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Biomedical subjects

T Muto

Publications and source records attributed to T Muto.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Flat adenoma and flat mucosal carcinoma (IIb type)--a new precursor of colorectal carcinoma? Report of two cases.

Two flat adenomas and a flat mucosal carcinoma of the colon were reported in patients with synchronous and metachronous colonic carcinomas. These lesions were almost flat and were not detected by preoperative endoscopic examinations. Colonoscopists should be aware of the presence of flat adenomas, which can be easily missed, and recognize them as lesions that play an important role in the "adenoma-carcinoma sequence."

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Mucin abnormality of colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis associated with carcinoma and/or dysplasia.

Twenty cases of resected specimens of carcinoma and/or dysplasia complicating ulcerative colitis were histochemically investigated by the periodic acid-thionein Schiff/potassium hydroxide/periodic acid-Schiff (PAT/KOH/PAS) staining method to see mucin characteristics of carcinoma, dysplasia, and the background mucosa of these lesions. As a control, 11 resected specimens of ulcerative colitis without dysplastic changes and 26 specimens of colonic carcinoma were examined also. All dysplasia and carcinoma in ulcerative colitis stained blue, whereas normal colonic mucin stained red in 65 percent. In 14 of 20 specimens with carcinoma and/or dysplasia, the background mucosa appeared normal with hematoxylin and eosin staining, but showed a mosaic staining pattern with PAT/KOH/PAS. However, only two of 11 specimens of ulcerative colitis without dysplasia and none of 26 specimens of flat mucosa with colorectal carcinoma showed a mosaic staining pattern. From these observations it was concluded that the PAT/KOH/PAS staining method could be useful as a histochemical marker of premalignant change in longstanding ulcerative colitis.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1988

On the factors influencing the dispersion of radioiodines.

Radioactivities dispersed from 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions of 123I, 125I, or 131I were measured, and the factors influencing dispersion of radioiodines were analyzed. The radioiodines dispersed were trapped by glass fiber filters, charcoal filters, and separable paint. The factors influencing the dispersion of radioiodines are discussed in terms of the dispersal rate, which defined as the ratio of total activity of three kinds of traps in a unit time to whole activity. In order to clarify the factors influencing the dispersal rate, we carried out the experiments; on the effect of reducing agent, that of radioactive concentration of radioiodine, that of mixing the 125I solution with 131I, and that of scavenging hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals. It could be concluded from experimental results that the principal factors influencing dispersion of radioiodines are the number of atoms of radioiodine per volume and the energy absorbed in solution from radioiodines. In regard to the absorbed energy, we thought that the dispersion of radioiodines is influenced mainly by hydrated electron, not markedly by hydroxyl radical.

Iodine Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to handgrip tests in patients with ischemic heart disease by radionuclide method].

Left ventricular responses to handgrip exercise test in patients with ischemic heart disease were assessed by RI methods. We subdivided into three groups (A: delta EF more than 5% increased, B: delta EF -5%-+5% no change, C: delta EF less than 5% reduced), left ventricular contractility (LVEF/LVET) and Tl defect score changed significantly in global EF reduced group, moreover the usefulness of handgrip test was assured. This instrument is low cost, safety, small size, and available for wide ranged ages.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1988

[Gastric surgery].

Clinical and experimental studies related to gastric surgery in the First Department of Surgery, Niigata University Hospital are reported in this paper. For the curative resection of cancer which is located in the upper one-third of the stomach and infiltrates into the esophagus, gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy is necessary in order to remove the lymph nodes around the splenic artery and hilum completely, and sufficient resection of the thoracic esophagus and removal of lymph nodes around the thoracic esophagus and diaphragm are also important. Postoperative G cell hyperplasia of the antral mucosa and consequent increased gastrin release are probable causes of recurrent ulcer after selective proximal vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. It is known that selective vagotomy with antrectomy for duodenal ulcer has scarcely shown recurrent ulcer but frequently accompanies gastric stasis in the early postoperative period. However, frequency of postoperative gastric stasis can be reduced by the preservation of right gastro-epiploic vessels and nerves around them during operative procedure of antrectomy. In conclusion, it is emphasized that not only seeking after radicality of operation but also minimizing postoperative disturbances and preserving gastric function as much as possible are essential in gastric surgery.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1988

[Histological differential diagnosis of early colorectal carcinoma].

Adenoma was divided into 3 grades of dysplasia, severe, moderate and mild, and histological features of moderate dysplasia were clarified. Severe dysplasia is synonymous with mucosal carcinoma and moderate dysplasia is a borderline lesion between malignant and benign condition. From various investigations such as serial section, electronmicroscopy, immunohistochemistry and DNA analysis, moderate dysplasia was shown to include the earliest stage of carcinoma. Problems of differential diagnosis of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis and its clinical implication were also described. The presence of dysplasia in UC should be used as a marker suggesting a high risk of developing colon cancer in UC patients.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

[Clinicopathological study of early gastric cancer--indication of conservative surgery and radical endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer].

Clinicopathological factors such as depth of cancer invasion, size, gross type, frequency of metastases to regional lymph nodes, and distant prognosis were evaluated in last consecutive 339 cases with solitary early gastric cancer. The conservative surgery, that is, subtotal gastrectomy with complete dissection of lymph nodes of group 1 and selective celiac group and partial bursectomy, would be indicated for early gastric cancers located in antrum or corpus. But if the metastasis to the group 2 lymph nodes is suspected during the surgery, it is necessary to dissect lymph nodes en bloc more than group 2. The results, concerning the type of early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis and the indication of endoscopic treatment, were as follows; 1. Intramucosal cancer of elevated type less than 2 cm in diameter. 2. Intramucosal cancer of depressed type less than 1cm in diameter, without peptic ulcer within the lesion, and a differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma histologically. 3. Intramucosal cancer of flat type less than 2 cm in diameter. But it is difficult to detect the depth of cancer invasion and lymph node metastasis preoperatively. We would emphasize that endoscopic treatment should be indicated in the case for which surgical treatment is not indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Nutritional assessments in the long-term survivors following massive resection of the small intestine].

Nutritional assessments were measured in the sixteen long-term survivors who had undergone a massive resection of more than two-thirds of the small intestine or less than 170 cm of the remaining small intestine. Prealbumin, retinol binding protein and zinc in serum and arm muscle circumference were significantly lower than the normal range. Serum albumin had a tendency to correlate to the length of the remaining small intestine. Nutritional risk index had a correlation with the length of the remaining small intestine. In this study, nutritional assessments in the patients with a massive resection of the small intestine indicated to be in preclinical malnutritional state. This may support that supplementary nutritional therapy is necessary for such patients. In addition, we reported a patient with sensory polyneuropathy caused by vitamin E deficiency due to short bowel syndrome. The level of vitamin E was low in his serum, 294 micrograms/dl (normal: 1004 +/- 65) and in his red blood cells, 136 micrograms/dl (normal: 176 +/- 9). His symptom was markedly decreased within two weeks after the administration of large doses of vitamin E.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Surgical therapeutic problems of thoracic esophageal carcinoma with special reference to the postoperative recurrent type].

The purpose of this study is to analyze an actual status of postoperative recurrences and to discuss some problems in surgical treatment of patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma. One hundred and one (21.8%) of 464 patients who underwent an esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal carcinoma were selected for this investigation. They were classified into three groups depending on the initial recurrent type of the cancerous lesions. 1. Lymphogenic type, consisting of 47 cases (46.5%) with the recurrence of the carcinoma. The cervical and upper-mediastinal lymph nodes were favorite sites of lymphogenic recurrence. 2. Hematogenous type, 42 cases (41.6%) with organic recurrence. Of these, pulmonary lesions were encountered in 19 patients (45.2%) and bone in 11 (26.2%). 3. Disseminating type, 12 cases (11.9%) with cancerous dissemination. All patients had the recurrent lesions on the pleura except one patient who had on the peritoneum. One of the characteristic features in the carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus seems to be high incidence of lymphogenic and hematogenous recurrences. It should be, therefore, taken in consideration to perform a systematic radical lymphadenectomy and to devise an effective multidisciplinary treatment combined with surgery.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Remarkable effect of vindesine sulfate (VDS) in the treatment of metachronous lung metastasis of esophageal cancer--a case report].

A case of metachronous lung metastasis treated by intravenous administration of VDS after esophageal cancer surgery is reported. A 63-year-old man who had undergone intrathoracic esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus was shown to have a coin lesion in the middle lobe of the right lung on X-ray examination about one year after surgery. The schedule for intravenous administration of VDS was 5 mg/body every week. The metastatic lesion disappeared after a series VDS administrations totalling 35 mg. Major side effects such as leukopenia and fever were occasionally observed during the course of drug administration. The patient required three occasions of hospitalization for these adverse effects. It is thus emphasized that an effect of VDS may be expected for hematogenous dissemination of esophageal cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Nutritional support for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer].

Nutritional support for patients undergoing major operations seems to be very important for improving the operative results, especially in preoperative patients with conditions such as esophageal carcinoma. In our department, patients who have lost more than 10% of their normal weight have been given intravenous hyperalimentation for at least two weeks preoperatively to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. However good responses to nutritional support were not always obtained in these patients. One of the reasons was thought to be possible inadequacy of the nutritional support, for example, in the amount of energy intake. The purpose of this study was to clarify the energy requirements of anorexic patients by examining the relationship between energy expenditure and nutritional status. Fifty-three male patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma given radical surgery were studied retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 39 patients who had lost little or no weight (greater than or equal to 90% UsWt), and group 2 consisted of 14 patients who had lost more than 10% of their pre-illness weight (less than 90% UsWt). In order to estimate the energy requirement, resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the formula of Weir, and compared with the basal energy expenditure (BEE) as predicted using the formula of Harris-Benedict which was calculated from the height, weight, age and sex. Nutritional status was also assessed by measuring various nutritional parameters in each patient on admission. The mean values of body weight, %IBW (ideal body weight), %AMC (arm muscle circumference as percentage of standard), %TSF (triceps skinfold as percentage of standard) and %GS (grip strength as standard) were significantly lower and REE higher in group 1 than in group 2. However those of TP, alb and BEE showed no significant difference. Negative correlations between REE and body weight, %AMC, and %GS were seen respectively, and a positive correlation between REE and BEE was also seen in group 1, although no significant correlation was seen in group 2. These results suggested that the energy requirement of anorexic patients should be estimated by measuring the REE in each individual to obtain an effective response.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1988

[The significance of endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer].

Gastric endoscopy could be an useful procedure in treating patients with early gastric cancer in certain conditions. We treated 24 patients with gastric cancer for whom no surgery was indicated because of serious complications or patient's refusal. Endoscopic local injection (ELI) with Mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and Picibanil (OK-432) was performed in 16 patients and polypectomy in 8 patients as radical treatment for primary gastric cancer. Of the 16 cases, ELI was effective in 9 cases of early gastric cancers, consisting of 4 cases with complete response (CR), additional 4 with a partial response (PR), but was ineffective in the remaining of all 3 cases of advanced cancers. ELI with MMC + 5FU was performed in 8 cases with an excellent response; 3 cases with CR and 3 cases with PR; 5 patients are alive, with the longest survival period of 54 months, and 2 patients died of other diseases. On the other hand, ELI with OK-432 was carried out in remaining 8 cases with no effective results, showing only 1 case with CR and another case with PR. Polypectomy was effective for 8 protruding type of early gastric cancers with the longest cancer-free period of 31 months. At present, although preoperative evaluation of the depth and range of cancer invasion is difficult, we would like to emphasize that ELI and polypectomy are procedures worthy to be attempted in patients with early gastric cancers with no nodal metastases for surgery is not indicated.

Adult↗