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Biomedical subjects

T Murayama

Publications and source records attributed to T Murayama.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction].

We report the usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation (ShVO2) during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction. The patient was a 55-year-old man who had been suffering from acute aortic regurgitation due to bacterial endocarditis. Indocyanine green retention test at 15 min was 55%. Serum GOT, GPT and T bilirubin were 56 U.l-1, 35 U.l-1 and 1.5 mg.dl-1 respectively. Aortic valve replacement was scheduled in spite of severe liver dysfunction because amelioration of congestive heart failure after the operation was expected to improve liver dysfunction to the previous chronic state. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intermittent administration of diazepam and low dose of fentanyl with 100% oxygen. After induction, we inserted a balloon tipped pulmonary catheter with ultra-red beam into hepatic vein by fluoroscopy guidance and monitored ShVO2 as an index of hepatic oxygen supply/demand balance. During re-insertion of a thoracic catheter, we could detect the continued decrease in hepatic vein saturation even after the improvement of systemic circulatory state. Postoperatively, liver function became slightly worse for a short period and improved thereafter. These results suggest that ShVO2 monitoring is clinically useful in detecting hepatic oxygen supply/demand imbalance which circulatory monitoring could not uncover during open heart surgery.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1995

Hemorrhagic colitis with unusual colonoscopy features, complicated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 32-year-old man was admitted after bone marrow transplantation because of hematochezia. He had history of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the skin and the liver, and cytomegaloviral pneumonia. Barium enema and colonoscopy showed multiple colon ulcers in the ascending and transverse colon. This feature is very rare in chronic GVHD and resembles the feature in autoimmune disease such as periarteritis nodosa. Thus, this ulceration is thought to be caused by vasculitis due to an autoimmune reaction in chronic GVHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The relationship among hematocrit, platelet aggregation and the time of onset in patients with acute stage-cerebral infarction].

We evaluated time relation among hematocrit (Ht), platelet aggregation (PA) and the onset of acute stage-cerebral infarction in 221 patients. Lacunar infarctions were likely to occur in the evening or at midnight. The elevated Ht value was frequently found in patients with infarctions occurring at midnight, suggesting that the elevation of blood viscosity has an intimate etiology to the onset. The decrease of PA was often found in those who suffered from their stroke while awake in the morning or at midnight, and frequently had been associated with elevated Ht in the latter patients. Decrease of PA is often reported during acute stage-cerebral infarction. Our results indicate that increased platelet aggregation may play an important role in developing cerebral infarction, especially in those who had onset of illness in the morning.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[A case of Mycobacterium avium disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and resected under a suspicion of lung cancer].

A 43 year old female smoker was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). She had no symptoms, and no past history or family history that might suggest compromised defense against pulmonary infections. Physical examination and laboratory findings including humoral and cell-mediated immunity revealed no abnormality. The chest radiography taken 2 years ago looked normal, but those on admission showed SPN in a left lower field. Computed tomography (CT) revealed solitary elipsoid nodule in S5. Because two trials of transbronchial biopsy, brushing and washing could not give any diagnostic findings, thoracotomy was performed under tentative diagnosis of lung cancer. The lesion was located in the outer portion of S5 and was found to consist of 2 elastic hard nodule surrounded by a atelectasis with inflammation. The nodule had supprative substance with several acid fast bacilli, and its intraoperative pathology revealed epitheloid cell granulomas. The lesion was resected completely. In a mean while, seventy smooth colonies grew on an Ogawa egg medium, which was identified as M. avium by the probe analysis using SNAP TEST. The final diagnosis of pulmonary M. avium disease was made, and the patient was administered RFP, EB, OFLX, and CAM in a outpatient clinic. Some discussions were also made about CT findings of pulmonary M. avium complex disease developed in patients without any predisposing conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Testicular cancer in father and son].

The first report of the familial testicular cancers in a father and his son in Japan was presented. The father had right testicular seminoma at 41 years of age and his son had right testicular embryonal cell carcinoma associated with teratoma elements at 17 years of age. To date only 30 pairs of testicular cancers occurring in father and son have been reported worldwide. Survey of the literature suggested that hereditary factors might be involved in the familial occurrence of testicular cancers although there was no definitive evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of temperature and host factors on the activities of pertussis toxin and Bordetella adenylate cyclase.

Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin both contribute to the pathogenesis of whooping cough. Production of these proteins is controlled by the bvg locus, which is inactive at 25 degrees C, but at 37 degrees C produces a Vir+ phenotype. In view of the temperature dependence of virulence factor synthesis, the effects of temperature and host factors on their action were examined. The NAD glycohydrolase activity of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin was enhanced by CHAPS, a zwitterionic detergent, with a temperature optimum of approximately 35 degrees C. Similar temperature optima for the ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin of transducin and recombinant Go alpha were observed. Since the temperature--activity relationship of S1 differed from that of S1 in activated holotoxin, and since S1 in activated holotoxin was more stable at 42 degrees C than was S1, it appears that S1 associated with the B oligomer components may, in fact, be an active species. Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase is activated by a host factor, calmodulin. In the absence of calmodulin, the temperature optimum for enzymatic activity was approximately 25 degrees C, whereas in its presence it was approximately 35 degrees C. Thus, the temperature optima for pertussis and adenylate cyclase toxins, virulence factors whose production is increased through the bvg locus at physiological temperatures, are either at or near these temperatures when stimulated by host factors.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

[3H]Rolipram binding and phosphodiesterase activity in neuroblastoma N18TG-2 and glioma C6Bu-1.

To clarify the functional significance of type IV phosphodiesterase (PDEIV) in neurons and glia cells [3H]rolipram binding and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity were examined in cytosol and membrane fractions of neuroblastoma N18TG-2 and glioma C6Bu-1 cells. [3H]Rolipram binding was highly observed in cytosolic fractions of N18TG-2 compared to C6Bu-1. Binding was hardly observed in membrane fractions of both types of cells. Rolipram strongly (70%) inhibited the hydrolytic activity of cAMP in cytosolic fractions of N18TG-2. The activity in cytosol fractions of C6Bu-1 was slightly (20%) inhibited by rolipram. These results suggest that PDEIV plays important roles in neurons.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1994

Primary structure and distribution of ryanodine-binding protein isoforms of the bullfrog skeletal muscle.

We have cloned two groups of cDNAs which encode isoforms of ryanodine-binding protein/Ca2+ release channel of the bullfrog skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. One of the cDNA groups encodes the protein of 5,037 (or 5,031 with a deletion) amino acids with a molecular weight of 571,262 (or 570,607), which is identified as the alpha-isoform of the ryanodine-binding protein based on the amino acid sequence of three tryptic fragments of the purified protein. The other group of cDNAs encodes the protein of 4,868 amino acids with molecular weight of 553,029, which contains the sequences of three proteolytic fragments derived from the beta-isoform protein. About 70% of the amino acid sequence identity is present between alpha- and beta-isoforms of the bullfrog. The primary structure of the alpha-isoform is highly (80%) homologous to the ryanodine-binding protein cloned from rabbit skeletal muscle (type 1). The beta-isoform, on the other hand, is more than 85% identical with that from the rabbit brain (type 3), while it has only 67% overall identity with type 1. Analyses of RNA from various tissues of the bullfrog demonstrate that the beta-isoform is widely expressed, while the alpha-isoform is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle. A phylogenetic analysis of the ryanodine-binding protein/Ca2+ release channel family suggests that the various types of Ca2+ release channels have evolved from an ancestor gene. Possible differential roles of alpha- and beta-isoforms of ryanodine-binding protein in Ca2+ release mechanisms including skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Different antibody response to a neutralizing epitope of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B among seropositive individuals.

The amino-terminal portion of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (HCMV-gB) was expressed as a fusion protein to analyze the neutralizing epitope recognized by human monoclonal antibody C23 and the humoral immune response to this epitope. The linear neutralizing epitope was further localized to the peptide within 17 amino acids (position 68-84) which were conserved between two HCMV laboratory strains. Ten out of 17 HCMV-seropositive human sera contained the antibody against this epitope. Although seven sera were negative for reacting with the fusion protein, the viruses isolated from the same patients retained the epitope. The immunogenicity of the epitope and the possible application of C23 human monoclonal antibody for passive immunization against HCMV infections are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Detection of human cytomegalovirus genome in uterus tissue.

To analyze persistent infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vivo, specimens obtained from various sources and autopsied organs were examined for the presence of HCMV DNA, mRNA transcripts and antigens by polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization and immunostaining. The HCMV genome was detected in lung, liver, kidney, and blood vessels at an average positive rate of 15%. The highest PCR-positive rate was observed with cervical smears. Subsequent examination of uterus tissues from patients with myoma revealed HCMV transcripts and antigens in glandular epithelial cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and others, indicating productive HCMV infection of cervical tissue.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1994

Plasma cell leukemia with myelofibrosis.

We describe a case of plasma cell leukemia associated with myelofibrosis. A 60-year-old woman was admitted due to lumbago and monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Peripheral blood showed about 40% of plasma-cell-like cells. A bone marrow aspiration was dry tap. The patient was diagnosed as having plasma cell leukemia with myelofibrosis by bone marrow biopsy. Plasma cell leukemia as well as myelofibrosis improved with combination chemotherapy using vincristine, pirarubicin, and dexamethasone. However, when plasma cell leukemia became resistant to chemotherapies, myelofibrosis also reappeared. This case strongly suggests the pathogenetic relationship between plasma cell leukemia and myelofibrosis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of superoxide dismutases in neurological diseases detected by sensitive enzyme immunoassays.

We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) using enzyme immunoassays in 196 neurological patients and 44 controls. The mean Cu/Zn SOD level was 55.8 +/- 27.6 (SD) ng/ml and the Mn SOD, 8.0 +/- 2.5 ng/ml in the controls. Cu/Zn SOD or Mn SOD levels showed neither age-nor sex-related differences in the controls. Both SODs were markedly elevated in cerebrovascular diseases, bacterial meningitis and encephalitis. Mn SOD alone was significantly elevated in neurodegenerative diseases. We compared SODs with CSF levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100b protein (S-100b) in cerebral infarction and bacterial meningitis. Both SODs were correlated with NSE and S-100b in patients with cerebral infarction, but not in those with bacterial meningitis. This means that elevations of SODs in CSF may not only be due to leakage from damaged nervous tissues, but also to the induction of SOD in lesions. We conclude that the mean SOD levels were elevated in various neurological diseases, and their varied magnitudes may be associated with the underlying diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Influence of left ventricular filling profile during preceding control beats on pulse pressure during ventricular premature contractions.

We investigated whether the left ventricular filling profile, defined as the early to late diastolic left ventricular filling volume ratio, during the preceding control beats actually affects the pulse pressure during a ventricular premature contraction (PVC). Twenty patients underwent invasive electrophysiological study for sinus bradycardia. VPCs with various coupling intervals were induced by right ventricular electrical stimulation, and the mitral filling flow velocity by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the femoral arterial pressure curve and the electrocardiogram were simultaneously recorded. The early to late diastolic velocity-time integral ratio (Ei/Ai ratio) of the mitral filling flow velocity during the control beats which preceded the VPC was measured as an index characterizing left ventricular filling profile. The coupling interval of each VPC and the extrasystolic beat pulse pressure were measured. The ratio of the extrasystolic beat pulse pressure to the control beat pulse pressure was expressed in % (% extrasystolic beat pulse pressure). The correlation between the coupling interval and the % extrasystolic beat pulse pressure was investigated. Coupling intervals of 0.80, 0.70, 0.60, 0.50, and 0.45 s were used. At a coupling interval of 0.80 or 0.45 s, the % extrasystolic beat pulse pressure showed no significant correlation with the Ei/Ai ratio. In contrast, the % extrasystolic beat pulse pressure with coupling intervals of 0.70, 0.60, and 0.50 s showed a significant positive correlation with the Ei/Ai ratio (r = 0.67, 0.74, and 0.66, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition to the prematurity and the site of origin of the VPCs, the left ventricular filling profile during the preceding control beats may significantly affect the height of the pulse pressure during extrasystoles with medium length coupling intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Relationships among ryanodine receptor isoforms expressed in vertebrate skeletal muscles based on immunologic cross-reactivities.

To clarify the relationship among ryanodine receptor isoforms from skeletal muscles of various vertebrates (alpha- and beta-isoforms with smaller and larger mobilities on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively), we examined the cross-reactivities of those receptors from 13 animal species by Western blot analysis, using specific polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against the bullfrog alpha- and beta-isoforms. Anti-beta-isoform antibody showed positive reactions against skeletal muscles from carp, five species of frogs, two species of toads, and chicken, but it was negative with four mammals. Positive reactions with anti-alpha-isoform antibody, by contrast, were limited to four species of frog Rana, although the alpha-isoforms from toads (Xenopus and Bufo) also reacted very weakly. The beta-isoforms from various animal species showed almost the same mobilities on SDS-PAGE in contrast to the variable mobilities of the alpha-isoforms. These results indicate that the beta-isoform in one animal species corresponds to the beta-isoform in other species and that the beta-isoforms are highly conserved. It is also suggested that the alpha-isoforms may be related to each other, although they are more diversified.

Animals↗