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Biomedical subjects

T Muto

Publications and source records attributed to T Muto.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A new brain glucosensor and its physiological significance.

The concentration of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), markedly increases after the start of feeding. Food intake was dose-dependently suppressed by picomole doses of FGF and facilitated by anti-FGF antibody. This suppression was caused by activation of protein kinase C in glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. In situ hybridization by use of cDNA showed that acidic (a)FGF was produced in ependymal cells. The ependymal cells released aFGF by responding to glucose increase in CSF after feeding. Released aFGF diffused into the brain parenchyma and was taken by neurons. Passive avoidance was significantly more reliable after aFGF infusion into CSF. Clamping cerebral arteries in the gerbil induced ischemia, which damaged neurons in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus. Pretreatment with aFGF prevented this damage. Thus, aFGF is not only the most potent substance yet found for the suppression of feeding, but it is also extremely effective as a neurotrophic and memory facilitating substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inapparent carcinoma of the gallbladder. An appraisal of a radical second operation after simple cholecystectomy.

This study was designed to investigate issues concerning "inapparent carcinoma" of the gallbladder and the effectiveness of a radical second operation in the treatment of inapparent carcinoma. Ninety-eight patients with inapparent carcinoma were analyzed according to the "pT" category of TNM (tumor, nodes, and metastases) classification. Eighty patients underwent cholecystectomy alone, and 14 patients had a subsequent radical operation. After cholecystectomy alone it was found that (1) Patients with pT1 cancer had a 5-year survival rate (5ysr) of 100%; (2) In patients with pT2, 5ysr was 40%; and (3) Patients with pT3 showed 5ysr of 0%. Results of a radical second operation showed that (1) Patients with pT2 cancer showed a 5ysr of 90%, significantly better (p less than 0.05) than pT2 treated with cholecystectomy alone; (2) There was a prolongation of survival in patients with pT3 or pT4. It was concluded that a radical second operation should be carried out for pT2 or more advanced inapparent carcinoma, whereas follow-up without a second operation is recommended for pT1 cancer without positive margin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Radical surgery for gallbladder carcinoma. Long-term results.

The authors' objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of radical surgery with lymph node dissection for gallbladder carcinoma. Long-term results were analyzed in 40 patients in a 5-year study. The authors divided the 40 cases into two groups: 20 without positive nodes and 20 with positive nodes. In the group without positive nodes, one patient who underwent R1 resection died of a recurrence at 1 year 7 months. Seventeen of the 19 patients treated with R0 resection survived more than 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 85% (17/20). In the group with positive nodes, 9 of the 13 patients treated with R0 resection survived more than 5 years, whereas the seven patients treated with R1 or R2 resection died within 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 45% (9/20). Patients treated by R0 resection showed a 5-year survival rate of 69% (9/13). Thus we documented the favorable long-term results of radical surgery. R0 resection is a prerequisite for long-term survival. The results justify radical surgery with lymph node dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Different roles of IL-1 and TNF on hemodynamics and interorgan amino acid metabolism in awake dogs.

The present study examines the effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on various hemodynamic parameters and interorgan fluxes of amino acids, glucose, and lactate in chronically catheterized awake dogs. The dogs received 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of either human recombinant IL-1 beta or TNF intravenously for 2 h. Hemodynamic parameters and substrate fluxes across the gut and liver were determined during and 2 h after discontinuation of the cytokine infusions. Substrate fluxes were calculated by blood flows and arteriovenous differences. Both IL-1 and TNF enhanced the uptake of alanine, uptake of lactate, and output of glucose by the liver. These changes were associated with elevated arterial levels of alanine and lactate while arterial levels of glucose decreased. Uptake of glutamine by the liver was reduced by either IL-1 or TNF infusions. The effects of IL-1 and TNF on the hemodynamic parameters and on gut amino acid metabolism varied with the cytokine infused. IL-1 produced hyperdynamic state, increased splanchnic blood flow, and enhanced glutamine uptake by the gut. TNF infusion did not cause a hyperdynamic state, nor did it alter the gut handling of amino acids. We conclude that IL-1 and TNF exert distinct different effects on the systemic and hemodynamic parameters and on interorgan balances of amino acids, glucose, and lactate across the gut and the liver.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Health profiles of workers exposed to acrylonitrile.

The objective of this study was to reveal the health effects of acrylonitrile (AN) in seven Japanese acrylic fiber manufacturing factories. The study subjects were 157 AN-exposed male shift workers who had been exposed to AN for 17 years on the average and 537 control workers whose working conditions were similar to those of the AN-exposed workers. The seven factories were classified into two groups according to their AN exposure levels in 1987, and also into three groups on the basis of 1976 exposure levels. The most highly exposed group of subjects showed a mean AN concentration of 1.13 ppm by personal sampling. Medical examination failed to detect any health effects attributable to long-term exposure to AN, although the existence of some symptoms of acute irritation could not be completely ruled out. The results of this study may provide a "no observed effects level" for human on-the-job exposure with regard to the health effects examined here.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1992

The development of a self-efficacy scale for exercise behavior.

The purpose of the study was to develop a self-efficacy scale for exercise behavior. The draft items of self-efficacy scale were chosen from the previous studies, and were modified to reflect the socioeconomic differences in the target population. Ratings were made on a 3-point Likert-type scale. The self-efficacy scale was administered to 647 employees in a Japanese manufacturing company in 1990. They were also asked to identify their exercise behavior as one of exercising more than once a week, or not exercising. Two factors were extracted by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation, and those two factors had eigenvalue of greater than 1.0. They were named "high priority" and "independent factor". Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.90 and 0.84 for high priority and independent factor, respectively. The test-retest correlations for the high priority and the independent factor were 0.83 and 0.74, respectively. Both factor scores and scale scores were significantly higher in employees who habitually exercised compared with those who did not exercise. A significantly higher percentage of employees with high self-efficacy scores exercised regularly than those with lower self-efficacy scores. This study provided evidence of reliability and validity of the newly developed self-efficacy scale for exercise behavior in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

No significant correlation between histologic changes of the papilla of Vater and juxtapapillary diverticulum. Special reference to the pathogenesis of gallstones.

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of histologic changes of the papilla of Vater in cases with a juxtapapillary diverticulum, with special reference to the pathogenesis of gallstones. Three hundred and sixty-two autopsy cases, mainly of aged people, were analyzed. The incidence of both diverticulum and gallstone increased with age. The presence of diverticulum was associated with a significant increase of gallstones (49% versus 20%; P < 0.01). Analysis by the type of gallstones showed a significantly higher incidence of bilirubinate in cases with juxtapapillary diverticula. Stones both in the gallbladder and in the extrahepatic bile ducts were more prevalent in cases with diverticula as compared with the cases without diverticula. No significant relationship was found between juxtapapillary diverticula and the degree of histologic changes in the papilla of Vater, such as inflammatory cellular infiltration, fibrous proliferation, glandular proliferation, or muscular hypertrophy and proliferation of the sphincter of Oddi. These facts imply that juxtapapillary diverticula are not involved in the formation of gallstones via histologic changes of the papilla of Vater, whereas diverticula may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gallstones, especially of bilirubin stones.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Different susceptibilities to attenuated poliovirus of cynomolgus monkeys from the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries.

Susceptibilities to attenuated poliovirus of cynomolgus monkeys were assessed by the intraspinal inoculation method with the same single bulk lot as the reference for each of the three poliovirus types. The lesion-inducing virus dose in the spinal cord of 50% of monkeys inoculated (LID50) varied widely from 10(6.4) to lower than 10(2.5), the difference being as much as 10,000-fold, depending on the birth place of the monkey. The birth places of the monkeys used were traced and categorized into the following three districts; the peninsular region, Indonesia and the Philippines. The LID50 value of the attenuated poliovirus in the monkeys from the Philippines were much lower than those in the monkeys from the other two districts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Flow cytometric BrdU/DNA assay for anticancer agent sensitivity test].

The significance of BrdU/DNA double staining method using flow cytometry as a chemosensitivity test of anticancer agents is herein reported. Experimentally, CDDP, ADM and MMC yielded a significant increase of G2 phase fraction at 24, 48 and 72 hours, and caused a significant decrease of BrdU labeling index at 48 hours. The changes of G2 phase fraction and BrdU labeling index were correlated well with the result of colony forming test, and, therefore, were considered as a useful index of lethal effect of anticancer agents. For the clinical application, enzymatic preparation and discontinuous Ficoll density gradient method might be advantageous to collect viable tumor cells from solid specimen. Flow cytometric BrdU/DNA assay can be clinically applied as a chemosensitivity test in selecting effective anticancer drugs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Early carcinoma of the gallbladder.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the definition and clinicopathological characteristics of early cancer of the gallbladder. DESIGN: Open study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 78 patients with pathological stage T1a and 11 with pT1b tumours. INTERVENTIONS: Of those with pT1a tumours, 51 were treated by simple, and 27 by radical, cholecystectomy. For those with pT1b tumours the figures were 5 and 11, respectively. RESULTS: There were two recurrences, both in patients with pT1a tumours, histological examination of which had shown tumour present at the surgical margins. There were no cases of neurovascular invasion but only one case of lymphatic invasion that was mild and restricted to the lamina propria in a patient with a pT1b tumour. The outcome in the rest was excellent. CONCLUSION: Most pT1 cancers spread locally. Complete resection results in cure regardless of the scope of the operation done. The main determinant of prognosis is the presence of tumour at the resection margins. All pT1 cancers can therefore be regarded as early cancers of the gallbladder.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term effects and complications of home nasal CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea patients].

We treated 23 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) at home, and examined the long-term compliance, clinical effects, and complications after NCPAP therapy. Nineteen patients continued and four patients discontinued the therapy during the mean observation period of 15 months, and the compliance was 83%. There was no significant difference in age, weight, and sleep data between the compliant group (C) and non-compliant group (NC). The causes of discontinuation of therapy were lack of adaptation to the apparatus (2 cases), improvement of clinical symptoms due to weight reduction (1 case), and induction of asthma attack (1 case). Disappearance of excessive daytime sleepiness, improvement of sleep quality, and disappearance of nocturia were observed in most cases, and disappearance of morning headache and improvement of sexual ability and emotional instability were also observed in several cases. Nine cases (39%) complained of discomfort due to the nasal mask and 6 cases (26%) complained of dryness of the mouth and nose, whereas 10 cases (43%) experienced no adverse effects. No serious complications were observed. These findings suggest that long-term home NCPAP is an effective and safe treatment for OSAS patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Controversy--surgical vs. medical management of inflammatory bowel disease].

The controversy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is how to decide surgical vs. medical management in each case. Of 309 patients with ulcerative colitis in our department, 63 (20%) patients had received surgical treatment. The mean age was 33.5 +/- 13.7 years old and the mean duration from onset to operation was 6.72 +/- 5.51 years. The indications for surgical treatment were 47 (75%) resistant cases against medical treatment, 9 (14%) severe cases and 7 (11%) cancer or dysplasia cases. In surgical cases compared with medical ones, the ratio of total duration (months)/number of admission showed below 10, and the total amount of used steroid was over 300 mg per month. These ratios were considered to be the useful markers for surgical indication. Operative procedures were 15 total proctocolectomy+ileostomy, 29 total colectomy+ileorectal anastomosis, 13 total proctocolectomy+ileoanal anastomosis and 6 others. Restorative proctocolectomy using double stapling method with two stage operation was chosen in 8 patients because of easier and safer operative procedure and a few complications. We conclude that early surgical treatment for the patients resistant against medical management is considered to improve the patients' quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical and non-surgical treatments of gallstones].

Comparisons were made of therapeutic modalities for gallstones. Four-hundred thirty-five patients with gallstones were operated on with the mortality rate of 0.7%. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed in 84 patients with gallbladder stones. Complete stone disappearance rate at 1 year was 31% in patients with one to three radio-lucent stones not larger than 3cm in diameter and 57% in solitary stones up to 2cm with the US pattern of Ia or Ib. There was no major complication. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) was performed in 131 patients with common bile duct stones. The success rate was for stone extraction, was 97%. Immediate complications occurred in 8% cases, yielding the mortality rate of 0.8%. Common bile duct stones recurred in 2 of 113 patients (3%). Acute cholecystitis was experienced in 2 of 43 patients with the gallbladder left in situ; 2 of 12 with and none of 31 without gallbladder stones. In conclusion, ESWL is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients. EST can be the first-choice modality in the treatment of not only the post-cholecystectomy cases but also the patients with the gallbladder without stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Management of patients with impaired glucose tolerance following esophagectomy in carcinoma of the esophagus].

We demonstrated the effectiveness of the "sliding scale" insulin infusion in diabetic patients undergoing esophagectomy. Fifty-eight patients were followed after esophagectomy to clarify differences in energy expenditure and caloric contributions of substrates. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after esophagectomy. Out of 58 patients, 7 were divided into diabetic (D), 30 into borderline (B), 21 into normal (N), according to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, preoperatively. Forty-four patients underwent esophagectomy by means of right thoracotomy, and blunt esophagectomy was done on 14 patients. The results were as follows: 1) No relation was found between postoperative morbidity and severity of glucose intolerance. 2) There was no significant difference in changes in energy expenditure following operation among groups D, B, and N. No difference was found in ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure among groups D, B, and N. Caloric contributions of substrates seemed to be comparable among groups D, B, and N. These results suggest that "sliding scale" insulin infusion with total parenteral nutrition enable us to control not only blood glucose level but energy metabolism following esophagectomy in diabetic patients.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship of smoking to absenteeism due to illness and injury in male workers].

The relationship between smoking and absenteeism due to illness and injury was studied in 21,924 male workers employed in the chemical fiber industry in Japan. Smokers had a significantly higher incidence of absence than non-smokers. The proportion of cases of absence in smokers was 30% higher and the number of days of absence was 28% greater than in non-smokers. Ex-smokers also had a significantly higher incidence of absence than non-smokers. In ex-smokers the proportion of cases of absence was 22% higher and the number of days of absence was 68% greater than in non-smokers. Although there was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in the number of days of absence attributed to cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, smokers were absent for about twice as many days as non-smokers for diseases of the digestive system. For ex-smokers the number of days of absence was 4.3 times higher for cardiovascular diseases, 1.5 times higher for respiratory diseases, and 2.9 times higher for digestive system diseases than in non-smokers. After correction for age, type of work, Body Mass Index, exercise, and drinking by multiple logistic analysis significantly elevated relative risks for absence persisted both in smokers and ex-smokers vs. non-smokers at 1.4 and 1.3, respectively. Significant dose-response relationships between incidence of absence and the number of cigarettes smoked per day were observed in respiratory disease, diseases of the digestive system and all disease causes. A significant dose-response relationship between incidence of absence and smoking index was also observed for diseases of the digestive system. These findings clearly indicate that smoking by workers was associated with absence due to illness and injury, and suggest that smoking was a factor contributing to an increase in absenteeism due to illness and injury in workers.

Absenteeism↗