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Biomedical subjects

T Murohashi

Publications and source records attributed to T Murohashi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Recurrent breast cancer successfully treated with a weekly dose of paclitaxel--a case report].

The patient was a 46-year-old women who was treated for axillary lymph node recurrence of breast cancer by a variety of methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, but who experienced recurrences in the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes and skin, and developed hydrothorax and ascites. Although the recurrent foci responded to 4 cycles of CAF chemotherapy, there was concern that the foci would become refractory or resistant to chemotherapy. The administration of paclitaxel was therefore initiated. The patient received a dose of paclitaxel once a week for 5 consecutive weeks followed by a 1-week recovery period (one cycle). After two cycles of the paclitaxel treatment, a marked shrinkage of the lymph nodes and complete resolution of the hydrothorax and ascites were observed. Even though the patient exhibited bone marrow suppression and G-CSF was administered twice for neutropenia, there were no adverse effects except mild alopecia, again suggesting the possibility that paclitaxel is effective chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2000

[Two cases of recurrent gastric cancer for which combination chemotherapy with pirarubicin, cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil were markedly effective].

In the treatment of 2 patients with recurrent gastric cancer who showed bone metastasis and lymph node recurrence, we administered 30 mg/body of pirarubicin (THP) on the first day of treatment, and 30 mg/body of cis-platinum (CDDP) and 500 mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 3 days (FP therapy). Marked effects were achieved. Gastric cancer of Borrmann IV type was diagnosed in Case 1, and total gastrectomy was performed. The histological type was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the histological classification was II. A bone metastasis was found three years after operation. The patient was CR after three courses of treatment, and has survived for 2 years. In Case 2, advanced gastric cancer was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and distal gastrectomy. The histological type was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the histological classification was IIIa. Obstructive jaundice due to lymph node recurrence developed 6 years after operation. Two courses of treatment were provided after PTCD, and PR was observed. The patient has survived for 3 months. Both patients exhibited mild side effects such as anemia and leukocytopenia, but no serious complications were observed. Although various dosage regimens of FP therapy have been investigated, there has been a certain limit to the response rate achieved by this therapy, and new protocols have been explored. We achieved marked effects in 2 patients by adding THP to FP therapy. These cases are reported here together with some discussion of cases reported in the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis of the salvage synthesis within biosynthesis of nucleic acid route in colon cancer].

Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), uridine phosphorylase (UP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidylate synthetase (TS) are enzymes which analyze the salvage synthesis within the biosynthesis of the nucleic acid route of colon cancer. These enzymes were measured in carcinoma and normal tissue. OPRT was 0.065 +/- 0.041 nmol/min/mg protein, TP 4.04 +/- 2.81 nmol/min/mg protein, UP 1.79 +/- 1.19 nmol/min/mg protein, DPD 23.8 +/- 12.0 pmol/min/mg protein, and TS 6.1 +/- 4.4 pmol/g tissue in the normal tissue, and OPRT was 0.199 +/- 0.146 nmol/min/mg protein, TP 13.63 +/- 6.04 nmol/min/mg protein, UP 5.84 +/- 2.37 nmol/min/mg protein, DPD 22.0 +/- 13.4 pmol/min/mg protein, TS 16.9 +/- 7.8 pmol/g tissue in the carcinoma. OPRT, TP, and UP in the carcinoma mainly existed about 3.06-3.37 times that in normal tissue and TS at about 2.77 times. No significant difference was seen in DPD. A correlation was found between OPRT in normal tissue and carcinoma. Biosynthesis of nucleic acid via salvage synthesis is actively stimulated. Enzymatic activity related to uracil was high, and was thought to be closely connected to the growth of the cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Immunotherapeutic trials of murine and guinea-pig solid tumors by oral administration of BCG.

Efficacy of oral administration of BCG on the growth of various tumors in mice and guinea pigs was studied. The growth-inhibitory effect varied depending on the tumor systems and the experimental conditions. Weekly oral administrations with 5-mg doses of BCG to mice or 80-mg doses of BCG to guinea pigs were ineffective on syngeneic mouse melanoma B16 or syngeneic guinea pig hepatocarcinoma line-10 but effective on syngeneic mouse carcinoma IMC and syngeneic guinea-pig fibrosarcoma H9A. Oral BCG seemed effective also on allogeneic mouse carcinoma Ehrlich, developed with a relatively small size of tumor cell inoculum, and on guinea-pig syngeneic liposarcoma H10. On Ehrlich tumors, oral BCG given once a week seemed to have better effects than did oral BCG given twice a week or subcutaneously once or repeatedly; heat-killed BCG given orally showed no effect. However, it seems premature to draw a definite conclusion on the efficacy of oral BCG on Ehrlich and H10 tumors, because some of these tumors regressed spontaneously even in nontreated control animals. The host responses to oral BCG were studied with the following results. Weekly oral administration with 80-mg doses of BCG to guinea pigs elicited positive skin reactions to 25 TU PPD in about 65 days after the first BCG, while a single sc injection of 8 mg of BCG did so within 10 days. Orally administered BCG organisms were recovered largely from Peyer's patches, a little from the mesenteric lymph nodes, and very little from the liver and the spleen. The BCG distributive pattern was in reverse order when BCG was given subcutaneously. Histologic examinations of Peyer's patches indicated enlargement of germinal centers, in which primitive reticular cells proliferated prominently and the macrophages with tingible bodies scattered frequently.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Mouse-strain difference in immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects of BCG on carcinogen-induced autochthonous tumors.

The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of BCG on the tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) were studied comparatively between two inbred mouse strains, SWM/Ms and C3H/He, the first tumor appeared 5 weeks after MCA and the cumulative tumor incidence reached almost 100% within 20 weeks. On the other hand, the first tumor appeared 8 weeks after MCA in SWM/Ms, the number of tumor-bearers increased more slowly than in C3H/He, and the final tumor incidence (at 30 weeks) was about 90-80%. Single subcutaneous injection with BCG 2 weeks prior to MCA significantly protected SWM/Ms from tumor development, but not in C3H/He. These tumors, once appeared grew progressively and killed the hosts equally in both the strains. Intratumor (i.t.) injection with BCG showed more or less therapeutic effects in SWM/Ms; most tumors regressed or retarded after BCG. The time period after tumor-appearance to tumor-death was prolonged in most of SWM/Ms mice given i.t. injection with BCG, except a few mice that died earlier than non-treated controls after BCG. Contrary, no therapeutic effect of i.t. injection with BCG was observed in C3H/He. different host responses to BCG between SWM/Ms and C3H/He were found by the peritoneal macrophage disappearance test and the footpad reaction test; SWM/Ms was a high-responder to BCG and C3H/He was a low-responder. The marked differences between SWM/Ms and C3H/He in prophylactic and therapeutic effects of BCG on the autochthonous tumors were discussed in terms of difference of the host immune response to BCG that is defined genetically.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Responses of tumors induced in inbred guinea pig strain JY=1 and strain Hartley/F to BCG.

A transplantable fibrosarcoma induced in inbred JY-1 guinea pig strain by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and designated J4, an allotransplantable subline of J4 (JH4) which was obtained by the transplantation of J4 into the inbred Hartley/F guinea pig strain and maintained by passages in this strain, and a syngeneic liposarcoma H10 induced in a Hartley/F guinea pig by MCA were tested for their immunotherapeutic response with BCG. The growth of J4 and H10 tumors was suppressed in most of the animals when tumor cells were mixed with BCG before being injected sc into BCG-immune or BCG-nonimmune recipients. The growth of the JH4 tumor was suppressed at the sites of injection with a mixture of tumor cells and BCG in BCG-immune recipients but not in nonimmune animals. All guinea pigs surviving the injection of a tumor cell-BCG mixture resisted a second tumor cell challenge. When subcutaneous sarcomas grew to about 8-15 mm in diameter, BCG was injected into the tumors. The growth of JH4 tumor was not influenced by the injection in either BCG-immune or BCG-nonimmune animals, while the regression of the established J4 transplants was produced in 2 of 3 nonimmune recipients. The growth of the H10 tumor was not inhibited with an intratumor injection into nonimmune guinea pigs, while the H10 tumor regressed in BCG-immune animals for 4-5 weeks after intratumor injection and thereafter grew progressively. Skin reactions in animals that received repeated intradermal injections of the tumor cells and BCG were tested with 10(6) viable tumor cells as eliciting antigens. Typical delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions that were specific to the homologous antigens were observed. The possible reasons for the different responses to BCG among the guinea pig tumors, including line-10 hepatocarcinoma in strain-2 guinea pigs, were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Atrial myxoma associated with multiple hamartomas.

A case of cardiac myxoma associated with renal angiofibrolipomas, renal medullary fibromas, thyroid adenoma and jejunal polyp was presented. So far as we know, the combined form of cardiac myxoma and renal hamartoma has not been hitherto reported. The combination of these various complications may suggest the relationships of tuberous sclerosis, Cowden disease, lymphangiomatosis among others. Besides it is noteworthy that the three of them, i.e. cardiac myxoma, renal angiofibrolipomas and thyroid adenoma, presented considerable atypism at the same time. As to the histogenesis of cardiac myxoma, this case may be in accord with the hamartoma theory.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

World Health Organization studies on bacteriophage typing of mycobacteria. Subdivision of the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The ability of lytic mycobacteriophages to subdivide the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis reliably has been studied using a series of 100 strains isolated from cases of tuberculosis in the Netherlands. Techniques for the propagation and application of the viruses have been standardized, as have the conditions for growth and preparation of bacterial strains. On the basis of lytic results with 11 mycobacteriophages, it is proposed that the species Mycobacterium tuverculosis may be subdivided into at least 3 major phage types, A, B, and C, and into 2 subjects, Ax and A2. The reliability of the individual bacteriophage lytic result has been assessed, and the relationship between phage reliability and the degree of certainty with which a strain may be assigned to a phage type is described. The effect of rigorous standardization of techniques on the reliability of bacteriphage typing is demonstrated, and a standard protocol is proposed.

Bacteriophage Typing↗