularized trachea.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of varying extents of devascularization to the viability of the trachea, and the influence of preservation of the right bronchial artery on the ischemia of the widely devascularized trachea. In experiment 1, the canine trachea was devascularized in a stepwise manner, and the regional blood flow was measured in each situation. This experiment revealed that the regional blood flow decreased to one-third of the non-treated trachea when the bilateral bronchial arteries were transected, and to nil when the cervical and mediastinal trachea was devascularized. In experiment 2, in which dogs were divided into 2 groups depending on preservation of the right bronchial artery, the trachea was stepwisely devascularized and the regional blood flow measured. This experiment indicated that the regional blood flow in the trachea when the right bronchial artery was preserved did not so remarkably diminish, though the cervical and mediastinal trachea was devascularized. In experiment 3, dogs were divided into 3 groups according to the extent of devascularization of the trachea and to the presence or absence of the preserved right bronchial artery, and were followed for 2 months postoperatively. This experiment demonstrated that the preservation of the right bronchial artery prevented tracheal necrosis caused by devascularization of the cervical and mediastinal trachea. We concluded that the regional tracheal blood flow markedly decreased and that tracheal necrosis occurred following devascularization of the cervical and mediastinal trachea when the bilateral arteries were transected. The preservation of the right bronchial artery however, prevented a decrease in the regional blood flow and necrosis of the widely devascularized trachea.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Studies of Sl/Sld in equilibrium with +/+ mouse aggregation chimaeras. II. Effect of the steel locus on spermatogenesis.

Mutant mice of Sl/Sld genotype are deficient in melanocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells and germ cells. Deficiency of melanocytes, erythrocytes and mast cells is not attributable to an intrinsic defect in their precursor cells but to a defect in the tissue environment that is necessary for migration, proliferation and/or differentiation. We investigated the mechanism of germ cell deficiency in male Sl/Sld mice by producing aggregation chimaeras from Sl/Sld and +/+ embryos. Chimaeric mice with apparent white stripes were obtained. Two of four such chimaeras were fertile and the phenotypes of resulting progenies showed that some Sl/Sld germ cells had differentiated into functioning sperms in the testis of the chimaeras. In cross sections of the testes of chimaeras, both differentiated and nondifferentiated tubules were observed. However, the proportions of type A spermatogonia to Sertoli cells in both types of tubules were comparable to the values observed in differentiated tubules of normal +/+ mice. We reconstructed the whole length of four tubules from serial sections. Differentiated and nondifferentiated segments alternated in a single tubule. The shortest differentiated segment contained about 180 Sertoli cells and the shortest nondifferentiated segment about 150 Sertoli cells. These results suggest that Sertoli cells of either Sl/Sld or +/+ genotype make discrete patches and that differentiation of type A spermatogonia does not occur in patches of Sl/Sld Sertoli cells.

Animals↗