Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Mizoguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Mizoguchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of an antithrombin agent "Argatroban" combined with exercise therapy on increase of the skeletal muscle blood flow.

Argatroban has selective antithrombin activity and widely used for treatment of ASO. In this study we investigated vasodilating activity of Argatroban besides antithrombin activity in ASO patients. Three patients who have undergone F-P bypasses previously which were all occluded received 10 mg or 20 mg of Argatroban per day intravenously for 4 weeks. Skin temperature were measured before and after administration of Argatroban at the point of 1, 2, 4 weeks which increased 2.3-6.0 degrees C after administration of Argatroban. Subjective symptoms were also improved and these patients became to be able to walk 1.5-3.3 km. These patients were also given PGE, intravenously, however, temperature increase was less than 1.1 degrees C. These results showed that Argatroban has not only antithrombin activity but also significant vasodilating activity resulting in increase of skeletal muscle blood flow.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is induced simultaneously with genes for a mitogen-activated protein kinase and an S6 ribosomal protein kinase by touch, cold, and water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We describe here the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a protein kinase that has high sequence homology to members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MEKK) family; this cDNA is named cATMEKKI (Arabidopsis thaliana MAP kinase or ERK kinase kinase 1). The catalytic domain of the putative ATMEKK1 protein shows approximately 40% identity with the amino acid sequences of the catalytic domains of MAPKKKs (such as Byr2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Ste11 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bck1 from S. cerevisiae, MEKK from mouse, and NPK1 from tobacco). In yeast cells that overexpress ATMEKK1, the protein kinase replaces Ste11 in responding to mating pheromone. In this study, the expression of three protein kinases was examined by Northern blot analyses: ATMEKK1 (structurally related to MAPKKK), ATMPK3 (structurally related to MAPK), and ATPK19 (structurally related to ribosomal S6 kinase). The mRNA levels of these three protein kinases increased markedly and simultaneously in response to touch, cold, and salinity stress. These results suggest that MAP kinase cascades, which are thought to respond to a variety of extracellular signals, are regulated not only at the posttranslational level but also at the transcriptional level in plants and that MAP kinase cascades in plants may function in transducing signals in the presence of environmental stress.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) synthesizes phosphatidic acid from diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), to resynthesize phosphatidylinositols. The structure of DGK has not been characterized in plants. We report the cloning of a cDNA, cATDGK1, encoding DGK from Arabidopsis thaliana. The cATDGK1 CDNA contains an open reading frame of 2184 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 728 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kDa. The deduced ATDGK1 amino acid sequence exhibits significant similarity to that of rat, pig, and Drosophila DGKs. The ATDGK1 mRNA was detected in roots, shoots, and leaves. Southern blot analysis suggests that the ATDGK1 gene is a single-copy gene. The existence of DGK as well as phospholipase C suggests the existence of PKC in plants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Trabeculotomy ab externo, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation: preliminary report.

PURPOSE: To compare the results of a triple procedure using either extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) or one of two phacoemulsification techniques combined with trabeculotomy ab externo and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan, and Nagata Eye Hospital, Nara, Japan. METHODS: In this comparative study, 25 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma had ECCE combined with trabeculotomy ab externo and IOL implantation and 22 had the same procedure using phacoemulsification instead of ECCE. Of the eyes that had phacoemulsification, 10 had a single-flap and 12 had a double-flap procedure. RESULTS: All 22 eyes that had phacoemulsification had a postoperative IOP of 21 mm Hg or less, as did all ECCE eyes except 2. Although the self-sealing incision might have caused the higher incidence of IOP spikes in the immediate postoperative period, IOPs in the phacoemulsification groups were lower after 3 months. Results were similar in the single-flap and double-flap phacoemulsification groups. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSION: Cataract extraction by phacoemulsification or ECCE combined with IOL implantation and trabeculotomy ab externo is a safe, effective treatment for patients with coexisting glaucoma and cataract.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Biosynthesis of Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoic Acid) Copolymer from CO(inf2) in Pseudomonas acidophila through Introduction of the DNA Fragment Responsible for Chemolithoautotrophic Growth of Alcaligenes hydrogenophilus.

Pseudomonas acidophila is a bacterial strain producing a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) (PHA) copolymer from low-molecular-weight organic compounds such as formate and acetate. The genes responsible for PHA production were cloned in cosmid pIK7 containing a 14.8-kb HindIII fragment of P. acidophila DNA. With the aim of developing a means of producing a PHA copolymer from CO(inf2), cosmid pIK7 was introduced into a polymer-negative mutant of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus PHB(sup-)4. However, the recombinant strain produced a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (polyhydroxybutyric acid) from CO(inf2). Since it was thought that the composition of the accumulated polymer might depend not on the PHA biosynthetic genes but on the metabolism of the host strain, a recombinant plasmid, pFUS, containing the genes for chemolithoautotrophic growth of the hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium A. hydrogenophilus was introduced into P. acidophila by conjugation. The recombinant plasmid pFUS was stably maintained in P. acidophila in the absence of chemolithoautotrophic or antibiotic selection. This pFUS-harboring strain possessed the ability to grow under a gas mixture of H(inf2), O(inf2), and CO(inf2) in a mineral salts medium, and PHA copolymer accumulation was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. A gas chromatogram obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the composition of the polymer to be 52.8% 3-hydroxybutyrate, 41.1% 3-hydroxyoctanoate, and 6.1% 3-hydroxydecanoate. This is the first report of the production of a PHA copolymer from CO(inf2) as sole carbon source.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Long-term surgical effects of trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy].

We retrospectively analyzed long-term effects of trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy. We reviewed 29 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and 6 eyes with psuedexfoliation glaucoma. The preoperative intraocular pressure was equal to or over 21 mmHg. All cases had been subjected to initial trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy. The had been followed up for at least 3 years after surgery. The mean age was 57.8 years and the mean follow-up period was 40.5 months. The preoperative intraocular pressure was 24.3 +/- 5.9 mmHg (Mean +/- standard deviation) and the postoperative intraocular pressure was 15.8 +/- 3.8 mmHg. There was statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure. The Kaplan-Meier life table method indicated a success rate at 50 months after surgery of 0.63 +/- 0.15, as defined by intraocular pressure of 20 mmHg or lower, and of 0.35 +/- 0.08 as defined by intraocular pressure equal to or lower than 14 mmHg. The success rate of filtering blebs was 0.10 +/- 0.05 at 50 months. Eleven of 35 eyes (37%) were controlled at equal to or below 14 mmHg and 20 of 35 (67%) eyes were controlled at equal to or lower than 16 mmHg at final postoperative intraocular pressure. The surgical results of trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy remain effective in controlling intraocular pressure levels for long periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Intraocular pressure decrease after phacoemulsification-aspiration+ intraocular lens implantation in primary open angle glaucoma eyes].

Phacoemulsification-aspiration and intraocular lens implantation (PEA + IOL) were carried out in 40 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes without history of surgery and 53 control (cataract only) eyes. Postoperative change in intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated over a long period (at least 18 months, average follow-up period 34 months). The postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative level in every group from 6 months to 3 years. An IOP decrease of 1.5 mmHg was maintained for 3 years in the control group. A decrease of 2.5 mmHg was stable for 3 years in the good POAG group in which preoperative IOP was controlled (< or = 20 mmHg) with medication. IOP decrease in the poor POAG group in which preoperative IOP was over 21 mmHg with medication, was 5.5 mmHg, and was maintained for 3 years. Medication did not differ significantly before or after the operation. These results imply that in POAG an IOP decrease can be expected after PEA + IOL.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical effects of trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy in advanced glaucoma patients controlled in normal intraocular pressure of 15 mmHg or higher].

Trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy was performed in 30 eyes with advanced open angle glaucoma, whose intraocular pressure (IOP) had been controlled in their high teens with only topical medications. The mean pre- and postoperative IOP levels were 18.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation) and 13.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg and the pressure reduction was 4.6 +/- 2.4 mmHg. Average pressure reduction was 28.8 +/- 9.3% and pressure reduction of 30% or more was obtained in 45% of the treated eyes. The pre- and postoperative medication scores were 4.47 +/- 1.50 and 3.07 +/- 1.17, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the pre- and postoperative medication score. We had no cases in which the IOP reduction was greater than 9 mmHg and postoperative IOP was 9 mmHg or less. A 3-line drop in visual acuity was seen in only one eye. Twenty two of 30 eyes (73%) were controlled at 14 mmHg or less with medications at the last examination. These results show that trabeculotomy combined with sinusotomy in effective, and this procedure can be considered as an alternative choice for surgical treatment in advanced glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The role of cysteine in the alteration of bovine liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3 activity.

Bovine liver NADP(+)-dependent dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD3) is extremely sensitive to SH reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). NEM produced time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of DD3 in a pseudo-first-order reaction manner. This inactivation was prevented by NADP+, 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, 2',5'-ADP and 2'-AMP but not by substrates, NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide or 5'-ADP.DD3 was absorbed by an affinity column of thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B, but enzyme incubated with both NEM and NADP+ was not. Moreover, one [14C]NEM molecule was incorporated into a cysteine of DD3 in the presence, and two cysteines of DD3 in the absence, of NADP+. These results suggested that two cysteine residues were modified per enzyme molecule by NEM, one was protected by NADP+ and the other had no significant function for the enzyme activity. Two radiolabelled peptides (P1 and P2) produced by the digestion with lysyl endopeptidase of [14C]NEM-modified DD3 could be separated by reverse-phase HPLC. P1, which was radiolabelled by [14C]NEM only in the absence of NADP+, showed the following sequence; H2N-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Val-Xaa-Asn-Gln-Val-Glu- NEM.Cys-His-Pro-Tyr-Phe-Asn-Gln-Ser-Lys-COOH (Xaa indicates a possible cysteine residue). This sequence was very similar to that of rat liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD/DD) (residues 184 to 201) and was also highly conserved in the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. The sequence of P2, which had radioactivity in both the absence and presence of NADP+, also contained an NEM-modified cysteine and was similar in sequence to the regions located in loop A of rat 3 alpha-HSD/DD. The present study suggests that P1, which may have a cysteine residue corresponding to Cys-193 of rat 3 alpha-HSD/DD, functions in the alteration of DD3 activity depending on the modulation of NADP(+)-binding ability through a thiol/disulphide exchange reaction similar to that of rat 3 alpha-HSD/DD shown in our previous results; while P2, which may have a cysteine residue corresponding to Cys-145 of rat 3 alpha-HSD/DD, may be located near the surface of the enzyme molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Enzymatic characterization of a novel bovine liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase--reaction mechanism and bile acid dehydrogenase activity.

Bovine liver cytosolic dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD3) has been characterized by its unique dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity for trans-benzenedihydrodiol (trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol) with the highest affinity and the greatest velocity among three multiple forms of dihydrodiol dehydrogenases (DD1-DD3). It is the first time that DD3 has shown a significant dehydrogenase activity for (S)-(+)-1-indanol with low Km value (0.33 +/- 0.022 mM) and high K(cat) value (25 +/- 0.79 min-1). The investigation of the product inhibition of (S)-(+)-1-indanol with NADP+ versus 1-indanone and NADPH clearly showed that the enzymatic reaction of DD3 may follow a typical ordered Bi Bi mechanism similar to many aldo/keto reductases. Additionally, DD3 was shown to catalyze the dehydrogenation of bile acids (lithocholic acid, taurolithocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid) having no 12-hydroxy groups with low Km values (17 +/- 0.65, 33 +/- 1.9 and 890 +/- 73 microM, respectively). In contrast, DD1, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, shows a broad substrate specificity for many bile acids with higher affinity than those of DD3. Competitive inhibition of DD3 with androsterone against dehydrogenase activity for (S)-(+)-1-indanol, trans-benzenedihydrodiol or lithocholic acid suggests that these three substrates bind to the same substrate binding site of DD3, different from the case of human liver bile acid binder/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (Takikawa, H., Stolz, A., Sugiyama, Y., Yoshida, H., Yamamoto, M. and Kaplowitz, N. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2132-2136). Considering the reaction mechanism, DD3 may also play an important role in bile acids metabolism as well as the detoxication of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is induced by dehydration and salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A cDNA corresponding to a putative phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned by use of the polymerase chain reaction. The cDNA, designated cAtPLC1, encodes a putative polypeptide of 561 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 64 kDa. The putative product includes so-called X and Y domains found in all PI-PLCs identified to date. In mammalian cells, there are three types of PI-PLC, PLC-beta, -gamma, and -delta. The overall structure of the putative AtPLC1 protein is most similar to that of PLC-delta, although the AtPLC1 protein is much smaller than PLCs from other organisms. The recombinant AtPLC1 protein synthesized in Escherichia coli was able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and this activity was completely dependent on Ca2+, as observed also for mammalian PI-PLCs. These results suggest that the AtPLC1 gene encodes a genuine PI-PLC of a higher plant. Northern blot analysis showed that the AtPLC1 gene is expressed at very low levels in the plant under normal conditions but is induced to a significant extent under various environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and low temperature. These observations suggest that AtPLC1 might be involved in the signal-transduction pathways of environmental stresses and that an increase in the level of AtPLC1 might amplify the signal, in a manner that contributes to the adaptation of the plant to these stresses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Reciprocal regulation of prothrombin secretion and tyrosine aminotransferase induction in hepatocytes.

Multicellular spheroids of hepatocytes are known to maintain liver functions for a long period. Rat hepatocytes were isolated to form spheroids by rotation culture and immobilized within calcium alginate. Immobilized spheroids had a much higher extent of tyrosine aminotransferase induction, which is one of the liver-specific differentiated functions, than immobilized non-aggregated cells, while the spheroids secreted significantly less prothrombin than non-aggregated cells. Co-culture of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells in a monolayer enhanced tyrosine aminotransferase induction and suppressed prothrombin secretion, while conditioned medium prepared from non-parenchymal cells greatly stimulated tyrosine aminotransferase induction and suppressed the prothrombin secretion and DNA synthesis in monolayer-cultured hepatocytes. Prothrombin secretion in hepatocytes was subjected to cell-density-dependent regulation. In a similar manner to other growth-related functions, prothrombin secretion was stimulated at low cell density. It has been reported that thrombin activates the zymogen of hepatocyte growth factor activator [Shimomura, T., Kondo, J., Ochiai, M., Naka, D., Miyazawa, K., Morimoto, Y. & Kitamura, N. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22,927-22,932]. Therefore, prothrombin secretion could be one of the growth-related functions and involved in wound healing and liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Two genes that encode ribosomal-protein S6 kinase homologs are induced by cold or salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We have isolated two closely related cDNA clones (cATPK19 and cATPK6) with homology to protein-serine/threonine kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The deduced amino acid sequences of the ATPK19 and ATPK6 contain all 11 conserved regions of the catalytic domain of protein kinases, and have homology to p70 ribosomal S6 kinases (52%). ATPK19 and ATPK6 have putative PEST regions in their N- and C-terminal regions, and these regions also contain putative phosphorylation sites that are recognized by casein kinases or proline-directed protein kinases such as cdc2, MAP kinase, and p54 MAP-2 kinase (SAPK). The transcription levels of the ATPK19 and ATPK6 genes rapidly and markedly increased when plants were subjected to cold or high-salt stresses. These observations suggest that ATPK19 and ATPK6 may function in the adaptation of plant cells to cold or high-salt conditions, providing an understanding of the role of protein phosphorylation in plant responses to environmental stresses.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Sialidase of swine influenza A viruses: variation of the recognition specificities for sialyl linkages and for the molecular species of sialic acid with the year of isolation.

The sialidase of swine influenza A viruses of N1 and N2 subtypes, isolated from 1930 to 1992, was studied for substrate specificity with ganglio-series, lacto-series type II and GM3 gangliosides containing Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal, Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal and Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal linkages. All viral sialidases tested showed that the activity for hydrolysing substrates with Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal was higher than the activities with Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal and Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal linkages. When GM1b, GM3 and sialylparagloboside were used as substrates, the earliest strain (A/Wisconsin/15/30 H1N1, isolated in 1930) showed the activity ratio of Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal to Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal to be 0.13:0.2, and the ratio Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal/Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal to be 0.19:0.37, while those strains isolated from 1978 to 1992 exhibited ratios of 0.29:0.58 for Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal/Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal and 0.51:0.76 for Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal/Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal. The above results indicate that the substrate specificities of sialidases from swine influenza A viruses towards sialyl linkages and the molecular species of sialic acid are related to the year of isolation, i.e. strains isolated after 1978 exhibited higher activity towards Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal and Neu5Gc alpha 2-3Gal linkages when compared with strains isolated in an earlier year, 1930.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Correlation between the induction of a gene for delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the accumulation of proline in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress.

The isolation and characterization is reported of a cDNA for delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (cAtP5CS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline, from a cDNA library prepared from a dehydrated rosette plant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Southern blot analysis suggested that only one copy of the corresponding gene (AtP5CS) is present in A. thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein (AtP5CS) from A. thaliana exhibited 74% homology to that of the P5CS from Vigna aconitifolia. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS was induced by dehydration, high salt and treatment with ABA, while it was not induced by heat or cold treatment. Moreover, the simultaneous accumulation of proline was observed as a result of the former treatments in A. thaliana. A cDNA for P5C reductase (cAtP5CR) was also isolated from A. thaliana and Northern blot analysis was performed. The AtP5CR gene was not induced to a significant extent by dehydration or high-salt stress. These observations suggest that the AtP5CS gene plays a principal role in the biosynthesis of proline in A. thaliana under osmotic stress.

1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1995

Modulation of subcellular particles of the rat small intestine and liver by ebselen.

Reactions between ebselen and subcellular particles of rat liver were investigated by monitoring the activity of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and microsomal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Rat small intestine lactate dehydrogenase was purified and was also used in the reaction between cytosolic protein and ebselen. Glutamate dehydrogenase in intact rat liver mitochondria was completely resistant to ebselen, but the enzyme was significantly inactivated in broken mitochondria mediated by Triton X-100, reflecting the fact that ebselen was not transported through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver microsomes was inactivated by ebselen, accompanied by a slight decrease in the thiol groups of microsomal membrane protein. Purified cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase was inactivated concentration- and time-dependent by ebselen. The activity of rat small intestine lactate dehydrogenase abolished by ebselen was significantly restored by incubation with purified rat small intestine thioltransferase in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH). The level of thiol groups in rat liver microsome membrane protein decreased by ebselen was partially restored by an incubation with purified rat liver thioltransferase in the presence of GSH. The results suggested that thioltransferase can cleave the Se-S conjugates between ebselen and cytosolic proteins or microsomal membrane proteins in the presence of GSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Compliance with prescriptions and adverse drug reactions in the elderly].

We performed a survey concerning prescriptions in the elderly to investigate the influence of ageing on compliance and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. First, we surveyed 222 outpatients attending at our department (average 70.2 y.o.). The physicians in change examined the account of remaining medicines, and we analyzed the relationship between the compliance with prescriptions, age, diseases and medicines. Secondly, we surveyed 282 inpatients (average 68.0 y.o.). We compared the number of prescriptions before hospitalization, at discharge and 6 months after discharge. We also examined the frequency of adverse drug reactions. The number of medicines, which were prescribed for both in- and outpatients, increased according to age. However, no ageing effect on the number of prescriptions per disease was found. The average number of prescriptions per patient at discharge significantly increased compared to that before hospitalization. The average number of prescriptions of the elderly (above 65 y.o.) admitted at emergency case was significantly more than regularly admitted elderly (p < 0.01). The rate of proper medication taking was significantly higher in the elderly than in the young (p < 0.05). The total percentage of adverse drug reactions among inpatients was 18.8%. Among the patients aged above 60 y.o., the frequency of adverse drug reactions increased according to age. Increased number of the prescribed medicines might be involved in the cause of increased adverse drug reactions in the elderly.

Adult↗