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Biomedical subjects

T Morimoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Morimoto.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Seven cases of pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is valuable for diagnosing most recurrent rectal cancers, but it is inadequate for early detection. Pelvic computed tomography examination is very valuable for the early detection and localization of recurrence in relation to pelvic structures and can also serve as a guide in percutaneous needle biopsy of the tumor. Seven patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions underwent pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. The ileal segment conduit was used for ureteral urinary diversion. The mean operation time and blood loss were 8.8 hours and 6,200 ml, respectively. No operative deaths were encountered. One patient is alive 22 months postoperatively with no evidence of disease, and another patient is alive 32 months postoperatively with pelvic wall recurrence. This procedure seems a reasonable treatment for palliation and full recovery in certain patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of hepatic artery embolization on the adenylate energy charge level and the redox state of the cirrhotic liver.

Hepatic energy charge ((ATP + 1/2ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)) and arterial blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate) were measured after hepatic artery embolization in carbon-tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. In normal livers, energy charge slightly decreased at 3 h and returned to normal levels at 6 h. By contrast, in cirrhotic livers, energy charge was drastically decreased at 3 h after embolization and was not completely recovered at 6 h. Blood ketone body ratio, reflecting hepatic mitochondrial redox (NAD+/NADH) state, also decreased at 3 h after embolization in both groups, and its recovery was not observed in cirrhotic group at 6 h.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1986

Infectivity of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites measured with a DNA probe.

A 2.3 kb, 32P-labeled repetitive DNA probe of Plasmodium berghei was used to measure the amount of parasite DNA in the liver of Norway Brown rats and mice infected with sporozoites. Standard hybridization curves were obtained by probing different amounts (100 pg to 1 microgram) of P. berghei DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. Host DNA did not interfere with hybridization specificity and sensitivity. A 100-fold increase in hepatic parasite DNA was detected between 25 h post-infection and the peak of parasite proliferation, detected at 44 h. The amount of parasite DNA increased with the number of injected sporozoites. At 5 h post-infection, a large proportion of parasite DNA was found in the spleen. However, this diminished with time and was negligible in amount at 25 h. A significant number of viable sporozoites were probably cleared in the spleen, since considerably more parasite DNA was found in the livers of splenectomized rats than in sham-operated counterparts. Although older rats develop much lower parasitemias upon inoculation of sporozoites, no significant differences were observed in the amount of parasite DNA in rats, 43 and 152 days old, injected with equal numbers of sporozoites. The higher resistance to malaria displayed by older rats is probably controlled by post-hepatic events. The infectivity of sporozoites for A/J mice was calculated to be about 1/20th that of Norway Brown rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

AMP deaminase activity of skeletal muscle in neuromuscular disorders in childhood. Histochemical and biochemical studies.

We studied the histochemical staining and biochemical activity of AMP deaminase in biopsied muscle in Becker-type muscular dystrophy (BMD), Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy (DMD), Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (WH) in order to elucidate the change of AMP deaminase activity in muscle with neuromuscular disorders in childhood. The intensity of AMP deaminase staining did not decrease in BMD with mild pathologic change, but in DMD, FCMD and WH it decreased in parallel with the severity of the pathologic change. The biochemical activity of AMP deaminase did not decrease in muscle with mild pathologic change in patients with DMD and tended to decrease according to the progress of the disease. The activity of AMP deaminase in muscle of patients with FCMD and WH which showed severe pathologic change was remarkably low. It was demonstrated that the decrease in the activity of AMP deaminase was related to the intensity of pathologic change rather than diagnosis of a neuromuscular disorder.

AMP Deaminase↗
PubMed1986

Reconstitution of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase vesicles lacking ion channels and demonstration of electrogenicity of Ca2+-pump.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were reconstituted by the salting out method in the presence of excess phospholipids: the lipid-to-protein ratio ranged from 10 to 100. It was found that the reconstituted vesicles could be separated by KC1 density gradient centrifugation into four types: those having both cation and anion channels (CASR), those having only cation channels (CSR), those having only anion channels (ASR), and those having no ion channels (PSR). From the yield of these vesicles, it was estimated that one native SR vesicle contains 19 cation channels and 1.4 anion channels on average; the amount of cation channels is 14 times larger than that of anion channels. Although all vesicles thus prepared are considered to contain the Ca2+-ATPase protein, the PSR vesicles alone did not take up Ca2+, but they did do so in the presence of valinomycin. This result indicates that the Ca2+-ATPase takes up Ca2+ in an electrogenic manner. The electromotive force was estimated to be about 50 mV.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Accumulation of neurofilaments in a sporadic case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We report a case of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) characterized by a marked accumulation of neurofilaments in the cytoplasm of neurons. The neurofilament was identified by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. The distribution of the accumulation in this case was unique, not only in the motoneurons of the anterior horn but also in the neurons of the other areas of the spinal gray matter, some nuclei in the brain stem, pontine reticular formation, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus in the cerebellum and pyramidal cells in the motor cortex. These observations shed light on the pathogenesis of ALS.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1986

Recovery of blood volume and osmolality after thermal dehydration in rats.

Changes in blood volume and fluid intake were assessed continuously during recovery from thermal dehydration (approximately 6 ml/100 g body wt) in rats. Catheters chronically implanted into the jugular vein and descending aorta were connected with the system for continuous monitoring of blood volume. Changes in blood volume and fluid consumption were recorded for 2-6 h while tap water (TW group) or 0.45% NaCl solution (Na group) was provided ad libitum. As soon as the fluids became available, the rats in both groups drank a relatively large volume (2-3 ml/100 g) within 10 min. Thereafter, Na group consumed approximately 1 ml X 100 g body wt-1 X 30-60 min-1 and regained almost all water loss in 2 h, whereas TW group drank only approximately 50% of their water deficit. The percent of ingested fluid that remained in vascular space was 17% on average in both groups. Thus TW group replenished 80% of the depleted blood volume, whereas Na group regained almost all of it. Rehydration for 2 h decreased plasma Na concentration to the control level in TW group, whereas in Na group the level remained high. These results suggest that the lower fluid intake in TW group is due to the dilutional inhibition of drinking and that the osmoregulation has priority over blood volume regulation in restitution from thermal dehydration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Continuous determination of blood volume on conscious rats during water and food intake.

A method to measure circulating blood volume continuously on a conscious rat was developed using the dilution method of 51Cr-labelled red cell and changes in blood volume after drinking and food intake were monitored. In splenectomized rats, the blood volume showed a transient decrease of 0.1-0.2 ml/100 g body wt. about 30 min after food intake, while increasing by 0.1-0.4 ml/100 g body wt. after water ingestion. Thus, blood volume showed fluctuations following water and food intake ranging from 2-8% of the circulating blood volume.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Continuous recording of plasma sodium concentration and blood volume in awake rats.

A new continuous measuring system for blood sodium concentration and blood volume in conscious rats is described. A small extracorporeal circulation was made and the blood was passed through a sodium sensitive glass electrode and a gamma-counter. Applying the system to conscious rats, the effect of various salinities of drinking water was detected from the change in blood sodium concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Competitive binding assay with dextran-coated charcoal for measurement of sex hormone-binding globulin in breast cancer].

A simplified method for determination of the binding capacity of the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG-BC) in human serum and its clinical application are described. This method is based on the estimation of the amount of estradiol (E2) bound with SHBG which possessed binding sites with it. After removing the endogenous steroids from the serum-samples by adsorption with dextran coated charcoal, the value of SHBG-BC increased by 18% compared with that of untreated serum. In 48 patients of various ages with breast cancer, the value of SHBG-BC (34.6 +/- 11.1; mean +/- S.D.), expressed as pico mole per 1 ml serum, did not differ significantly from that of 12 healthy control women (29.6 +/- 6.6). However, in postmenopausal women, the value of SHBG-BC in 24 patients with breast cancer (33.4 +/- 12.2) differed from that of 6 controls (26.1 +/- 4.9; p less than 0.05). In addition, estrogen receptors (ER) were measured by using gel-filtration method in cytosols from the tissue of breast cancer. The value of SHBG-BC in 15 ER-positive cases (40.4 +/- 10.1) was significantly higher than that in 13 ER-negative cases (29.3 +/- 8.7; p less than 0.01), but the value of SHBG-BC and ER did not run parallel completely.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Changes in oxidative phosphorylation, adenylate energy charge, and respiratory components in chloramphenicol-treated regenerating rat liver.

To clarify the functional adaptability of mitochondria in the regenerating liver, the concentrations of respiratory components, hepatic energy charge levels, cytochrome oxidase activity, and phosphorylative activity were studied in mitochondria obtained from regenerating liver of rats treated with chloramphenicol (CAP). In the hepatectomized groups with CAP treatment, a dose-dependent decrease occurred in the concentrations of cytochrome a(+ a3), cytochrome b, cytochrome c + c1, flavoprotein, and pyridine nucleotide. Cytochrome oxidase activity and phosphorylative activity per milligram of mitochondrial protein also decreased dose dependently in CAP-treated hepatectomized groups, with a significant increase in these values per unit of cytochrome a(+ a3). Hepatic energy charge levels significantly decreased in the hepatectomized groups. However, no significant differences were seen among the hepatectomized groups. However, no significant differences were seen among the hepatectomized groups with or without CAP treatment. Our results suggest that hepatic energy charge is maintained at the same relative level by a compensatory enhancement in phosphorylative capacity associated with cytochrome oxidase activity per unit of cytochrome a(+ a3), in spite of a remarkable decrease in the concentrations of respiratory components.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

[A randomized controlled trial of surgical adjuvant therapy with mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil and OK-432 in patients with gastric cancer].

The effect of postoperative immunochemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and OK-432 was evaluated as an adjuvant therapy after curative resection for gastric cancer. Immediately after surgery, patients were randomly allocated to the following three treatments: (A) chemotherapy with MMC and 5-FU (32 cases); (B) chemoimmunotherapy with MMC, 5-FU and OK-432 (33 cases); and (C) surgery alone as control (34 cases). There were no significant differences in the background factors influencing survival time among the groups, and there was no dose-distribution of chemotherapeutic agents between groups A and B. While the differences were not statistically significant, the survival rate and disease-free interval of group B were better than those of groups A or C. Side effects such as gastroenteric disorder, leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3), thrombocytopenia (less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3) and increase of serum transaminase level (GPT greater than or equal to 100 units) were less frequently observed in group B than in group A. The results of the present study seemed to indicate that chemoimmunotherapy with OK-432 may be effective for surgical adjuvant therapy.

Aged↗