Biomedical subjects

T Matsuse

Publications and source records attributed to T Matsuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

The effect of food on the interaction of ofloxacin with sucralfate in healthy volunteers.

We have studied the effect of food on the interaction of ofloxacin with sucralfate. Six healthy men took a single oral dose of ofloxacin (200 mg) on 4 occasions: alone after overnight fasting or after breakfast (non-fasting), and with sucralfate fasting or non-fasting. There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration-time profiles of ofloxacin after ofloxacin alone between fasting and non-fasting conditions. On the other hand, the peak plasma concentration and AUC of ofloxacin after co-administration with sucralfate while fasting fell by 70 and 61% compared with ofloxacin alone; the changes non-fasting were 39 and 31% respectively. The interaction of ofloxacin with sucralfate was markedly reduced by food, but still could not be disregarded.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Adenovirus pulmonary infections identified by PCR and in situ hybridisation in bone marrow transplant recipients.

AIMS: To investigate adenovirus pulmonary infections in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded lung tissue was examined from 13 necropsy cases after BMT using PCR and in situ hybridisation to detect adenovirus DNA. The E1A region of the adenoviral genome was targeted for PCR. In situ hybridisation was performed only in the PCR positive cases. RESULTS: Of the 13 lung specimens analysed, nine cases were negative for adenoviral nucleic acid. Four (30%) PCR and two (15%) in situ hybridisation positive cases were found. In some of the patients there were clinical and pathological indications that some diseases might be associated with adenovirus infection--haemorrhagic cystitis (three cases); necrotising pneumonia (one case). In necrotising pneumonia in which no pathogenic agents had been shown by conventional histological study, the in situ hybridisation technique showed positive staining for adenovirus. In a patient who died of renal failure caused by adenovirus nephritis, both PCR and in situ hybridisation were positive in the lung as well as in the kidney, although no histological change was found. Two PCR positive cases lacked positive sites for adenovirus by in situ hybridisation. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PCR and in situ hybridisation could be useful for diagnosing adenovirus infection of the lung in BMT recipients. These results provide a basis for exploring further the clinical use of PCR and in situ hybridisation to diagnose adenovirus infection.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗

PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation detection of adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene in the microglia of human brain tissue.

To investigate whether brain tissue is infected latently by adenovirus via a monocyte/microglia-mediated entry mechanism, brain tissue resected at necropsy from seven senile subjects (five with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and two subjects without pathological changes) was examined for adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene and its expression using in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical staining. HLA-DR positive, reactive microglial cells in both SDAT and normal brain tissue showed positive hybridisation and immunoreactive expression of adenovirus E1A. Thus there may be monocyte/microglia-mediated entry of adenovirus in the central nervous system which would be a novel and presumably common interaction between brain tissue and adenovirus.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1994

Mechanical interdependence in relation to age: effects of lung volume on airway resistance in rats.

Elastic recoil has been reported to decrease with increasing age in human subjects. In the current study, we hypothesized that aging influences mechanical interdependence, which affects the magnitude of agonist-induced airway constriction. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the effects of changing lung volume on airway resistance (Raw) under baseline conditions and during methacholine-induced constriction in adult (14 mo old, 624 +/- 14 g; n = 11) and aged (29 mo old, 629 +/- 9 g; n = 11) Sprague-Dawley rats. With use of alveolar capsules, Raw was directly measured under baseline conditions at different levels of end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (PL; 3-11 cmH2O). Then aerosolized methacholine was delivered (125 mg/ml), and measurements were performed at different levels of PL (3 and 11 cmH2O). From measured tracheal flow and tracheal and alveolar pressures in open-chest animals during mechanical ventilation (6 ml/kg tidal volume, 1 Hz frequency), we calculated dynamic lung elastance and resistance of lung, tissue, and airway. In the baseline conditions, we found that increasing lung volume decreased Raw similarly in both groups but that lung elastance was reduced in the aged group at PL > or = 7 cmH2O. The shape constant obtained from the pressure-volume curve in the aged rats was significantly greater than that in the adult rats. During induced constriction, higher lung volume significantly lowered Raw in the adult group, whereas Raw was not significantly reduced by increasing PL in the aged group. These observations suggest that increasing age may affect the mechanical properties of the airway and/or airway-parenchymal interdependence.

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Effect of chronic tobacco smoke exposure on the function of alveolar macrophages in mice.

We evaluated the effect of chronic tobacco smoke exposure on the function of the alveolar macrophage (AM) in mice. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production of the AM triggered by lipopolysaccharides was smaller in smoke-exposed mice as compared to control mice but did not reach statistical significance (27.3 +/- 4.0 vs. 34.8 +/- 4.9 U/ml). The percentage of AM which did not phagocytize latex particles in the smoke-exposed mice was significantly larger than that in control mice (33.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 20.8 +/- 2.1%; p < 0.05). Ia antigen expression of the AM was significantly larger in smoke-exposed mice (cytotoxicity index: 0.180 +/- 0.033 vs. 0.038 +/- 0.0118; p < 0.01). The asialo-GM1 antigen expression was similar in both groups (0.949 +/- 0.007 vs. 0.961 +/- 0.011). Although the precise mechanisms of these functional changes of the AM by tobacco smoke exposure are not clear, they may have some immunological effects on the alveolar space.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) produced in animals by repeated HCl microaspiration].

We recently reported that diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) was detected in 1% of autopsied lungs of aged cases of pneumonia. We hypothesized whether repeated HCl micro-aspiration (RHMA) is involved in DAB and established an animal model by administering HCl intratracheally to rats every two days for 2 weeks. Saline was given to control animals in the same fashion. Then, we performed bronchio-alveolar lavage (BAL) or excised lungs for histologic examination. There was no difference in BAL cell counts, TNF alpha-production, elastase-like activity or albumin levels between the HCl and control groups. Histologically, DAB-like findings were observed in the HCl-treated animals. These data suggest that RHMA might be involved in DAB, while neither TNF alpha-production nor elastase-like activity may play a significant role in inducing DAB.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The effects of aging on the function of alveolar macrophages in mice.

In order to determine whether the function of alveolar macrophages (AM) is modulated by aging, we measured the TNF-alpha production, phagocytic function, and surface antigen expression of AM from young and old mice. When AM were primed by IFN-gamma (500 units/ml) and triggered by LPS (100 micrograms/ml), TNF-alpha production by AM was significantly smaller in old mice as compared with young mice (young mice: 161.7 +/- 28.2 units/ml; old mice: 89.3 +/- 13.6 units/ml, P < 0.05). The percentage of AM which phagocytosed latex particles (more than one particle) in old mice was significantly lower than in young mice (young: 78.1 +/- 2.5%; old: 62.8 +/- 3.4%, P < 0.05). Ia antigen expression of the AM was significantly higher and asialo-GM1 antigen expression was significantly lower in old mice than in young mice (Ia: young, 0.030 +/- 0.005; old, 0.092 +/- 0.024, P < 0.05; asialo-GM1: young, 0.-9 +/- 0.01; old, 0.75 +/- 0.07, P < 0.01). These results suggest that alveolar macrophage function is at least decreased in part with aging in mice.

Aging↗

PubMed1993

Expression of follistatin, an activin-binding protein, in vascular smooth muscle cells and arteriosclerotic lesions.

Activin-A has a mitogenic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and is produced by monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Here, we studied the expression of follistatin, an activin-binding protein, in both A10 cells, a rat aortic SMC line, and vascular SMCs derived from adult rat aorta. Follistatin mRNA was detected in these cells by Northern blot analysis. Ligand blot and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that follistatin was produced in the conditioned medium at a higher level by A10 cells than by SMCs. Furthermore, immunostaining and in situ hybridization of the arteriosclerotic lesions showed that follistatin was highly expressed in the diseased artery, where abnormal proliferation of SMCs occurred. We suggest that follistatin is produced by vascular SMCs and is involved in the course of atherogenesis.

Activins↗

PubMed1993

[An aspiration pneumonia in acute airway damage model induced by HCl and/or LPS].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate chemical and pathological changes of the lung and to elucidate the role of TNF alpha and elastase in acute lung injury induced by HCl or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Anesthetized rats were injected with pH 1.4 0.7 ml/kg body weight of HCl and 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of LPS (E. coli) into the lung. Acute tracheal injury model (Mendelson Syndrome) were made. Control animals received only saline. Animals were sacrificed 1, 6, or 12 hours after the HCl or LPS or HCl and LPS injection, bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) was performed in the same way in control and experimental groups. The other animals which were treated as well were excised by histology. There was neither increase in TNF alpha-production nor increase in neutrophils resulting from HCl injection only. Elastase-like activity was not detected in animals treated only with HCl. However, 1 hour after LPS injection, the production of TNF alpha (37.0 +/- 8.0 Units/ml) was significantly greater than that of the control group (12.1 +/- 4.2 Units/ml) in BALF. Six hours after HCl and LPS injection, the concentration of elastase-like activity (0.023 +/- 0.002 nM) was significantly greater than that of the LPS group (0.011 +/- 0.001 nM). Only patches of intraalveolar hemorrhage and elevation of fibrin was observed in the HCl injected rats at 1 hour after injection. Six hours after LPS injection, the alveolar spaces were filled with large amounts of neutrophils. These findings suggest that TNF alpha and elastase play a significant role in HCl and LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation in an aged subject with severe apneas due to brain damage].

A 73-year-old male was admitted to Tokyo University Hospital due to cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular arrhythmias. Although the patient survived after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, he needed mechanical ventilation. When we tried to wean the patient from mechanical ventilation, we found that he suffered from frequent sleep apneas of over 40 times/hour. To evaluate the severity and frequency of the apneas, we performed polysomnographic study on the patient under assist ventilation. The polysomnographic study revealed that frequency of apneas was very high but the magnitude of desaturation was not so severe during the night. Since we confirmed the lowest SaO2 in this patients was over 90% during day and night, we tried to wean from the patient from the ventilator again and succeeded. The clinical application and usefulness of nocturnal ventilatory monitoring for patients with mechanical ventilation was discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Two elderly cases with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia].

We studied two cases of the elderly with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia to elucidate a prognostic role of super oxide generation in peripheral whole blood. The first case was a 70-year-old man, who presented with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia and was hospitalized. Following steroid-pulse therapy, CRP, ESR, blood-gas and his physical condition improved, resulting in successful discharge. In this case, super oxide generation standardized by the number of neutrophils (K) decreased to less than 1.0 in association with the improvement of physical condition. The second case was a 92-year-old woman in whom acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed. While the pulse therapy, CRP, LDH and blood-gas temporarily improved, K was continuously greater than 1.0 and the physical condition worsened, resulting in her death. These cases suggest that the measurement of super oxide generation in peripheral whole blood may play a useful role in assessing the prognosis of the elderly with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Inhibition of mouse alveolar macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by acute in vivo and in vitro exposure to tobacco smoke.

We investigated the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) by alveolar macrophages (AM) in mice (C57BL/6). The results obtained are as follows: (1) In vivo tobacco smoke exposure caused a significant decrease in the production of TNF alpha by AM with the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; control group: 19.32 +/- 5.52 U/ml, smoked group: 4.28 +/- 0.98 U/ml; p less than 0.05). (2) In vitro exposure of AM to tobacco smoke extracts (water-soluble extracts) also caused a decrease in the production of TNF alpha up to 93% of control with stimulation of LPS (p less than 0.05) without any decrease in cellular viability. We concluded that the production of TNF alpha by AM was impaired by smoking via direct action of the factors present in tobacco smoke.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Latent adenoviral infection in the pathogenesis of chronic airways obstruction.

Childhood infection of the respiratory tract has been proposed as an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that develops in cigarette smokers. The present study examines adult lung tissue for latent adenoviral DNA because many of its 41 serotypes cause childhood respiratory disease and the virus is known to persist in other tissues in a latent form. Lung tissue resected for solitary nodules from 20 patients with airways obstruction and 20 patients without airways obstruction, matched for age, sex, and smoking history, were compared to determine whether adenoviral DNA is more commonly found in patients with COPD. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine two widely separated segments of the adenoviral genome. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed using a probe covering the entire viral genome to determine the types of cell infected by the virus. The PCR analysis showed that a 675 base pair target sequence of the E1A region of the adenovirus was present in most of the lungs studied with greater copy numbers in the smokers with airways obstruction in both paraffin-embedded (p less than 0.002) and frozen lung tissue (p less than 0.016), whereas the E3/19K region showed no difference between the groups. When sufficient copy numbers were present to localize the DNA by ISH it was found in epithelial cells of the smokers who had airways obstruction. These data are consistent with a current model of adenoviral integration into host DNA and suggest that the E1A region of the adenovirus may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗

PubMed1992

Quantitative assessment of dyspnea during exercise before and after bullectomy for giant bulla.

Incremental exercise testing using a cycle ergometer was performed in eight patients with giant bulla before and after bullectomy to assess dyspnea. There was a significant positive linear relationship between dyspnea expressed in the Borg scale (BS) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise in all subjects. From these correlations, we introduced the following three new parameters for quantitative assessment of dyspnea: the Borg scale slope (BSS); the threshold load of dyspnea (TLD); and the breakpoint load of dyspnea (BLD), representing the slope of the regression line, onset of dyspnea on the regression line, and the maximum oxygen consumption before the subjects interrupted exercise, respectively. After surgery, the BSS showed marked decrease, and the TLD and BLD showed significant increase. Therefore, the reduction in the dyspnea with peak exercise after surgery was thought to be, at least in part, based on the delay of dyspnea onset, the decrease in dyspnea sensitivity, and the improvement in exercise capacity. The improvement in dyspnea during exercise in patients with giant bulla after surgery was extensively evaluated by newly introduced parameters based on BS-VO2 regression line.

Blister↗

PubMed1991

Capsaicin inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness but not lipoxygenase activity or eosinophilia after repeated aerosolized antigen in guinea pigs.

To evaluate the role of tachykinins in airway hyperresponsiveness following repeated aerosolized antigen challenge in guinea pigs, we treated 12 guinea pigs with capsaicin (105.6 mg cumulative dose given subcutaneously over 5 days) after sensitization to ovalbumin (OA) and before three repeated OA aerosol challenges per wk for 4 to 5 wk. Ten guinea pigs received identical OA sensitization and challenges without capsaicin treatment, and four of eight nonsensitized controls received capsaicin followed by saline challenges. Capsaicin treatment did not alter antibody responses to OA as assessed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, nor did it alter lipoxygenase products from OA-stimulated bronchial tissue in vitro. Capsaicin completely inhibited the increased pulmonary resistance (RL) to acetylcholine produced by repeated aerosolized OA, whereas it did not alter baseline RL or acetylcholine responses of controls. Capsaicin did not alter airway eosinophilia induced by repeated aerosolized OA. We conclude that neuropeptides play an important role in antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness without altering antibody levels, lipoxygenase mediator production, or airway eosinophilia.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1990

Reduction of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) in tracheal fluid by high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

The effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on tracheal secretion were compared in 6 anesthetized dogs. Using a double-balloon endotracheal catheter, 5 ml of saline was instilled into an isolated tracheal segment during HFOV and CMV for 10 min respectively. Two eicosanoids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) were measured by radioimmunoassay in each sample. HFOV (stroke volume: 6 ml/kg, f: 10 Hz, bias flow: 5 l/min) and CMV (stroke volume: 12 ml/kg, f: 15/min) were performed in random sequence and achieved comparable gas exchange. The concentration of 15-HETE in tracheal fluid during HFOV (87 +/- 67 pg/ml) was decreased to less than half of that during CMV (286 +/- 184 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), while there was no significant change of 11-dehydro-TXB2 either in tracheal fluid or in plasma. This reduction of 15-HETE was tended to be enhanced by vagotomy (HFOV: 42 +/- 14, CMV: 120 +/- 103 pg/ml) with the concentration ratio of CMV/HFOV remaining unchanged. HFOV may provide hitherto unrecognized advantage over CMV by reducing airway secretion of 15-HETE, a potent inflammatory mediator.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats.

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed1990

[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged].

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗