[A study on empathy among nursing students. Discussion].
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Empathy↗
Biomedical subjects
T Mishina
Publications and source records attributed to T Mishina.
Epidemiological study of prostatic cancer by matched-pair analysis.
In 1976, we designed an original questionnaire, consisting of 111 questions, directed at the epidemiology of prostatic disease. A case-control study by matched-pair analysis was conducted on 100 controls matched for age within 1 year and for residence in the same prefecture. Patients with prostatic cancer were distinguished from the general population of men by the following characteristics: 1) belonging to middle or lower socioeconomical class, 2) marriage at a young age and a long married life, 3) precocity, 4) vigorous sexual life followed by a fall-off of sexuality in later life, and 5) Western food habits. Based on analysis of results obtained in this case-control study, a high-risk group for prostatic cancer was outlined.
Adult↗
The effects of PGE2 on vasopressin--and guanine nucleotide-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in toad bladder membrane.
PGE2 inhibited 10 m U/ml vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow of the toad bladder at 2 X 10(-8) M. PGE2 suppressed vasopressin-mediated cyclic AMP accumulation in epithelial cells and also vasopressin-mediated adenylate cyclase activity in a crude homogenate of the cells. However, PGE2 had no effect on cyclic AMP dependent and independent protein phosphorylation. These findings indicate that PGE2 inhibits vasopressin-induced water flow mainly through suppression of adenylate cyclase activity, and that the role of PGE2 at that point in the reaction leading to increased water permeability following cyclic AMP production may be slight. Under conditions in which the hormone and substrate are depleted, PGE2 and guanine nucleotides, such as GTP and Gpp(NH)p, additively bring about an increase in adenylate cyclase activity.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
[Studies on contact-micro-cystoscopy. I. Observation of the bladder epithelium with the contact-micro-colpohysteroscope].
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Animals↗
[Study on the PHN participants of FNA academic assembly].
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Humans↗
[Progress by the Congress of National Organizations of Public Health Nursing Education].
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Humans↗
[Comparison between FT-207 and 5-FU on intravesical absorption--experimental study on intravesical absorption in the dog].
FT-207 and 5-FU (1,200 mg) were administered intravesically to 5 mongrel dogs, and their concentration in the serum and bladder wall was measured. The serum concentration was high in both groups because their molecular weights are less than 200. The serum concentration of FT-207 was approximately 40 times higher than that of 5-FU. This difference may be due to the fact that non-ionized molecules in FT-207 account for more than 80% but those in 5-FU account for less than 10%.
Absorption↗
[Changes in the plasma amino acid concentration after total pancreatectomy].
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Amino Acids↗
[A bacteriological study on urinary calculi associated with infections].
There are difficult problems in the management of urinary calculi associated with infections. Stones associated with infections are not only infection stones such as struvite stones, but also other kinds of stones such as calcium oxalate. Therefore, from practical view points, bacteriological studies should be carried out on urinary calculi associated with infections as a whole. We investigated 120 cases of urinary calculi associated with infections with special reference to bacteria on the stone surface, within the stone, compositions of the stone and permeation of an antibiotic into the stone. Proteus was isolated most frequently from the urine, followed by E. coli and Pseudomonas. These bacteria were isolated from the stone surface, although the incidence of Proteus mirabilis was higher than that in the urine. Bacteria were isolated in 25 of the 33 specimens of the inside parts and in 12 of the 12 stones of MAP and MAP plus other components. Proteus mirabilis was found in 7 of the 12 stones. Bacteria were isolated from the inside of 9 of the 16 stones of CaP and CaP plus other components and Proteus mirabilis was found in 6 of these 9 cases. Pseudomonas was isolated in 2 out of the 7 stones of CaP plus CaOX and its growth was seen in 5 specimens. The incorporation of an antibiotic, Cefmetazole, into the stone differed greatly with each stone. There were some cases in which the concentration of Cefmetazole in the inside was less than 5% of that in the outside. Stones may function as a sanctuary for organisms and may protect these organisms.
Adult↗
High-risk group for benign prostatic hypertrophy.
A case control study was conducted on 100 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 100 controls matched by age and residence. Interviews were performed by well-trained urologists using an original questionnaire. Matched-pair analysis revealed the following characteristics and relative risks (RR) as being significantly (P less than 0.05) different among the BPH patients versus the controls: higher educational background (RR = 2.77); not engaged in farming, forestry, or fishing (RR = 4.82); no environmental pollution at work (RR = 2.90); a present annual income of more than 2,400,000 yen (RR = 3.84); a previous annual income of more than 2,400,000 yen (RR = 3.82); practice the highest standard of living (RR = 4.24); more than two children (RR = 2.67); experienced first nocturnal emission before reaching the age of 20 (RR = 3.11); expanding more than 10 min to complete one act of sexual intercourse (RR = 2.43); having no episode of sexual impotence that lasted more than 1 month (RR = 2.29); no family history of gastric ulcer (RR = 7.98); no family history of breast cancer (RR = 8.25); regular consumption of milk (RR = 2.25); irregular consumption of green and yellow vegetables (RR = 3.91); and pickles not consumed at every meal (RR = 1.99). Characteristics that did not achieve a high level of statistical significance (0.05 less than P less than 0.10) between cases and controls were as follows: past history of gonorrhea, urethritis, or prostatitis and syphilis (RR = 1.84, 2.76, and 4.26, respectively), and daily meat consumption (RR = 3.18). On the basis of interviews of the patients and cases reported in this study, we conclude that dietary and sexual habits may be important factors which place individuals at a higher risk for developing BPH.
Aged↗
Development and clinical application of an AFC regimen (adriamycin, futraful, cytosine arabinoside) for superficial bladder tumors.
Our AFC regimen was originally developed to treat superficial bladder tumors. It consists of a daily intravesical administration of 20 mg Adriamycin (ADM) and 200 mg Cytosine arabinoside (CA) dissolved in 20 ml of sterilized distilled water, simultaneously with a daily rectal suppository of 750 mg tegafur (Futraful) for a total of 20 applications. Our study demonstrated the following characteristics of the AFC modality: (1) It is simple; (2) it is completed in 3 weeks, which is shorter than conventional bladder instillation therapy; (3) the effective rate is reasonable (70%); (4) no local side-effects were observed because the concentrations of ADM and CA were low; (5) interruption of therapy was unnecessary, because whatever general side-effects were caused, they disappeared within several days of completion of treatment.
Adult↗
Effects of guanine nucleotides on vasopressin-induced water flow and sodium transport of the frog bladder.
In the present study, we examined the effects of guanine nucleotides on vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow and sodium transport in the 14-h preincubated frog bladder. We also examined the effects of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase system in the bladder's epithelial cells. Gpp(NH)p significantly enhanced vasopressin-induced water flow while it did not affect cyclic AMP-induced water flow. However, Gpp(NH)p did not enhance the vasopressin-induced increment of sodium transport across the frog bladder. The adenylate cyclase activity of the crude homogenate was enhanced by vasopressin, Gpp(NH)p and NaF. The effects of Gpp(NH)p and vasopressin, at their maximum doses, on the enzyme activities were additive, while other combinations were not. Specific Gpp(NH)p binding sites were found in the pellet fraction after 2,400 X g centrifugation. No direct effect on the protein kinase activity was observed in the presence of 10(-6) M nucleotides, such as GTP, GDP, GMP, CTP, UTP, ITP and Gpp(NH)p. Cyclic AMP stimulated the phosphorylation of discrete protein bands, however, Gpp(NH)p did not influence cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation of crude homogenate of the bladder's epithelial cells. These results suggest the guanine nucleotides stimulate the vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow in frog bladder by enhancing the vasopressin-mediated adenylate cyclase activity, so that accumulated cyclic AMP might activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Staging of bladder tumors by transrectal ultrasonotomography and U.I. Octoson.
The staging of bladder tumors was performed in 100 cases by transrectal ultrasonotomography and in 44 cases by U.I. Octoson. Complete agreement between histology and ultrasound was obtained in 80% of the cases by the former method and in 73% by the latter method for tumors arising from the corpus of the bladder. However, agreement was obtained in only 38% of the cases by the former method and in 59% by the latter method for tumors arising from the apex and fundus of the bladder. The possibility of improving the agreement for tumors in the apex and fundus by introducing real-time transrectal linear scanning is suggested.
Humans↗
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of guanine nucleotides on arginine-vasotocin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the epithelial cell membranes of the bullfrog bladder.
The effects of arginine-vasotocin and nucleotides on the steady-state kinetics of the adenylate cyclase activity in the epithelial cell membranes of the bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) bladder were studied. Arginine-vasotocin stimulated adenylate cyclase more effectively than oxytocin or arginine-vasopressin, with respect to both the maximal hormonal activation ratio relative to basal, and the hormone concentration yielding a half-maximal response (apparent Km). Arginine-vasotocin, GTP and its analogue guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) increased the Vmax of the basal adenylate cyclase activity, but showed no effect of the apparent Km of the system for ATP. In addition, Gpp(NH)p enhanced the arginine-vasotocin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, further increasing the Vmax, while GTP showed no statistically significant effect. Dual effects of GDP were apparent: it was stimulatory at 1 x 10(-5) mol/l and inhibitory at 1 x 10(-3) mol/l, on both the basal and the arginine-vasotocin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate, CTP, UTP and ITP showed no apparent effect on the enzyme activity. Sodium fluoride acted in the same manner as GTP on the adenylate cyclase system, increasing only basal activity. Adenylate cyclase activities exhibited pH optima that were less distinct in the presence than in the absence of Gpp(NH)p. The Arrhenius plot of the temperature experiment showed that a high-energy step was involved for activation by Gpp(NH)p or arginine-vasotocin. When the relative activation ratios by arginine-vasotocin at different ATP concentrations were studied, a distinct activation optimum was shown at 2.5 x 10(-4) mol ATP/l, either in the absence or presence of Gpp(NH)p. The possibility that GTP, GDP nd ATP play a regulatory role in the epithelial cells of the bullfrog bladder by adjusting the responsiveness of the system to a natural hormone, arginine-vasotocin, is discussed.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Synthetic cephalosporins. The synthesis and antibacterial activities of 7-[2-(2-(amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporins.
Synthesis and antibacterial activities of 7-[2-(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporins and their derivatives having the methoxyimino group at the 2-position of the 7-acyl moiety are described. These compounds are of interest as structural analogues of potent antibiotics, 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins. 7-[2-(2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins showed comparable activity with cefazolin. Introduction of methoxyimino group to the 7-side chain resulted in a lowering of activity.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Study of combination chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside in the intravesical treatment of superficial bladder tumors].
The effect of instillation therapy using CA alone or in combination with MMC, NCS or CQ was examined in 111 patients (92 males and 19 females, aged 32-87 years old with an average age of 66 years) with multiple superficial bladder tumors. The response rate of 29 patients given CA 400 mg alone was 48.3%, that of 25 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and MMC 20 mg was 84.0%, that of 28 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and NCS 4,000 U was 71.4%, that of 22 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and NCS 6,000 U was 95.5% and that of 7 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and CQ 10 mg was 100%. The response rates of the patients given any of the combination therapies were higher than that of the patients given CA alone. But because MMC, NCS and CQ were not administered singly, combination therapy cannot be concluded to be superior to single therapy. There was little difference between the response rate of primary cases and that of follow up cases. The side effects were all symptoms of local irritation, and were not indicative of systemic damage. Side effects were seen in 3.4%, 71.4%, 40.0% and 3.6% of the patients given CA alone, CA + CQ combination therapy, CA + MMC combination therapy and CA + NCS (4,000) therapy, respectively, combination therapy of CA and CQ producing the highest percentage of side effects.
Adult↗
[Clinical application of tegafur suppositories for bladder tumor].
A Tegafur suppository of 750 mg was administered daily to 20 patients with bladder tumors, whose ages ranged from 43 to 84 years (average age 63.7). Histological study revealed transitional cell papilloma in 6 cases, transitional cell carcinoma in 12 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 1 case and malignant tumor with extensive necrosis in 1 case. The result of staging and grading was as follows: 8 cases of pTa, 5 cases of pT1, 9 cases of pT2, 1 case of pT3a, 2 cases of pT3b and 1 case of T4; an, 6 cases of G0, 6 cases of G1, 5 cases of G2, 2 cases of G3 and 1 case of unknown grade. According to Saitoh and Koyama's criteria, no cases showed complete response (0%), 5 cases partial response (25%), 3 cases minor response (15%), 10 cases no change (50%) and 2 cases progressive disease, making the total effective rate 25.0%. Some side effects were observed in 6 of the cases (30%): General malaise in 4 cases (20%), loss of appetite in 3 cases (15%), diarrhea in 1 case (5%), edema in 1 case (5%), anemia in 2 cases (10%), an elevation of both GOT and GPT in 1 case (5%) and thrombocytopenia in 1 case (5%). A recovery from these side effects was achieved after discontinuing the use of Tegafur suppositories.
Adult↗
[A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in a child with urethral prolapse].
A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a child with urethral prolapse is reported. The patient was an 18-month-old girl and was admitted to our clinic with complaints of micturition pain, hematuria and tumor of the vulva. Histological examination revealed that this tumor was urethral prolapse. A grape-like tumor was demonstrated at bladder bottom by cystogram and cystoscopy. The histological pattern was embryonal type of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder. Combined chemotherapy with actinomycin D, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide has been started. A survey of Japanese literature on rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in children was done with reference to age, sex, site of tumor, symptom, histological findings, treatment and prognosis.
Female↗