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Biomedical subjects

T Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Moriyama.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Split tolerance in nude mice transplanted with 2'-deoxyguanosine-treated allogeneic thymus lobes.

To elucidate the acquisition of self tolerance in the thymus, full-allogeneic thymic chimeras were constructed. Athymic C3H and BALB/c nude mice were reconstituted with the thymic lobes of BALB/c and B10.BR fetuses, respectively, that were organ cultured for 5 days in the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine. T cells in these chimeras were tolerized to the host MHC in both MLR and CTL assays. In contrast, T cells in the chimeras exhibited split tolerance for the thymic MHC haplotype. CTL specific for class I MHC of the thymic haplotype were generated not only from the peripheral T cells of the chimeras but also from thymocytes re-populated in the engrafted thymic lobes. However, T cells in these chimeras responded poorly to the class II MHC of the thymic haplotype in a standard MLR assay. In a syngeneic MLR culture upon stimulation with enriched APC of the thymic haplotype, only 22 to 48% of the responses were mediated by CD4+ cells, and proliferations of CD4- cells were prominent. There were no haplotype-specific suppressor cells detected which would cause the unresponsiveness to the thymic class II MHC. These results indicated that the thymic lobes treated with 2'-deoxyguanosine were defective in the ability to induce the transplantation tolerance for the class I MHC expressed on the thymus, although the same thymic lobes were able to induce the transplantation tolerance for the thymic class II MHC.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A biotin-avidin sandwich ELISA for quantification of intact complement component C9. The sera from hereditary C9 deficient individuals completely lack C9.

A two-site sandwich ELISA method was developed for quantitating intact C9 protein using MoAb P40 (anti-C9b antibody). This antibody reacted with monomeric C9 but not with polymerized C9. MoAb P40 was used as a capture antibody and MoAb X195 (anti-C9a antibody) as a detection antibody. This method is highly sensitive and can detect approximately 0.5 ng/ml of native C9. No cross-reactivities of either C6, C7, or C8 were observed even at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml per component. In addition, this method allows for measurement of only intact C9 molecules, eliminating the interference of polymerized C9 or inactivated C9. Using this assay, no C9 at all was detected in sera from inherited C9 deficient individuals, including both healthy blood donors and patients with meningococcal meningitis; although by hemolytic assay, C9 levels were reported to be less than 0.2% those of NHS. Therefore, this two-site sandwich ELISA method can replace the hemolytic assay, and is especially useful for measuring small amounts of C9 in serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Chondroitinase C activity of Streptococcus intermedius.

Chondroitin 6-sulfate depolymerizing activity was examined in the culture supernatant of Streptococcus intermedius ATCC 27335. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose was split from the substrate. The enzyme(s) was not active upon chondroitin 4-sulfate or dermatan sulfate, which indicated that the enzyme responsible for the depolymerization is chondroitinase C.

Chondroitin Lyases↗
PubMed1989

Decrease in the mechanical strength of bones of rats administered cadmium.

The mechanical properties of the bones of young, adult and old rats administered various concentrations of cadmium were measured to prove the direct effect of cadmium on the bones of young rats. The young rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium, respectively. The adult rats were subdivided into six groups, administered 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The old rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0, 80, and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The length of the administration was 4 weeks in every group. The decrease in the mechanical strengths of bones of young rats administered with cadmium was observed. On the other hand, no change in mechanical strength of bones was observed in the case of adult and old rats, administered up to 160 ppm cadmium. The correlation between the cadmium in bones and the decrease in the strength of the bone shows that cadmium directly affects the mechanical properties of bones of young rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Hearing of forest workers with vibration-induced white finger: a five-year follow-up.

To examine the association between vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and hearing loss, 108 male forest workers who regularly used vibrating tools were followed up for five years. Case-control pairs matched for initial age and hearing level and exposure time to noise during the study period were selected from men with and without VWF. The hearing levels significantly worsened during the follow-up period at 2, 4 and 8 kHz in the affected cases but only at 8 kHz in the controls. Since threshold shift at 4 kHz, which is a typical effect of noise exposure, was significant only in the affected cases, it is suggested that the hearing of people with VWF was more vulnerable to noise. A pathological change causing VWF might also increase the susceptibility of hearing to noise damage.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of a human T-cell clone cytotoxic for both autologous and allogeneic hepatocytes from chronic hepatitis patients with type non-A, non-B virus.

A human T-cell clone (TA-NB-2) that could lyse both autologous and allogeneic hepatocytes from chronic hepatitis patients with type non-A, non-B virus (NANB) was established. This clone produced CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and expressed an antigen specific for alpha and beta subunits of T-cell receptor. The cytotoxic activity of the clone was abrogated by incubation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies did not block the lysis of the target hepatocytes by TA-NB-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of TA-NB-2 clone against hepatocytes from patients with chronic NANB hepatitis was 39.8 +/- 13.2% (mean +/- SD; n = 17) (range, 14.2-60.5%), whereas that against hepatocytes from control patients with chronic type-B hepatitis, acute hepatitis B, acute hepatitis A, or alcoholic liver cirrhosis was 4.0 +/- 7.7% (n = 12) (range, -10.8 to 14.0%). The results suggest that TA-NB-2 cells specifically recognize a hepatitis NANB-related antigen expressed on hepatitis NANB-infected hepatocytes by T-cell receptor and that the recognition is not restricted by the major histocompatibility complex antigens. The results also suggest that most, if not all, cases of chronic hepatitis due to NANB are caused by one agent; TA-NB-2 clone may be useful as a tool to identify this particular hepatitis-related antigen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Noninvasive study of critical thresholds of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure for cerebral circulation and brain function.

To ascertain the critical thresholds of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) for cerebral circulation and brain function, the extra- and intracranial haemodynamics and electrical brain responses were evaluated noninvasively with Doppler ultrasonography and multimodality evoked potentials (MEP's) in 50 patients with severe head injury. Both extra- and intracranial blood flow velocities changed monotonically depending on the changes in ICP and CPP. They were decreased when ICP increased to 20-30 mmHg and when CPP decreased to 40-50 mmHg. The changes in elasticity index of the pulse wave of the common carotid artery was proportional to those of blood flow velocities. The frequency and degree of abnormalities of MEP's were proportionally increased with the rise of ICP and reduction of CPP. When ICP increased to higher than 31 mmHg, MEP's were classified as moderately or severely abnormal in more than 76% of the recordings. These results indicate that noninvasive study by use of Doppler ultrasonography and MEP's can provide valuable information on critical brain ischaemia and brain dysfunction in patients with acute intracranial hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Inherited deficiencies of the late-acting complement components other than C9 found among healthy blood donors.

Among sera from 145,640 healthy blood donors in Osaka, 16 were found to have abnormalities in late-acting complement components other than C9. It was found that of these 16 sera, 2 were deficient in C5, 4 in C6, 6 in C7 and 4 in C8 alpha-gamma-subunit. The incidence of deficiency of each component among the Osaka blood donors was calculated as follows: C5 deficiency, 0.0014%; C6 deficiency, 0.0027%; C7 deficiency, 0.0041%; C8 alpha-gamma-subunit deficiency, 0.0027%. We confirmed that 13 donors were healthy and 12 had no past history related to a complement component deficiency. From these results, not only C9 deficiency but also deficiencies of the other late-acting complement components were found among the healthy blood donors, but no early-acting component deficiencies were noted.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement of gentamicin-induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in rabbit renal proximal tubular brush-border membrane by furosemide.

Gentamicin inhibited phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis catalyzed by rabbit renal phospholipase C in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was potentiated by furosemide in a dose-dependent manner. Furosemide may enhance gentamicin nephrotoxicity by potentiating the inhibitory effect of gentamicin on brush-border membrane PI degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Electrophoretic analysis of urinary glycoproteins in diabetic nephropathy using peroxidase-lectins].

We examined the clinical usefulness determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by reaction with peroxidase-coupled lectins using urinary glycoproteins for diabetic nephropathy in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus. Lectins used were Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E4), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), and Lens culinaris (LCA), which have high affinity for beta 1----4N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), alpha-galactosamine (alpha-GalNAc), and alpha-mannose (alpha-Man) residues, respectively. Electrophoretic patterns of urinary glycoproteins clearly showed the presence of lectin-reactive glycoproteins with molecular weights lower than that of albumin. The molecular weight of the main bands reacted with WGA, PHA-E4 or LCA were 50,000 and 38,000, and increased with the progress of diabetic nephropathy. WGA reacted strongly with many glycoproteins having a wide range of molecular weights. LCA and PHA-E4 reacted preferentially with glycoproteins of molecular weights glycoproteins of molecular weights lower than 50,000, but no reaction was observed by DBA. These results suggest that low molecular urinary glycoproteins have abundant carbohydrate residues such as GlcNAc beta 1----4GlcNAc, GalNAc, and alpha-Man. The excretion of low molecular weight glycoproteins with high affinities for some lectins suggests functional impairment in diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Brain function and blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery in subarachnoid hemorrhage: evaluation with multimodality evoked potentials (MEPs) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound].

Brain dysfunction and blood flow velocity changes in the middle cerebral artery (MCAFV) were studied in 59 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain function and blood flow velocity were evaluated by multimodality evoked potentials (MEPs) consisting of ABR, SEP and VEP as reported, and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound. The abnormality on MEPs were graded into 4 grades. Nearly normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal and severely abnormal. The results on MEP study were compared with clinical Hunt and Hess (H. H) grade or Fisher's CT group of subarachnoid hemorrhage in 44 patients. MCAFV was measured in 15 patients and mean velocity as well as CO2 reactivity and effect of head elevation were studied. Control value of MCAFV was 64 +/- 13 cm/sec in 50 healthy adults. CO2 reactivity was determined by K values obtained from the modified formula of cerebral blood flow by Olesen et al. MEP grade in H. H grade III and IV patients showed, on admission, variations in their grades in comparison with those in H. H grade I II and V patients. There was no definite correlation between the abnormality in MEPs and the degree of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Fisher's group 3 and 4 patients. When the surgical results in early and late operation in H. H grade III and IV patients were compared, it was shown that the outcome was favourable in early operated patients of H. H grade III if initial MEP grades were between I-III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of the correlation between bad breath and subgingival microflora].

A dark field microscopic examination of subgingival microorganisms and gas chromatographic analysis of volatile sulphur compounds were employed to investigate the role of subgingival microflora in the production of bad breath. Subjects (11 female, 13 male; aged 24 to 61) were divided into the following 2 groups on the basis of apparent bad breath by the olfactory judgement; bad breath group (group B, n = 13), and no bad breath group (group N, n = 11). A gas tight syringe was employed to withdraw 5 ml mouth air samples, which were injected directly into the gas chromatograph. Volatile sulphur compounds produced in mouth air were analyzed by gas chromatograph to determine volumes of CH3SH. Subgingival plaque samples were taken with sterilized paper points from the deepest site of probing depth in each subjects. The samples were examined by means of dark field microscopy and 100 bacteria in randomly selected fields were classified on a percentage basis into one of the following morphological categories: (1) spirochetes, (2) motile rods, (3) filaments, (4) fusiforms, (5) straight rods, and (6) coccoid cells. Total cell counts per 1 ml were calculated from bacterial counts of each categories. Comparison of 2 independent means from each groups were carried out by Wilcoxon's rank sum test for nonparametric values. Correlations of bacterial data with CH3SH values in mouth air were determined by means of Spearman rank correlation cofficient. Results were as follows; 1. Significant differences existed in the microbial flora between the 2 groups: percentage of spirochetes and motile rods in group B were significantly higher than those in group N (p less than 0.01). Total cell counts of group B were significantly greater than group N, and there were statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01). 2. CH3SH values in mouth air had positive correlations with the percentage of spirochetes, the percentage of motile rods, and total cell counts. These results are consistent with the view that subgingival microorganisms play a certain role in the production of bad breath. Moreover, it was suggested that spirochetes and motile rods are related to the mechanism of bad breath production.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of halothane anesthesia on mesenteric intralymphatic pressure in the rat.

The effect of halothane on mesenteric intralymphatic pressure was examined in 20 rats. Following administration of 1.5% halothane, lymph pressure decreased from a control value of 7.6 +/- 1.5cmH20 to 3.8 +/- 1.8cmH20. On the other hand, a lower concentration of halothane (1%) did not alter lymph pressure. In conjunction with earlier findings, these data suggest further that lymph propulsion is suppressed during halothane (greater than 1.5%) anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of amylase linked immunoglobulin G to distinguish human salivary and pancreatic isoamylases.

An immunoglobulin G of the kappa type linked to salivary amylase was identified in the serum of a patient with colon cancer and persistent hyperamylasemia. The binding site on the immunoglobulin in the complex is located in F(ab')2 portion. The purified IgG recombined only with purified human salivary amylase, and could be used to separate human isoamylases.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1988

The role of the C9b domain in the binding of C9 molecules to EAC1-8 defined by monoclonal antibodies to C9.

Three mAb to human C9, X195, X197, and P40 were used to analyze the roles of the C9a and C9b domains in the reaction of the C9 molecule with sensitized sheep E bearing C1 to C8 (EAC1-8). X195 bound to NH2-terminal (C9a) fragments, and X197 bound to COOH-terminal (C9b) fragments obtained by cleavage of C9 with alpha-thrombin or trypsin. P40 recognized the epitope on the C9b fragment obtained by alpha-thrombin cleavage but did not react with the NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal fragment obtained by trypsin cleavage. In this respect, P40 differed from mAb to C9 reported previously. P40 almost completely inhibited the hemolytic activity of C9. X195 and X197 also inhibited C9 activity, but less effectively than P40. C9 molecules bound to P40 could not bind to EAC1-8 cells. C9 bound to X197 could not bind rapidly to EAC1-8, but prolonged incubation of the C9-X197 complex with EAC1-8 caused considerable lysis of the cells. C9 molecules bound to X195 could bind rapidly to EAC1-8, but their lytic activity was partially inhibited by the bound antibody. From these results, it is concluded that the C9b but not C9a domain contributes to the binding of C9 to EAC1-8 and that the epitope recognized by P40 or a closely adjacent site may be the binding site of C9 molecule to EAC1-8.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and/or recombinant interleukin-2.

Five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were subjected to immunotherapy: three patients were treated by adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and two patients by systemic administration of rIL-2 alone. In one patient with diffuse-type hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis who was treated by infusion of LAK cells (a total number of 1.5 x 10(10) cells/13 doses) and continuous rIL-2 administration (a total dose of 1.25 x 10(8) units) via a percutaneously placed hepatic arterial catheter, the size of the tumor reduced dramatically and the portal vein thrombosis retracted. In two patients who had LAK cells infused (totals of 6.6 x 10(9) cells/4 doses and 3.1 x 10(9) cells/2 doses, respectively) during hepatic angiogram followed by systemic administration of rIL-2 twice a day, no clinical improvement was noticed. In two patients who received rIL-2 alone systemically (total doses of 8.9 x 10(7) and 5.5 x 10(7) units, respectively), neither clinical improvement nor severe side effects were observed. The results suggest that adoptive immunotherapy combined with continuous local administration of rIL-2 via a percutaneously placed hepatic arterial catheter may be an effective therapy without apparent side effects for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who cannot be treated by conventional cancer therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Induction of anomalous killing activity from antigen-specific CTL clones by adding high doses of human recombinant interleukin 2.

Four out of six long-term murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified spleen cells could develop an anomalous cytotoxicity against syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells upon stimulation with TNP-modified spleen cells and high doses of human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). On FACS analysis, hyperactivated CTLs were positive for Thy-1, Ly 2 and LFA-1, but negative for L3T4 and asialo GM1. The staining profile of the cells with each antibody indicated that the CTL clones consisted of just one cell type. Monoclonal anti-Ly 2.2 and anti-LAA (lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen) antibodies inhibited cytolysis of CTL and hyperactivated CTL clones against TNP-modified spleen cells, but failed to inhibit the anomalous killing of the hyperactivated CTL. The cold target competition test suggested the degeneracy of antigen specificity. The present study demonstrated that the CTL clone acquired a new specificity for tumor target cells upon stimulation with a high dose of rIL-2.

Animals↗