Precision measurement of the hyperfine structure and nuclear moments of 180mTa by laser-rf double resonance.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Murayama
Publications and source records attributed to T Murayama.
Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activate human alveolar macrophages to inhibit growth of Mycobacterium avium complex.
We investigated the effects of certain macrophage-active cytokines on the phagocytosis and growth inhibition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) by human alveolar macrophages (AM). We also evaluated the effects of pretreatment with each cytokine on the superoxide anion release (O2-) from AM. The cytokines that we used were recombinant GM-CSF, natural type TNF-alpha, recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and recombinant IL-2. We found that phagocytosis by the various cytokine-stimulated AM was similar to that of unstimulated AM. On the other hand, significant growth inhibition of MAC was observed in the macrophages treated with GM-CSF or TNF-alpha, while no growth inhibition of MAC was observed in the macrophages treated with IFN-gamma or IL-2. Pretreatment with all cytokines tested enhanced the O2- release from AM, but there was no correlation between the enhancement of O2- release and the growth inhibition of MAC. Thus, we concluded that GM-CSF or TNF-alpha could activate AM to inhibit growth of MAC, probably not through the enhanced production of reactive oxygen intermediates.
Adult↗
Enhancement human cytomegalovirus replication in a human lung fibroblast cell line by interleukin-8.
We examined the effects of interleukin-8 (IL-8) on cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in human fibroblasts. Exposure of fibroblasts to IL-8 augmented both infectious virus production and replication of CMV, with concomitant increases in the levels of both the transcript of the CMV pp71 genome and the synthesis of the CMV late antigen. We also found that CMV selectively induced transcripts of the IL-8 type 1 receptor in fibroblasts. These results suggest that IL-8 also contributes to inflammatory diseases by enhancing CMV replication and that CMV regulates its production through induction of IL-8 receptor.
Cell Line↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with a combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and transportal ethanol injection.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of transportal ethanol injection (TPEI) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization to achieve complete tumor necrosis and prevent intrahepatic metastases in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 13 patients with HCC, chemoembolization was performed with injection of a mixture of iodized oil and doxorubicin hydrochloride followed by administration of gelatin sponge; 1-4 weeks later, TPEI was performed with percutaneous transhepatic portography. Ethanol (15-65 mL) was injected in the portal veins around the tumor until occlusion. RESULTS: TPEI was successfully performed in all patients. Two patients subsequently underwent surgery; their tumors were resected completely. Two died of hepatic failure. Seven of the nine other patients showed no recurrence or intrahepatic metastasis during follow-up (7-42 months). Histologic examination, performed in nine patients, showed complete necrosis of tumor and scattered or severe necrosis of surrounding tissues. CONCLUSION: This treatment has a strong anticancerous effect and is expected to be used in treatment of properly selected patients with HCC.
Aged↗
Effects of sevoflurane on central nervous system electrical activity in cats.
We analyzed the effect of a new volatile anesthetic, sevoflurane (2%-5% in oxygen) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the neocortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), and brainstem reticular multiunit activity (R-MUA) in cats. Sevoflurane suppressed the background activity of the neocortex more than the amygdala and hippocampus. With increasing concentration of sevoflurane, the cortical EEG progressed from high-amplitude slow waves to a suppression-burst pattern, which was followed by an isoelectric pattern and then spikes with isoelectricity. The amplitude of the SEP was augmented and the R-MUA was suppressed by sevoflurane in a dose-related manner. Repetitive peripheral electrical stimulation induced generalized seizures at 5% sevoflurane in 2 of 13 cats. These results suggest that sevoflurane suppresses the background central nervous system electrical activities in a dose-related manner, leaving the reactive capabilities facilitated at deep anesthesia.
Anesthetics↗
The monoamine content of the brain in the neurofilament-deficient quail, (the Quiver quail).
Changes in neurotransmission are known to take place in a variety of conditions, such as Parkinson's disease. A neurofilament-deficient mutant of the Japanese quail, named the Quiver quail, exhibits generalized quivering as a clinical sign. The content of monoamines (noradrenaline (NA), dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) and the uptake and release of L-[3H]NA were measured in brain of this bird. In Quiver, the NA content in neostriatum and thalamus, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine content in neostriatum, paleostriatum and thalamus were significantly increased, in comparison with the normal quail. The dopamine content and L-[3H]NA uptake and release in the Quiver mutant were similar to those in normal quail.
Animals↗
Elevated cytokine levels in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis correlates with the presence of cytomegalovirus genome.
Synovial fluid aspirated from 34 patients with symptomatic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was evaluated for the presence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) genomic material using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbence assay. IL-8 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in CMV DNA-positive RA patients than CMV DNA-negative RA patients and at least 10-fold higher than in both corresponding control groups of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). These findings suggest an association between elevated IL-8 and IL-6 levels and the presence of the CMV genome in RA patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Functional characterization of two cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor isoforms: a preferential splice donor site in the human receptor gene.
The cholecystokinin-B and gastrin receptor is encoded by a single gene composed of five exons and spanning over 10 kilobases on human chromosome 11p 15.5-->15.4. Exon 4 has two possible alternative splicing donor sites that seem to be conserved in other species such as the canine, rat, Mastomys, and mouse. They could generate two receptor isoforms (short- and long-form), which differ in their putative third cytoplasmic domain of the serpentine G-protein-coupled receptors. In the present study, we examined whether an alternative splicing is operated in a tissue-specific manner and whether two receptor isoforms have functional differences. RNase-protection assay and S1 nuclease mapping demonstrated the preferential expression of the short-form in the human brain as well as the digestive organs, stomach and pancreas. The two putative isoforms of the cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor expressed in mouse fibroblasts showed the same characteristics in their ligand-bindings, the major signal transduction such as phosphoinositides production, cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase, tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the induction of early-responsive genes such as c-fos, c-myc, and c-jun. Moreover, the ligand-dependent trophic effect was seen in both receptor isoforms. Taken together with the absence of tissue-specific expression of two receptor isoforms, these results suggest a species-specific dominant splice donor site in exon 4 of the human receptor gene.
3T3 Cells↗
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia following prolonged alkylating agent therapy for multiple myeloma.
A 35-year-old male presented with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) after 6.5 years of alkylating agent therapy for IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma. The total dose of melphalan was 0.648 g. CMMoL was stable with weekly injection of alpha-interferon for one year. Thereafter, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia aggravated, and the patient died of disseminating intravascular coagulation. Prolonged drug therapy can induce CMMoL, as well as other myelodysplastic syndromes.
Adult↗
Cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor signaling pathway involves tyrosine phosphorylations of p125FAK and p42MAP.
The neuro-intestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin has been suggested to have a trophic effect on gastro-intestinal tract in vivo as well as in vitro. In the present study, the human CCK-B/gastrin receptor was expressed in mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts to investigate the molecular basis of signal transduction pathway of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (G protein)-coupled receptor. Human CCK-B/gastrin receptor expressed in NIH3T3 cells coupled efficiently to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, and transduced mitogenic signals assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CCK-8 or gastrin I alone promoted the cell growth in serum-free medium. CCK-8 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several protein species. Among them, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was tyrosine phosphorylated and activated in response to CCK-8, as was induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK (focal adhesion kinase) was induced by CCK-8 but not by PDGF. CCK-8 as well as gastrin I induced the expression of early responsive genes such as c-fos and c-myc. These results suggest that CCK-B/gastrin receptors might transmit mitogenic signals by cross-talking with the tyrosine kinase cascades.
3T3 Cells↗
Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase and S-100b protein in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
We measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100b protein (S-100b) using enzyme immunoassay methods, in 24 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and 46 controls, and examined their prognostic values. Sixteen of 24 patients showed elevated levels (> the mean + 2SD levels of controls) of NSE, S-100b, or both, and in those with higher NSE or S-100b levels there was a rather longer duration of disease, whereas 8 patients with the normal levels showed an early recovery. Further, NSE or S-100b levels were significantly correlated with months to recovery. Thus, NSE and S-100b in CSF may be useful markers for predicting the outcome of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Adolescent↗
[Low dose dibutylic cyclic AMP administration during coronary artery bypass graft surgery].
To evaluate the effectiveness of low dose dibutylic cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) during coronary artery bypass graft surgery, we compared circulatory and endocrine-metabolic parameters among the three different doses: (1) DBcAMP 10 microg.kg-1.min-1 (A-10 group), (2) DBcAMP 20 microg.kg-1.min-1 (A-20 group), and (3) control (A-0 group). In the A-10 group, perfusion pressure was significantly higher than in the A-0 group at the point of maximum cooling and at the start of warming during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), while peripheral vascular resistance was significantly lower than in the A-0 group at the closing of CPB. On the contrary, in the A-20 group, perfusion pressure was significantly lower than in the A-0 group at the point of maximum cooling and the start of warming during CPB, while peripheral vascular resistance was significantly lower than in the A-0 group at the start of warming and the closing of CPB. Among these groups, the hourly urine volume during CPB was significantly largest in A-10 group. Endocrine-metabolic parameters showed no statistic difference among these groups. These results suggest that the administration of DBcAMP 10 microg.kg-1.min-1 during CPB might improve the cardiac performance and maintain the tissue perfusion without the endocrine-metabolic deterioration.
Aged↗
Pulmonary venous flow patterns assessed by transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography in left atrial myxoma.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Functional characterization of a human brain cholecystokinin-B receptor. A trophic effect of cholecystokinin and gastrin.
We have cloned a human brain cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor cDNA and characterized its function by introducing it into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly conserved as compared with those of the gastrin receptors in Mastomys enterochromaffin-like cells (90%) and canine parietal cells (89%). Human brain CCK-B receptors possessed slightly but significantly higher affinities for CCK-8 than for gastrin I, while both ligands bound equally to Mastomys enterochromaffin-like cell-derived gastrin receptors. Both CCK-8 and gastrin I markedly augmented phosphoinositide hydrolysis and cytosolic free calcium levels in the CHO transfectants, indicating that the cloned CCK-B receptor could functionally couple with intracellular signaling molecules. Moreover, CCK-8 and gastrin I dose-dependently increased [3H]thymidine incorporation of the CHO transfectants in serum-free medium and promoted cell growth. The CCK-B receptor mRNA was abundantly expressed in particular areas of the human brain and stomach, such as the cerebral cortex and mucosa of the gastric fundus. This is the first demonstration of trophic effects of CCK and gastrin through the normal human brain CCK-B receptor. The availability of this receptor cDNA will help to clarify the precise role of CCK in the central nervous system as well as digestive organs.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Enhanced expression of a tumor-cell-derived collagenase-stimulatory factor in urothelial carcinoma: its usefulness as a tumor marker for bladder cancers.
A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) E11F4, previously raised against the tumor-cell-derived collagenase-stimulatory factor (TCSF) from LX-1 human lung-carcinoma cells, has been used to define the expression and distribution of TCSF in human non-neoplastic urothelium and tumors of the urinary bladder. Immunohistochemically, TCSF was detected in 27/28 transitional-cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder, of which 23 were judged to be positive for TCSF according to objective criteria. Twenty-four of 28 non-neoplastic urothelium from 22 individuals were judged to be negative for TCSF by this criteria. However, TCSF immunostaining that was confined to the superficial umbrella cells was frequently observed in non-neoplastic urothelium. In bladder carcinomas, TCSF was in most cases demonstrated in the majority of cells, including at the invasion front. Its localization to the cell membrane was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. The high level of expression of TCSF in bladder tumors, but not in non-neoplastic urothelium, was also demonstrated by immunoblotting of tissue extracts. Furthermore, E11F4 immunostaining identified tumor cells obtained from bladder washings or voided urine and detected more TCC cases than conventional cytology. Since TCSF immunostaining was positive even in low-grade TCC (immunohistochemically and immunocytochemically in 4/5 TCC grade I), the application of TCSF immunostaining to urine cytology appears promising as a valuable adjunct to conventional methods in the clinical evaluation of patients with TCC.
Antigens, CD↗
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of papillary muscle contractility in patients with prior myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the length and contractile performance of human left ventricular papillary muscles and to determine the relation between papillary muscle dysfunction and mitral regurgitation. BACKGROUND: Assessment of human papillary muscle contractility remains a clinical challenge. METHODS: Two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were performed in 16 normal subjects and 31 patients with prior myocardial infarction. Apical echocardiograms were used to obtain long-axis views of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles. The end-systolic and end-diastolic lengths of the papillary muscles were measured and fractional shortening was calculated. RESULTS: Fractional shortening in normal subjects was 27 +/- 8% for the anterior papillary muscle and 30 +/- 8% for the posterior papillary muscle. In patients with prior myocardial infarction, a significant decrease in fractional shortening was observed in proportion to the severity of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities at the site of papillary muscle implantation. Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation was significantly more frequent in patients with combined anterior and posterior papillary muscle dysfunction than in those with isolated anterior or posterior dysfunction or with normal function of both papillary muscles (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful for demonstrating abnormal contractility of human left ventricular papillary muscles. Papillary muscle contractility should be analyzed in each case to elucidate the mechanism of mitral regurgitation in patients with papillary muscle dysfunction.
Adult↗
Effects of temperature on ADP-ribosylation factor stimulation of cholera toxin activity.
The effects of cholera toxin, a secretory product of Vibrio cholerae, result from ADP-ribosylation of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding (Gs) protein of the adenylyl cyclase system. Cholera toxin A subunit (CTA) also uses agmatine, a simple guanidino compound, several proteins unrelated to Gs, and CTA itself as alternative ADP-ribose acceptors. The effects of toxin occur in the jejunum presumably at body core temperature. With agmatine as a model substrate, the optimal temperature for CTA-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation was 25-30 degrees C, and that for CTA-catalyzed auto-ADP-ribosylation was 20-25 degrees C. Both activities were significantly less at 37 degrees C, reflecting lower initial velocities, not heat-inactivation of the toxin. All the transferase activities of CTA are enhanced by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that are ubiquitous in mammalian cells. Phospholipids and a soluble brain ARF, in a GTP-dependent manner, activated toxin NAD:agmatine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; their simultaneous effect was maximal at physiological temperatures (approximately 37 degrees C). At lower temperatures, the stimulation by ARF was much less. There were similar effects on other toxin-catalyzed reactions, notably, the ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha and the hydrolysis of NAD. Thus, host factors, such as ARF and phospholipid, synergistically increase cholera toxin activity at 37 degrees C and may be important in toxin action in the mammalian gut.
ADP-Ribosylation Factors↗
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with X chromosome abnormality.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗