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Biomedical subjects

T Muto

Publications and source records attributed to T Muto.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Effect of training fitness on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders in glucose metabolism].

Effects of physical training on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism were investigated in 359 males, 30-59 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and fructosamine (FA) were measured before and after the 2 month period of physical training at intensities of about 50% of maximal O2 uptake. Results are summarized as follows; 1. Means of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC and FA after the training were significantly lower than before the training. Mean of HDL-C was significantly higher than before the training. 2. In subjects with high BMI (n = 124), high SBP (n = 129) and high DBP (n = 128), means of BMI, SBP and DBP decreased with increase of training time per week. In subjects with low HDL-C (n = 104), high TC (n = 135) and high FA (n = 66), changes in means of TC, HDL-C and FA after the training did not show a relationship to training time per week. 3. Differences observed for measured values before and after the training of 2-3 hours per week were 0.4 kg/m2 in BMI, 15 mmHg in SBP and 10 mmHg in DBP, suggesting that training of 2-3 hours per week was effective in intervention of obesity and hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Correlations between estrogen receptor and prognostic factors of patients with breast cancer. The Kanto Cooperative Study Group of Adjuvant Chemoendocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer, Japan].

We investigated possible correlations between estrogen receptor (ER) and prognostic factors in 3,789 patients with stage II or stage IIIa breast cancer in Japan. The patients with ER-positive tumors showed a significantly better prognosis in the 5-year survival rate and the 5-year disease-free survival rate compared with the patients with ER-negative-tumor. Positivities increased with increasing patient age, with increasing tumor size, and lowering degree of cell differentiation, and no relation was observed between the positivities and tumor sites, obesity index, and lymph-node metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relation between exercise and absenteeism due to illness and injury in manufacturing companies in Japan.

The relation between exercise and absenteeism due to illness and injury was assessed in 21,924 male workers. Exercisers I (engaging in exercise less than once a week), II (once or twice a week), and III (more than three times a week) had a significantly lower incidence of absence than nonexercisers. The proportion of cases of absence in exercisers I, II, and III was 10%, 10%, and 14% lower, respectively, than that of nonexercisers. The number of days absent among exercisers I, II, and III was 48%, 43%, and 26% lower, respectively, than among nonexercisers. Controlling for confounding factors by logistic analysis, significantly reduced relative risk of absence persisted among exercisers I, II, and III versus nonexercisers at 0.88, 0.90, and 0.87, respectively. These findings indicate that worker exercise was associated with absence due to illness and injury.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1993

Cystopancreaticostomy and longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy as a simpler technique of combined drainage operation for chronic pancreatitis with pancreatitis with pancreatic pseudocyst causing persistent cholestasis.

A simpler combined drainage operation for a patient with chronic pancreatitis and chronic pseudocyst is described in the following conditions: the pancreatic duct was markedly dilated, the cyst was located directly behind the main pancreatic duct in the head of the pancreas and separate from the duodenum and the cyst caused persistent CBD stricture and cholestasis mainly by its compressive effect. The pancreatic duct was opened anteriorly throughout its length. A second incision was made in the posterior wall of the main pancreatic duct into the cyst and the edge of the opening was sutured for hemostasis. The opened pancreas was anastomosed to a Roux-en-Y jejunal limb according to the ordinary method of longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy. This technique, cystopancreaticostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy, may provide a simpler and effective operative strategy for patients with chronic pancreatitis and pseudocyst in similar conditions.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1993

[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy].

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed in 84 patients with gallbladder stones. The gallstones completely disappeared within 12 months after ESWL, in 31% of the patients with one to three radiolucent stones not larger than 3 cm in diameter and in 57% of the patients with a solitary stone up to 2 cm with the ultrasonographic gallstone pattern of I a or I b. There was no major complication. ESWL is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients with a solitary radiolucent stone not larger than 2 cm with I a or I b pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Synthetic protease inhibitors in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation].

Anticoagulant therapy, correction of the hypercoagulable state underlying DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), can help the treatment of DIC. Synthetic protease inhibitors, which can block serine proteases, such as thrombin and plasmin, in the coagulative-fibrinolytic system, could prevent activation of coagulation factors and development of DIC, if administered properly. Clinically applicated protease inhibitors at present, such as gabexate mesilate (FOY), nafamostat mesilate (FUTHAN), urinastatin (MIRACLID), do not have the same spectrum of action, but the common characteristics are as follows. These inhibitors may be superior to heparin and do not require antithrombin III for their activities because of the competitive inhibitors to coagulative enzymes. The half time of these agents in human circulating blood is within several minutes and shorter than that of heparin.

Benzamidines↗
PubMed1993

Activation of extrathymic T cells in the liver during liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy.

Partial hepatectomy was performed in C57BL/6 mice to investigate whether extrathymic T cells in the liver are activated during liver regeneration. This study is based on the finding that in mice with malignant tumours, extrathymic T cells in the liver are activated and yet the intrathymic pathway is suppressed (i.e. thymic atrophy). Attention was therefore focused on whether a similar phenomenon is induced during benign cell regeneration. Extrathymic T cells were identified using the two-colour immunofluorescence test for CD3 and interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain (IL-2R beta) [or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)] antigens. They were estimated to be intermediate CD3+ [or T-cell receptor (TcR)] cells with high expressions of IL-2R beta and LFA-1. It was demonstrated that the proportion and number of intermediate CD3+ cells increased in the early phase (days 2-4 after partial hepatectomy), and that the thymus was inversely atrophic at the same time. This raised the possibility that extrathymic T cells may also be responsible for regulation of normal cell regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinicopathological characteristics of hepatic hilar bile duct carcinoma.

We reviewed thirty cases of hepatic hilar bile duct carcinoma found in 5,800 consecutive autopsy cases, mainly of the aged, and analysed their clinicopathological characteristics. Eleven cases had a record of tumor resection (8 men, 3 women, mean age 75.1 years). At operation, the gross type was mainly infiltrative in all eleven cases, and the stage was II, III or IV in as many as ten cases. Cholecystectomy and bile duct resection were performed in all cases except one in whom additional hepatic lobectomy was performed. In none of the cases was the operation curative. The main cause of non-curability was residual carcinoma on the surgical cut or ablated surface due to longitudinal or lateral cancerous interstitial spread. This was confirmed by the fact that local relapse of carcinoma, either in the hepatic hilus or hepatoduodenal ligament, was found in all the cases at autopsy. This fact also indicates the difficulty in achieving complete resection of carcinoma in this part. On the other hand, a relatively "benign" aspect of hepatic hilar bile duct carcinoma was suggested as follows: 1. Most of the cases were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. 2. Although there was no case of curative resection, three out of of nine cases (excluding the cases of death during operation) survived more than two years. 3. Distant metastasis found at autopsy was relatively rare, being seen in four of these eleven cases. In the light of these data an operation, even though palliative, is considered to be justified.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Establishment of a highly sensitive and specific exon-trapping system.

We have established a highly sensitive and specific exon-trapping system (SETS) with a specific plasmid vector in which an exon in a given DNA segment is identified by its ability to remain as a mature mRNA after splicing. The SETS provides us with the isolation of possible exons rapidly and easily from DNA fragments in chromosomal regions of more than 300 kilobase pairs. Genomic DNA fragments were partially digested and subsequently cloned into plasmid pMHC2, an exon-trapping vector we have constructed. These constructs were transfected into COS-7 cells, and consequent RNA transcripts were spliced in the cells. The resulting mature mRNA was harvested and amplified by using reverse transcription-PCR. Possible exons can be recognized by the sizes of PCR products and cloned into a plasmid vector. The SETS provides a direct means of cloning exons from genomic DNA of more than 300 kilobase pairs within a short period of time. Using this system, we have screened 300-kilobase-pair genomic DNA segments derived from human chromosome 11q13. Human chromosome 11q13 may contain genes responsible for human cancers, because DNA amplification is observed in several malignant tumors. We have successfully identified exon 2 of the HST1 gene and additional transcribed sequences.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between gallbladder carcinoma and the segmental type of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder.

Specimens from 3197 consecutive and unselected cholecystectomies performed during a 6-year period were studied. Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder was defined as a lesion characterized by a thickened wall that consisted of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses surrounded by proliferated fibromuscular tissue. Adenomyomatosis was found in 279 specimens and classified as one of three types: segmental, fundal, or diffuse. Segmental adenomyomatosis was found in 188 specimens; gallbladder cancer (GBC) developed in 12 (6.4%) of the patients with segmental type adenomyomatosis. GBC developed in the mucosa of the fundal compartment distal to the annular stricture of the segmental type adenomyomatosis in all 12 of these patients. Conversely, GBC developed in 93 (3.1%) of the other 3009 patients (those with fundal alone, diffuse, or no adenomyomatosis). The prevalence of GBC in patients with segmental adenomyomatosis was significantly (P less than 0.025) higher than that of patients without segmental adenomyomatosis. Clinicians should be aware that segmental adenomyomatosis often coexists with GBC.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: endoscopic resection of tumour.

The clinicopathological features of 748 solitary early gastric cancers were examined with regard to lymph node metastasis. Among several factors, only depth of invasion and tumour size correlated significantly with node involvement. Tumours which satisfy the following criteria may not metastasize to lymph nodes: (1) confined to the mucosa; (2) less than 1.5 cm in diameter; (3) macroscopically elevated; (4) macroscopically depressed, without intramural ulcers or ulcer scars (endoscopically, no fold convergence); and (5) histologically differentiated. With a recently developed endoscopic technique small gastric tumours can safely be resected. The cut margin and depth of tumour invasion can be verified histologically in the specimen. If an endoscopically removed tumour satisfies the above criteria, further surgical intervention may be optional as the outcome of endoscopic resection is comparable to that of radical surgery in the absence of node involvement.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Identification of the regional lymphatic system of the gallbladder by vital staining.

In 21 patients with biliary tract cancer dye was injected into the lymphatic system of the gallbladder to determine the extent of its regional lymph nodes. A volume of 0.1-0.3 ml 1 per cent indigo carmine solution was injected directly into lymphatic vessels of the gallbladder in eight patients and into lymph nodes (cystic node or pericholedochal nodes) in 13 patients during radical surgery for biliary tract cancer. The lymphatic system was visualized in a total of 14 patients. The dye descended around the bile duct, flowed into the cystic node, the pericholedochal nodes and the lymph nodes posterior to the head and neck of the pancreas, and finally reached the interaortocaval nodes adjacent to the left renal vein. The stained lymphatic tissue was regarded as the regional lymphatic system of the gallbladder. These nodes should be completely resected during radical surgery for gallbladder cancer.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: necessity for prospective randomized trial.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is now widely used in cases of surgically unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is unclear whether patients with surgically resectable hepatocellular carcinoma should always be treated with hepatectomy as opposed to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Sixty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatectomy, whereas 29 patients with more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization at our hospital from 1984 to 1990. All cases were associated with cirrhosis of Child class A or B. All of them underwent hepatectomy or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the first time. Their outcomes were determined on March 31, 1991. The backgrounds and survival curves for hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization were compared in both Child A and Child B patients. For both Child A and B patients, no significant difference was found between hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with respect to age, sex, cause of underlying cirrhosis, liver function assessed by indocyanine green test and maximum diameter of the main tumor. The incidence of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma, more advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (TNM stage III or IV) or both was significantly higher in the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization group than in the hepatectomy group for both Child A and Child B patients. The survival curves of both the hepatectomy and the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization groups showed no significant difference for both Child A and Child B patients. A prospective study is therefore warranted to elucidate whether hepatectomy or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is more effective for treating resectable hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Marked and prolonged depression of factor XIII after esophageal resection.

Anastomotic leakage is one of the most common complications of esophagectomy and, since Factor XIII is required for normal wound healing, we investigated the temporal changes in plasma Factor XIII following esophagectomy and hepatectomy. A control group of patients undergoing other abdominal operations was also studied. Factor XIII activity was determined before surgery and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 7 and 14. The plasma levels of acute phase protein were also measured. The plasma Factor XIII activity decreased significantly in both the hepatectomy and control groups until POD 7, reaching the lowest level on POD 3. In contrast, the esophagectomy group showed significant decreases in Factor XIII levels throughout the postoperative study period, with a nadir with an average activity of 56 per cent on POD 7. Preoperative transferrin levels had a positive correlation with Factor XIII levels measured on POD 3 and there was also a positive significant correlation between Factor XIII activity and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels on POD 3. These results suggest that there is a marked and prolonged depression of plasma Factor XIII activity following esophagectomy which may be attributed to accelerated tissue demands, inadequate synthesis or increased degradation. Moreover, the severe and sustained decrease in Factor XIII activity may be related to poor wound healing after esophagectomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a sensitive marker of intestinal ischemia.

Determination of the serum level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein has been used to detect rat intestinal ischemia following ligation or 30-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The normal values were under the minimal detectable level of less than 2 ng/ml in all the 10 rats. The serum fatty acid-binding protein level increased rapidly, to 340.7 +/- 54.6, 438.5 +/- 40.1, 388.1 +/- 37.4, and 292.2 +/- 95.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr after ligation, respectively. It also increased, to 347.2 +/- 127.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1 hr, after a 30-min transient occlusion and then returned to a normal level. Histological studies showed destruction of the villi, disappearance of the mucosa, and transmural necrosis with the progress of time after ligation, while no remarkable morphological change was observed following 30-min transient occlusion. These observations strongly suggest that the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein is a useful biochemical marker for intestinal ischemia, particularly in the early reversible phase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Distribution and quantification of somatostatin in inflammatory disease.

To study the possible alteration of mucosal-submucosal somatostatin-containing cells in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), the total numbers of somatostatin-containing endocrine cells (SCEC) and submucosal ganglion cells (SGC) were counted in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Tissue specimens from 25 CD and 25 UC patients were fixed in Hollande's fixative immediately after resection and were investigated by immunohistochemical staining. A single specimen was collected from 25 colorectal cancer patients, the control group. There was a significant difference in the number of SCEC between the tissues taken from the proximal colon (ascending and transverse colon) and the distal colon (descending and sigmoid colon). The distal colon tended to contain more somatostatin-immunoreactive cells than did the proximal colon. In IBD, SCEC were decreased in number compared with the controls. This decrease was related to the degree of inflammation in CD; the higher the grade of inflammation, the lower the number of SCEC. The number of SGC was decreased in IBD: however, a significant decrease was noticed only in CD. The anatomic origin and the degree of inflammation did not affect the number of SGC. In the present study, the decrease of somatostatin-containing cells was noticed in both CD and UC, but there was no significant difference between CD and UC. Therefore, it was assumed that this decrease was secondary to inflammation. However, the decrease of somatostatin, which works as an inhibitory peptide for inflammation, might have some role in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Local immunity and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

The subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 were measured in the resected tissues of 32 colorectal cancers without metastasis and 14 with metastasis in order to investigate the local immunity in metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Subsets of TIL (Leu 1, Leu 2a, Leu 3a, Leu 10, Leu 11b, IL-2 receptor) were detected by immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissues. The number of positive cells was counted and expressed as number positive per 250 x 250 microns 2. The numbers of T cells (Leu 1) and natural killer cells (Leu 11b) were larger in early cancers and decreased in parallel with the presence of metastasis (control [n = 9]: 89 +/- 28, 6 +/- 4; early cancers [n = 9]: 269 +/- 112*, 76 +/- 56*; advanced cancers without metastasis [n = 11]: 182 +/- 80*, 56 +/- 59*; advanced cancers with metastasis [n = 11]: 76 +/- 42*, 26 +/- 21; values are mean +/- SD; * P less than 0.05, ANOVA). The level of PG E2 from the draining vein (V) measured by radioimmunoassay was higher than that from the feeding artery (A) (119.1 +/- 14.3 vs. 15.4 +/- 1.9 pg/ml; P less than 0.001). The PG E2 V/A ratio of cancers with metastasis was significantly higher than that of those without metastasis (13.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.8; P less than 0.001). TIL was decreased in parallel with the increase of PG E2 V/A ratio. We conclude that TIL and PG E2 may play an important role in metastasis of colorectal carcinoma and that PG E2 has an adverse effect in suppressing local immunity and enhancing metastasis.

Analysis of Variance↗