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Biomedical subjects

T Murase

Publications and source records attributed to T Murase.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The effects of maternal stress on the aromatase activity in the perinatal rat brain].

To investigate the influences of intrauterine stress on the aromatase activity (AA) in the perinatal rat's brain, mothers underwent 3 grades of stress: saline injection stress (S), light-heat-mild restraint stress (M), and forced immobilization stress (F). The aromatase activities in the offsprings' hypothalamus and amygdala were determined on day 19 of gestation and on the 1st day after birth. In addition, serum levels of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) were measured. In males, perinatal levels of T and A decreased with every grade of prenatal stress. In females, T levels were not affected by prenatal stress. Fetal hypothalamic AA on the 19th day of gestation decreased significantly only in male fetuses of group M and F. Neonatal hypothalamic AA on day 1 after birth decreased only in males of all stress groups. Meanwhile, fetal and neonatal AA in the amygdala did not show any changes in either sex. These results indicate that intrauterine stress depletes both serum androgens and hypothalamic AA in the critical period for sexual differentiation of the brain, which mainly regulates the hypothalamic sex differentiation.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1994

A randomized trial of early intravesical instillation of epirubicin in superficial bladder cancer. The Nagoya University Urological Oncology Group.

A total of 135 patients with superficial bladder cancer diagnosed as totally resectable were entered into a randomized multicenter trial to investigate the efficacy of early intravesical epirubicin instillation after resection in comparison with transurethral resection (TUR) alone. Epirubicin (40 mg/40 ml saline) was given within 24 h of TUR and once during the 1st week, weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for 11 months. In all, 122 patients (90.4%) were eligible and 119 (88.1%) were evaluable. The interval to initial recurrence was significantly longer (P = 0.02) in the epirubicin group (36 months; 95% confidence interval, 32-40 months) than in the group receiving TUR alone (28 months; 95% confidence interval, 24-32 months). The recurrence rate per year in the epirubicin group was less than that in the TUR-alone group (0.13 versus 0.29 annual recurrences). Disease progression was observed in only one patient in the epirubicin-instillation group. The main toxicity encountered was bladder irritation (13.8%). These results demonstrate that early intravesical epirubicin instillation is efficacious in preventing local recurrence.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1994

Successful pregnancy in a patient with endometrial carcinoma treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

A 32-year infertile Japanese woman suffered from endometrial cancer, which was treated with repeated endometrial curettage and medroxyprogesterone acetate for 6 months. The patient then became pregnant and was delivered of a live-born male infant at 37 weeks gestation by cesarean section for placenta previa. At cesarean section there were no abnormal findings in the uterine cavity or other pelvic organs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Lack of association of the transporter associated with antigen processing with Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is a molecule required for endogenous antigen processing. We have typed TAP polymorphism in 95 Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DDM) and 75 normal controls. Amino acid substitutions at positions 333 and 637 of TAP1 and at positions 379, 665, and 687 of TAP2 were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method. In addition, DNA typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and -DQB1 loci was performed by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. There was no significant difference between IDDM patients and normal controls in the frequencies of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles. On the contrary, the HLA-DQ locus showed a strong association with IDDM in the same series of subjects. The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0301 and -DQB1*0401 were increased significantly and those of HLA-DQA1*0103, -DQB1*0501, -DQB1*0601 and -DQB1*0602 were decreased significantly in Japanese IDDM patients compared with normal controls. Positive linkage disequilibrium was observed between HLA-DQB1*0303 and TAP2C and between HLA-DQB1*0401 and TAP2B. Negative linkage disequilibrium was observed between HLA-DQA1*0103 and TAP2A. Even when subjects with HLA-DQA1*0103, -DQA1*0301, -DQB1*0302, -DQB1*0303, and -DQB1*0401 were considered separately, no significant differences was found in the distribution of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles between IDDM patients and normal controls. We conclude that it is not TAP but HLA-DQ that exhibits a primary association with Japanese IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Plasma lipid abnormalities and risk factors for coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects with diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance.

We evaluated the plasma lipid levels of 3163 subjects including subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we performed 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests on 2113 subjects, and analyzed the relationships of risk factors for coronary artery disease to glucose intolerance. Mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were highest in NIDDM (213 mg/dl and 148 mg/dl), and plasma HDL-cholesterol level was lowest in IGT and NIDDM (42 mg/dl), as compared to those in normal subjects (cholesterol, 200 mg/dl; triglycerides, 109 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol, 52 mg/dl). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship of either blood pressure, plasma triglyceride or HDL cholesterol level to plasma insulin and glucose response after glucose loading.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Alteration of p53 gene in ovarian carcinoma: clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance.

Inactivation of the tumour-suppressor gene p53 has been demonstrated in a variety of human tumours. We extracted DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues of 67 ovarian carcinoma samples (54 primary tumours, seven metastases and six tumours obtained after chemotherapy), and analysed allelic losses and mutations of the p53 gene using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of DNA fragments amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allelic loss was observed in 24 of 32 informative cases. The mutation was detected in 14 of 54 primary ovarian carcinomas: eight serous cystadenocarcinomas (SCA), 42%), five endometrioid adenocarcinomas (EA, 42%) and one mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (14%). The incidence of the alteration was higher in SCA and EA than in other histological types, but the difference was not statistically significant. The incidence of p53 gene abnormalities in ovarian carcinomas tended to be increased in patients with disease advanced (over FIGO stage II). Mutations were found in exons 5 and 7 only and consisted mainly of single nucleotide substitutions [9 or 14 (64%) in exon 7; 4 of 14 (29%) in exon 5]. In 13 of 14 cases, p53 gene mutations occurred concomitantly with losses of the normal allele. The status of the p53 gene in metastases and the tumours obtained after chemotherapy was identical to that in the primary tumours. The presence of p53 gene mutation did not correlate with histological grade, response to primary therapy and survival. These findings suggest that mutational alterations of the p53 gene are involved in the development of a significant proportion of some ovarian carcinomas (SCAs or EAs), especially in advanced stages. However, they may not be a marker predicting the biological behaviour or the outcome of the disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1994

Semi-quantitative analysis of DNA topoisomerase-I mRNA level using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cancer cell lines: its relation to cytotoxicity against camptothecin derivative.

Expression of DNA topoisomerase (Topo)-I-mRNA in various cancer cell lines was detected using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA isolated from cancer cell lines was reverse-transcribed and the complementary DNA was amplified by PCR primed with Topo-I specific primers. Fidelity of the amplified sequence was confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization. The level of Topo-I mRNA was correlated positively with the cytotoxicity of a Topo-I inhibitor, a camptothecin derivative. This RT-PCR method may be applicable to the assessment of sensitivity of cells to Topo-I targeted drugs, especially when only small quantities of cell samples are available.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Survival of Vibrio cholerae O139 Synonym Bengal in water from a river].

Survival of five strains of Vibrio cholerae, including serotypes O139 Synonym Bengal, O1 El Tor, and non-O1 were compared in water from a river. These bacteria were mixed with water from a river and the water filtered through 0.45 micron millipore filters, respectively, to yield a concentration of 10(6) CFU/ml and incubated at 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C for 21 days. The survival curve of V. cholerae O139 was almost the same with V. cholerae O1 and non-O1. The number of these bacilli decreased to less than 10(2) CFU/ml at 7 days of the incubation at 20 degrees C. When incubated at 5 degrees, however, these bacilli survived much longer and the number decreased to the same value after 14 days. Therefore, these results indicated that the temperature during the incubation greatly affects the survival of V. cholerae. On the other hand, when the water was filtered and used for the experiment, V. cholerae survived longer than in the polluted water. From these observations, if the river is polluted with V. cholerae O139 in the future, it is suggested that the distribution of V. cholerae O139 in the river may be the same as the present condition with V. cholerae O1 and non-O1.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed1994

A histochemical study of the biceps brachii muscle cross-innervated by intercostal nerves. 6 cases of brachial plexus injuries operated with nerve-crossing.

Direct nerve-crossing of intercostal nerves from the lateral thorax to the musculocutaneous nerve was performed in 6 patients after spinal nerve root avulsion with brachial plexus palsy. Elbow flexion power was regained well enough to move against gravity and some resistance in all cases. The muscles were examined histochemically 4 (1-9) years after the operation. The intercostally-innervated biceps brachii muscle showed motor predominance of slow-twitch Type 1 fiber regeneration much more than that of fast-twitch Type 2 fiber in 5 of our patients. Our study suggests that the motor nerves of slow-twitch fibers may have priority in peripheral nerve regeneration over those of fast-twitch fibers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A new approach for the detection of type III hyperlipoproteinemia by RLP-cholesterol assay.

Type III is a remnant hyperlipoproteinemia identified by the presence of beta-VLDL (remnant lipoprotein) as well as a genetic variant of apo E (apo E2/2). The RLP isolated from the serum of Type III patients by a new method we have developed, the RLPcholesterol assay, was identified as chylomicron and VLDL remnant. In addition, the RLP-C levels of the Type III patients were significantly higher than other hyperlipidemic patients with similar serum TG levels, while the ratio of TC/TG in RLP-C of both groups was not significantly different. The RLP-cholesterol assay appears to be useful for the screening and monitoring of Type III hyperlipoproteinemia when used in conjunction with the assays of serum TG level and genetic apo E isoform analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A familial case of prostate cancer in three brothers].

We treated three brothers for prostate cancer. The first brother developed the disease of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at the age of 76, and was treated with endocrine therapy but died of recurrent cancer at age 80. The second brother was diagnosed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at age 75, and he is alive at age 80 without recurrence after endocrine therapy. The third brother developed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma at age 58, and was treated with endocrine therapy but died of recurrent cancer at age 73. We have seen few familial cases of prostate cancer. The first such case is reported here in Japan. Eleven similar cases of familial prostate cancer involving three or more brothers have been reported in the Western literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Results of treatment for advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis based on Indiana University classification].

From 1980 to 1990, we treated 45 patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of greater than or equal to stage II according to the Japanese general rule for clinical and pathological studies on testicular tumors. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the Indiana University Classification: 26 good risk patients (score < or = 6) and 19 poor risk patients (score > or = 7). The clinical results, the % dose intensity of Cisplatin and half-lives of tumor makers were analyzed in the two groups. The per cent dose intensity of Cisplatin of the induction chemotherapy was 61 +/- 24% in 1980-1985 and 87 +/- 18% in 1986-1990. The NED rate improved from 66.7% (10/15) to 81.8% (9/11) in the good risk patients and from 33.3% (3/9) to 50.0% (5/10) in the poor risk patients between the above two periods. When the % dose intensity of Cisplatin exceeded 80%, the NED rate increased from 66.7% (10/15) to 90.0% (9/10) in good risk patients and from 33.3% (2/6) to 45.5% (5/11) in poor risk patients. The NED rate was only 25.0% (4/16) in the poor risk patients whose residual tumors were not resected. The half-lives of AFP and beta-HCG from the latter part of the first course to the second course were 6.8 +/- 1.9 days and 4.4 +/- 1.4 days, respectively, in the patients with a good prognosis, while they were 6.5 +/- 1.5 days and 4.4 +/- 2.9 days, respectively, in with a poor prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Primary lipoprotein lipase deficiency: clinical and genetic aspects].

Primary deficiency of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chylomicronemia, recurrent pancreatitis and xanthomas. In recent years, a growing number of mutations have been identified in patients with this inherited disorder and molecular defects include insertions and deletions, splicing defects, and nonsense and missense mutations. Most of these mutations are clustered in the region encoded by exon 4, 5 and 6 which forms the catalytic domain of LPL. The study of these mutations also contributes to our understanding of the structure, function relationships of the enzyme.

Adult↗