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Biomedical subjects

T Murase

Publications and source records attributed to T Murase.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anterior wedge-shaped bone graft for old scaphoid fractures or non-unions. An analysis of relevant carpal alignment.

For appraisal of anterior wedge-shaped grafts for the humpback deformity of the scaphoid, a retrospective study of 27 cases with old scaphoid fractures or non-unions was carried out. 11 cases were treated with Herbert screw fixation and anterior wedge-shaped graft and the other cases with other methods. For the assessment of carpal alignment, radio-lunate and scapho-lunate angles were measured with peri-operative radiographs. For the clinical assessment, the scoring system of Cooney was applied. In 25 cases, primary bone union was obtained with one attempt and in two cases, with the second operation. Union was achieved in a mean of 3.4 months. The post-operative wrist score ranged from 65 to 100 with an average 81.2 points. There was a statistically significant relationship between the wrist score and the post-operative scapho-lunate angulation of the affected wrist. The humpback deformity of scaphoid non-union should be treated precisely with carpal realignment surgery or anterior wedge-shaped bone graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Elevated plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of the tumor.

OBJECTIVE: The authors determined whether untreated breast cancer patients have elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Increased plasma TGF-beta 1 levels recently were found after chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, it currently is unknown whether this elevation in plasma TGF-beta 1 is caused by chemotherapy-induced normal tissue damage or whether it results from the presence of the tumor. METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma TGF-beta 1 levels in 26 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients before and after definitive surgery. Patients were grouped by postoperative tumor status: 1) negative lymph nodes (group 1); 2) positive lymph nodes (group 2); and 3) overt residual disease (group 3). The site of TGF-beta 1 production in the tumors was localized by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Plasma TGF-beta 1 levels were elevated preoperatively in 81% of the patients; TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 were undetectable. The preoperative TGF-beta 1 levels in the three patient groups were similar; however, the postoperative plasma TGF-beta 1 levels differed by disease status. The mean plasma TGF-beta 1 level in group 1 (n = 12) normalized after surgery (19.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). In contrast, the mean plasma TGF-beta 1 levels remained above normal in both group 2 (n = 9) and group 3 (n = 5) after surgery. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression was found to be preferentially increased in the tumor stroma. CONCLUSIONS: Breast tumors result in increased plasma TGF-beta 1 levels in 81% of patients. After surgical removal of the primary tumor, the plasma TGF-beta 1 level normalizes in the majority of patients; persistently elevated levels correlate with the presence of lymph node metastases or overt residual tumor. These findings suggest that the usefulness of TGF-beta 1 as a potential plasma marker for breast tumors deserves further study.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of DNA fingerprinting by PFGE as an epidemiologic tool for Salmonella infections.

To evaluate DNA fingerprinting as an epidemiologic tool, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on isolates of Salmonella, including S. typhimurium, S. thompson, and S. enteritidis. Chromosomal DNA was digested with the restriction endonucleases Bln I and Xba I. The patterns of S. thompson and S. typhimurium isolates from various sources were different from one another. There was no correlation between the phage type and the digestion pattern of S. enteritidis isolates. Some strains belonging to one phage type were distinguished by their PFGE pattern in this study. These results suggest that the Bln I and Xba I digestion patterns of chromosomal DNA are useful for epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of Salmonella infection or food poisoning.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1995

Inhibitory effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on mouse endometrial carcinogenesis.

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of cyclic administration of low-dose progestogen on endometrial carcinogenesis in mice. A total of 115 female ICR mice, 10 weeks of age, were divided into four experimental and control groups. Mice in groups 1-3 received laparotomy and were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) solution at a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight to the left uterine tube and with normal saline to the right uterine tube. From one week after the MNU exposure, groups 1 and 2 were given 5 ppm 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-containing diet throughout the experiment. Mice in group 1 received 5 s.c. injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (2 mg/mouse) at intervals of 4 weeks from week 7. Group 3 was treated with MNU/normal saline alone. Group 4 consisted of mice treated with MPA alone. At the termination of the experiment (week 30), all animals were killed and autopsied for pathological examinations. It was found that adenocarcinomas and preneoplastic lesions developed in the bilateral uterine corpora in mice of groups 1-3. MPA treatment significantly decreased the weight of the uterine corpus (P < 0.05) and the incidences of endometrial adenocarcinoma and atypical or adenomatous (P < 0.001) but not cystic glandular hyperplasias in the MNU/E2-treated groups. Additionally, MPA treatment tended to decrease the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index in endometrial glandular cells. These data indicate that MPA, even at low dose, has an inhibitory effect on mouse endometrial carcinogenesis induced by MNU and E2.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Chemoprophylaxis of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients with new quinolone: a comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (ST) alone with ST plus ciprofloxacin].

Fifty-three granulocytopenic patients were studied in a randomized trial comparing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole (ST) alone with ST + ciprofloxacin (CPFX) for prevention of bacterial infections. Seventeen febrile episodes occurred in 24 patients receiving ST alone, and 9 febrile episodes occurred in 29 patients receiving ST + CPFX. ST + CPFX was significantly effective than ST alone (p < 0.005). Although ST alone was effective to prevent infections in moderately granulocytopenic patients, it could not prevent infections in severely granulocytopenic patients whose minimal granulocyte count was less than 250/microliters during prophylactic treatment. In contrast, ST + CPFX was effective in severely as well as in moderately granulocytopenic patients. Clinically significant adverse reactions were not observed in both regimens. These results suggest that combination with ST and CPFX is more efficacious than ST alone for the prevention of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Short communication: normal tissue injury after cancer therapy is a local response exacerbated by an endocrine effect of TGF beta.

The sensitivity of normal tissues rather than of the tumour usually limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The normal tissue side effects from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy result from both direct cellular loss and the extensive fibrosis that develops at the site of injury. Recent evidence suggests that the cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), mediates this fibrogenic process. Herein, we provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the fibrosis formation following therapy results not only from TGF beta produced locally in the injured normal tissue, but also from circulating TGF beta released by the tumour. Thus, therapy-induced normal tissue damage appears in part to be a local manifestation of a systemic condition.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Residual beta-cell function and HLA-A24 in IDDM. Markers of glycemic control and subsequent development of diabetic retinopathy.

To identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we studied the relationships among residual beta-cell function, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), long-term glycemic control, and development of diabetic retinopathy in 128 IDDM patients. Residual beta-cell function was assessed by serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) response to a 100-g oral glucose load (delta CPR). The patients were stratified into three groups: those with delta CPR of < 0.033 nmol/l (group 1, n = 50), those with delta CPR of 0.033-0.1 nmol/l (group 2, n = 38), and those with delta CPR of > 0.1 nmol/l (group 3, n = 40). The cumulative incidence rate of background retinopathy was higher in the order of groups 1, 2, and 3 (P = 0.032). Group 1 progressed to preproliferative retinopathy at an earlier stage than did groups 2 and 3 combined (P = 0.028). Further progression to proliferative retinopathy tended to be earlier in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 combined (P = 0.083). The mean HbA1c value rose from 9.01 +/- 1.06% (mean +/- SD) in group 3 to 9.75 +/- 0.79% in group 2 to 10.48 +/- 1.12% in group 1 (P < 0.0001). In group 1, 89.6% of the patients had HLA-A24, whereas 50 and 43.6% of the patients had this antigen in groups 2 and 3 respectively (P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Correction of hypertriglyceridemia with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the novel compound NO-1886, a lipoprotein lipase-promoting agent, in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

We have previously reported that the novel compound NO-1886 increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, with resulting elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in normal rats (J Clin Invest 92:411-417, 1993). The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the compound has the same action in diabetes, because hypertriglyceridemia with low HDL cholesterol is an extremely common concomitant condition in diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed marked elevation of plasma triglyceride and reduction of HDL cholesterol. Both single and repeated administration of NO-1886 increased postheparin plasma LPL activity, with resulting reduction of plasma triglyceride and elevation of HDL cholesterol. Repeated administration increased the amount of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue and myocardium. The compound had no effects on plasma glucose and insulin levels. Our study indicates that the compound is potentially beneficial for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with low HDL cholesterol in diabetes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Prospective study of lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 221 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) without diabetic complications who were followed for 2.2-3.1 years. Their serum Lp(a) levels were semiquantified by a rapid electrophoretic method that accurately discriminates high from low serum Lp(a) at the 20 mg/dl level. RESULTS: Seven of 105 diabetic patients with a high serum Lp(a) experienced a clinical event related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This incidence was significantly higher than that of the 110 diabetic patients with a low serum Lp(a). The logistic regression analysis revealed that Lp(a) was an independent risk factor for the event. CONCLUSIONS: Lp(a) is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in the number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions in the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic endometrium.

The number of silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNORs) were counted in preneoplastic and neoplastic endometrial lesions and compared with those of the normal endometrium in the menstrual cycle. In glandular cells in the normal menstrual cycle, the mean number of AgNORs in the proliferative phase endometrium (3.4) was significantly higher than that in the secretory phase endometrium (2.5, p < 0.01). The mean number of AgNORs in well-differentiated endometrioid type adenocarcinoma (4.2) was significantly greater than that in simple hyperplasia (3.0, p < 0.001) and complex hyperplasia without cytological atypia (3.6, p < 0.05). The average number of AgNORs showed an increased tendency according to the neoplastic changes in the endometrium. These findings suggest that the one-step colloid method for AgNORs may therefore be a simple and partially useful technique for examining the proliferative activity in neoplastic and preneoplastic endometrial cells, but no clear distinction in each preneoplastic and neoplastic endometrial lesion can be drawn so far from our measurements.

Endometrial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Changes in plasma transforming growth factor beta in response to high-dose chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer: possible implications for the prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary drug toxicity.

Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver and pulmonary drug toxicity (PDT) are two major complications of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for solid tumors. We have previously demonstrated that an elevated plasma TGF-beta concentration before transplant predicts the later occurrence of these complications. In the present study, we used a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to prospectively evaluate the kinetics of plasma TGF-beta concentrations of 45 patients with stage II breast cancer who underwent high-dose chemotherapy and autologous BMT. We demonstrated that, of the three TGF-beta isoforms, only TGF-beta 1 was present in the plasma. Pre-transplant plasma TGF-beta 1 was significantly higher in patients with VOD and PDT compared with that in patients without these complications. The plasma TGF-beta 1 level in patients who later developed VOD or PDT decreased to that of controls within 2 days of initiating high-dose chemotherapy; this decrease was not correlated with platelet concentration changes. These results suggest that interventions aimed at preventing the development at VOD or PDT must be given early in the course of high-dose chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Delayed clearance of methotrexate in a patient with malignant lymphoma who developed renal failure].

Malignant lymphoma of diffuse large cell type, was diagnosed in a 70-year-old man with tumors of the nasal cavity and right testis. He was treated with Epi-VEPA regimen and relapsed in the right thalamus just after achieving remission. Total cranial irradiation was effective, but multiple skin lesions were present at the time. He then suffered from renal failure and delayed clearance of MTX after high-dose methotrexate (MTX) administration with citrovorum factor (CF). The serum concentration of MTX decreased to 0.09 microM within 285 hours by multi-clearance techniques as continuous arteriovenous hemoperfusion (CAVH), plasma exchange (PEX), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and charcoal hemoperfusion (CH). Better MTX clearance was observed in CH and PEX than in CAVH and PD, with higher effect in PEX than in CH or CAVH. The patient suffered severe mucositis and myelosuppression, but fatal harm of MTX was prevented. CH and PD were considered the best combination of clearance techniques for removing serum MTX in delayed methotrexate clearance with renal disturbance.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Exocytosis in spermatozoa in response to progesterone and zona pellucida.

Exocytosis in mammalian spermatozoa (the acrosome reaction) is a process essential for fertilization. Both progesterone and zona pellucida induce exocytosis in spermatozoa, which may encounter both during penetration of the oocyte's vestments. When mouse spermatozoa were exposed first to progesterone and then to zona pellucida, exocytosis was enhanced to a greater degree than that seen when the agonists were presented together or in the inverse order, which suggests that the steroid exerts a priming effect. Progesterone similarly primed the generation of intracellular messengers evoked by zona pellucida. The effects triggered by progesterone were mimicked by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and were blocked by bicuculline, which indicates that the steroid acts on a GABAA receptor.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1994

Changes in plasma TGF beta levels during pulmonary radiotherapy as a predictor of the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis.

PURPOSE: To determine whether plasma transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) levels measured before and during radical radiotherapy for lung cancer could be used to predict patients at risk for the development of radiation pneumonitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The first eight patients with lung cancer (nonsmall cell: seven, small cell: one) enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate physiological and molecular biologic correlates of radiation induced normal tissue injury are described. The study began in June 1991. All patients were treated with radiotherapy with curative intent. Plasma transforming growth factor-beta levels were obtained before, weekly during, and at each follow-up after treatment. Pretreatment pulmonary function tests and single photon emission computed tomography scans were obtained to assess baseline lung function and were repeated at follow-up visits. Dose-volume histogram analyses were performed to determine the volume of lung which received > or = 30 Gy. Patients were assessed at each follow-up visit for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. RESULTS: Five patients developed signs and/or symptoms of pulmonary injury consistent with pneumonitis and three patients did not. In all three patients not developing pneumonitis, plasma TGF-beta levels normalized by the end of radiotherapy. In contrast, four out of five patients who suffered pneumonitis had persistently elevated plasma TGF-beta levels by the end of therapy. This finding appeared to be independent of the volume of irradiated lung. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plasma TGF-beta levels during treatment may be useful to determine which patients are at high risk of developing symptomatic pneumonitis following thoracic radiotherapy. This finding may have implications when planning additional therapy (either chemotherapy or radiotherapy) which may have potentially adverse consequences on the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Polyphosphoinositide-derived diacylglycerol stimulates the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase C during exocytosis of the ram sperm acrosome. Effect is not mediated by protein kinase C.

In ram spermatozoa, treatment with the ionophore A23187 and Ca2+ led to an increase in total diacylglycerol mass and to exocytosis of the acrosomal granule. If sperm cells were prelabeled with [3H]palmitic acid, stimulation with A23187/Ca2+ resulted in the generation of [3H]diacylglycerols with a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. When cells were prelabeled with 1-O-[3H]octadecylglycerophosphocholine, stimulation led to the generation of [3H]alkylacylglycerol. No rise in [3H]diacyl- or [3H]alkylacylphosphatidic acid was detected under these conditions. Moreover, no changes in the mass of phosphatidic acid have been previously noted under similar conditions. Thus, these results indicate that diradylglycerols are generated via phospholipase C (PLC). Increases in diradylglycerols were paralleled by rises in monoacyl- or monoalkylglycerols labeled at position 1, but not in free [3H]palmitic acid or [3H]octadecanol, implying that, unlike somatic cells, spermatozoa catabolize diradylglycerols via a 2-diglyceride lipase. Activation of PLC appears to be effected by phosphoinositide-derived diacylglycerol: exposure to Mg2+, a cation known to inhibit phosphoinositide hydrolysis, resulted in less PLC activity upon stimulation, and addition of exogenous 1,2-diacylglycerols enhanced the enzyme's activity. However, 1,3-diacylglycerol and alkylacylglycerol also stimulated PLC activity, suggesting that the effect is unlikely to be mediated via protein kinase C. Since diradylglycerols are known to be essential in the molecular sequence leading to membrane fusion in mammalian spermatozoa, these results suggest that their generation via PLC constitutes a fundamental event during acrosomal exocytosis in response to physiological agonists.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells in culture: comparison with aortic endothelium.

In the present study we compared the characteristics of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells in culture with the characteristics of aortic endothelium. Morphologically, coronary artery endothelial cells were larger than aortic endothelial cells. Under basal culture conditions, both coronary artery and aortic endothelial cells secreted significant amounts of prostacyclin and endothelin-1. The outstanding findings is that coronary artery endothelial cells secreted larger amounts of endothelin-1 than aortic endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that individual endothelial cells synthesize both substances. This comparative study provides important evidence indicating that the characteristics of coronary artery endothelial cells differ from those of aortic endothelial cells.

Animals↗