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Biomedical subjects

T Momose

Publications and source records attributed to T Momose.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Myocardial glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients evaluated by FDG-PET.

UNLABELLED: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of several factors influencing the assessment of myocardial viability using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. METHODS: To compare the myocardial glucose metabolism of normal subjects to patients with DM, we performed a quantitative FDG study during insulin clamp, oral glucose loading and fasting in nine normal volunteers and eight patients with noninsulin-dependent DM (NIDDM). RESULTS: During oral glucose loading, myocardium-to-background (MB) ratio remarkably deteriorated in NIDDM patients compared with normals because of high plasma glucose and low serum insulin. Myocardial glucose utilization (MGU) rates in NIDDM patients were also lower than those in normal volunteers. MB ratio of FDG remarkably improved with insulin clamp in NIDDM patients compared with oral glucose loading. MGU rates during insulin clamp were still slightly lower than in the normal volunteers despite low plasma glucose and adequate plasma insulin. CONCLUSION: The insulin clamp method may be very useful in NIDDM patients for improved myocardial FDG uptake compared to oral glucose loading or fasting, but slight decreases in MGU rates during insulin clamp in NIDDM patients may be because of insulin resistance (GluT4 abnormality).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Analgesic efficacy of E2078 (dynorphin analog) in patients following abdominal surgery].

Studies were carried out to elucidate the efficacy and safety of E2078, a metabolically stable dynorphin analog, in patients with severe pain following lower abdominal surgery. E2078 was administered intramuscularly in a single dose of 1 to 15 mg. The efficacy was determined by evaluating the pain intensity score (PI) and global improvement rating (GIR) by the investigator. E2078 exhibited analgesic effect at doses of 10 mg or more. At the dose of 10 mg (n = 24). PI decreased from 3.0 to 1.3, and GIR was 83%. When the dose was increased to 12.5 mg (n = 15), PI improved from 3.0 to 1.3, and GIR was 100%. The improvement in PI, GIR and the duration of efficacy were 3.0 to 0.8, 100% and 6 hours 40 minutes with E2078 15 mg (n = 10), respectively. E2078 did not produce any adverse effects at doses of up to 15 mg. The results of the present study indicate that E2078 begins to exhibit analgesic effect at a dose of 10 mg, and at 15 mg its effect is comparable to that of pentazocine 15 mg.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Effect of sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution on peripheral staining of rigid contact lens wearers.

We evaluated the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solutions on 3 and 9 o'clock staining with rigid contact lens wearers in a double masked multicenter study involving four institutions and 43 patients. Both sodium hyaluronate (0.1%) and control ophthalmic solutions (artificial tears) without preservative were used. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The test group received sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution, and the control group received artificial tears as a control ophthalmic solution. The agents were instilled six times per day for 2 weeks while patients wore contact lenses. Although subjective symptoms improved similarly in the two groups, slit lamp observation, corneal staining, and anterior segment photography demonstrated improved results in eyes having received sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solutions. We conclude that sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution is effective and safe for treating 3 and 9 o'clock staining in rigid contact lens wearers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Cortical control of saccade in normal and schizophrenic subjects: a PET study using a task-evoked rCBF paradigm.

In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to evaluate cortical control of saccades. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns demonstrated by 15O water PET during saccadic task performance were tested in 13 normal volunteers and 20 ICD-9 schizo phrenics (10 unmedicated and 10 medicated). The following 3 saccadic tasks, which were controlled for sensory input and oculomotor output, were applied: (1) reflexive saccade = visually guided saccade, (2) volitional saccade = visually guided saccade with distracting stimuli, and (3) memory guided saccade. Schizophrenics lacked the frontal eye field (FEF) activation during every saccadic task. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was activated during volitional saccade only in normal controls. The rCBF of posterior parietal cortex increased in parallel with that in the DLPFC. These findings suggest functional hypofrontality in schizophrenia and the left DLPFC-PPC's crucial role in saccade against distracting stimuli and its dysfunction in the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Cartilage degeneration and measurement of the contact area of the trapeziometacarpal joint: morphological observation].

To clarify the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in the trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint, the correlation of the location of osteoarthritic changes with the contact area of the joint was investigated in 102 TM joints from 51 anatomical cadavers. The location of the osteoarthritic changes was studied macroscopically and its severity was classified according to the modified North's classification. The location and area of the articular contact were determined by using the casting method in various positions of the thumb, and the ratio of the contact area to the total joint area was also calculated. Degenerative change was observed frequently in the radial, volar and ulnar segments of the trapezium and in the ulnar segment of the metacarpal bone. When the thumb was held in opposition, the contact area of the trapezium was located in the radial, volar and ulnar segments, corresponding to the place where degeneration of the cartilage frequently occurred. The contact area was the largest with the thumb in opposition. These findings suggested that the TM joint was most stable in opposition where transmission of compressive force was higher than in the other positions. This study revealed that trapeziometacarpal arthritis may be the result of compression forces across the joint with the thumb in opposition.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with a low level of apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) which responded to combination of vincristine and beraprost].

A 51-year-old man was admitted to the psychiatric ward because of increasing confusion and irrational behavior. He was later transferred to our department due to anemia and thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was made based on the presence of thrombocytopenic purpura, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms and fever. Corticosteroids, plasma exchange (PE), dextrans, dipyridamole and vincristine (VCR) were given without satisfactory response. Beraprost sodium was prescribed followed by a dramatic improvement and complete remission. A number of reports indicated that prostacyclin metabolism was involved in the pathogenesis of TTP. Recently Apo A-I was identified to be a prostacyclin-stabilizing factor, which was initially low in this patient. If patients do not respond to either PE or VCR, consideration should be given to treatment with beraprost, especially when the level of Apo A-I is low.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1993

Semantic process in kana word reading: activation studies with positron emission tomography.

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography to study changes during Japanese kana word or kana non-word reading tasks. The main cortical activation was observed bilaterally in the lateral and medial occipital gyri, and the left posterior inferior temporal area in both kana word and kana non-word tasks. In addition, the kana word task activated the right posterior inferior temporal area. Comparison of the mean regional cerebral blood flow increases revealed that the kana word task activated the left posterior inferior temporal area more than the kana non-word task, suggesting the role of the semantic process as well as the morphological one in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral vasodilatory capacity mapping using technetium-99m-DTPA-HSA SPECT and acetazolamide in moyamoya disease.

A cerebral vasodilatory capacity map, consisting of a 99mTc-DTPA-HSA SPECT image obtained after acetazolamide injection minus the baseline image, was produced in a patient with moyamoya disease. The map demonstrated diminished capacity in the posterior region of the right cerebral hemisphere. Subsequently, cerebral infarction occurred in the corresponding area. This observation suggests that regions of low vasodilatory capacity identified by cerebral vasodilatory capacity mapping may be at high risk of ischemic stroke.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical usefulness of 99mTc-ECD--a multicenter phase 3 study].

A phase 3 clinical study of a newly developed brain perfusion agent, 99mTc-L,L-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD), was performed in 521 cases of cerebrovascular diseases and impairment of brain function to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and usefulness of the agent as a multi-center study involving 35 institutions in Japan. Out of 510 cases evaluated for the clinical usefulness, valuable information for clinical diagnosis was obtained in 486 cases (95.3%), and 444 cases (87.1%) were judged as "extremely useful" or "useful". Although the positive ratio of abnormalities detected by the agent was as same as that of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HM-PAO), the abnormal regions detected by the agent had tendency to be larger in size and to have higher contrast than those detected by 99mTc-HM-PAO. It is concluded that 99mTc-ECD is a safe and useful radiopharmaceutical as a brain perfusion agent for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases and impairment of brain function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical application of 11C-NMSP to the patients with pituitary adenoma other than prolactinoma].

The existence of dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary adenoma is an important factor for bromocriptine therapy. In order to evaluate the D2 receptors in the pituitary adenoma, 11C-N-methylspiperone (NMSP) and positron emission tomography was performed in a variety of pituitary adenomas other than prolactinoma. Eight patients with pituitary adenoma including four non-functioning adenomas, two growth hormone (GH) secreting adenomas, one ACTH secreting adenoma and one TSH secreting adenoma and ten normal healthy volunteers were examined. 740 MBq of 11C-NMSP was injected and dynamic scan was performed from the time of injection to 80 min postinjection. The time dependent regional radioactivity in the striatum (st) and in the tumor tissue (tm) was measured and the binding rate, alpha, was calculated according to the following equation: Cst, tm/Ccbl = alpha x integral of t0 Ccbl dt/Ccbl + 1. The ratio of total radioactivity in the striatum or tumor over total activity in the cerebellum was plotted versus "normalized time", which was obtained by dividing integrated cerebellar radioactivity by actual cerebellar radioactivity for each timepoint. In three patients with pituitary adenoma, two scans were performed before and three hours after oral intake of 2.5 mg of bromocriptine. The alpha values for pituitary adenoma and normal striatum were 0.031 +/- 0.023 (0.017-0.088) and 0.042 +/- 0.006 (0.034-0.049), respectively. Bromocriptine reduced alpha value to various degree in pituitary adenoma (13-56%) but not in striatum (-3.7-3.3%). Our data suggests that in some of pituitary adenoma other than prolactinoma, dopamine D2 receptors existed but that nonspecific binding also contributed to the radioactivity in the tumor tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Kanji word reading process analysed by positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography, involving the H2(15)O injection technique, was used to study changes in regional cerebral blood flow during Japanese kanji word reading. Three-times intrasubject averaging analysis revealed that the main cortical responses occurred in the bilateral (left-side dominant) posterior inferior temporal area for visual input. We believe the left posterior inferior temporal area processes highly complex morphological features of kanji. For language output, left-side dominant activation of the posterior inferior frontal gyrus and the basal ganglia was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporal lobe CO2 vasoreactivity in patients with complex partial seizures.

The topography of CO2 vasoreactivity during hyperventilation in 8 patients with complex partial seizure (CPS) was visualized using the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by H(2)15O-PET (positron emission tomography) and compared with that of 10 normal volunteers. In the normal volunteers, the vascular response to CO2 (VrCO2 = delta CBF%/delta PaCO2) in the temporal lobe was 2.46 +/- 0.56 (%/mmHg). In the patients with CPS, VrCO2 in the temporal lobe of the affected side was 2.08 +/- 0.40 (%/mmHg), while VrCO2 on the contralateral side was 2.30 +/- 0.46 (%/mmHg). There was a significant difference in VrCO2 between the affected side of the temporal lobes and the temporal lobes of the normal volunteers. Furthermore, there was a tendency for VrCO2 to be lower in the affected than in the contralateral side of the temporal lobe in patients with CPS. As CO2 is the main regulator of CBF, this impaired vasoreactivity may reflect the brain dysfunction in the seizure focus and adjacent areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Japanese crossed Wernicke's aphasia.

A right-handed Japanese man with no personal or family history of left-handedness developed severe Wernicke's aphasia, a mild constructional disorder, and slight left hemiparesis. MRI revealed infarction in the territory of the righ middle cerebral artery, including areas homologous to Broca's and Wernicke's areas. The cerebral blood flow in these areas remained diminished even after language activation. The most likely explanation is that language production occurred in the left Broca's area, while language comprehension occurred in the right Wernicke's area (a dissociated aphasia).

Aphasia, Wernicke↗
PubMed1992

[Metabolism of 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) in blood--mainly in vitro].

Metabolism of 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) in blood was studied mainly in vitro. When 99mTc-ECD was mixed with blood taken from 12 subjects, the octanol extraction ratio of ECD (y) decreased rapidly and the octanol extraction ratio-time profile well fitted a monoexponential curve (y = Ae-kt/1000, A, k: constant, t: time after mixing). The k value and hematocrit (Ht) were significantly correlated (k = 0.376Ht-3.27, r = 0.897, p less than 0.001), therefore, it was suggested that the majority of the enzyme which dissolves ECD exists in red blood cells. When ECD was mixed with blood, there were more hydrophilic products of ECD in plasma than those generated by the enzyme in plasma. In vivo input function of 99mTc-ECD was calculated by arterial blood sampling and octanol extraction. The duration of effective input was relatively short, which was attributed to rapid decrease of octanol extraction ratio in vivo.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

[Phase 2 clinical study of 99mTc-ECD--a multicenter study].

A phase 2 clinical study of a newly developed brain perfusion agent, 99mTc-ECD, was performed in 166 cases of cerebrovascular diseases and impairment of brain function to evaluate effectiveness, usefulness, optimum dose and optimum timing of imaging as a multi-center study involving 10 institutions in Japan. All cases were judged as no problems on safety and any side effects due to the administration of the compound were not observed. Out of 163 cases evaluated for the clinical usefulness, valuable information for clinical diagnosis was obtained in 160 cases (98.3%), and 154 cases (94.5%) were judged as "extremely useful" or "useful". Although SPECT imaging was possible from 5 min after injection, images obtained between 60 and 90 min after injection showed relatively better image quality in many cases. Regarding standard administration dose, 400 to 800 MBq were considered to be appropriate. 99mTc-ECD is considered to be a promising radiopharmaceutical as a brain perfusion agent.

Adolescent↗