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Biomedical subjects

T Matsuse

Publications and source records attributed to T Matsuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Detection of human T lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis.

In Japan a number of reported cases of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) have been associated with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection. In this study the hypothesis that HTLV-I proviral DNA may be prevalent in DPB was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the region of env or the two-step PCR for the pX region of this virus. The presence of HTLV-I proviral DNA was studied in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 10 patients with DPB. The presence of proviral DNA in PBMC in 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), eight patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), four patients disease were also studied as relevant controls. The lung tissue obtained from 11 patients with DPB, 12 patients with diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) at autopsy, and the surgical lung samples obtained from 12 patients with bronchogenic cancer were also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from one DPB patient and one bronchogenic carcinoma patient were positive for the HTLV-I pX region. The presence of the pX region was also found in the lung tissue of three DPB patients (27.3%) and one DAB patient (8.3%). None of other subjects were positive for HTLV-I proviral DNA, In conclusion, HTLV-I is not the causative virus in the pathogenesis of COPD, IIP, bronchiectasis and bronchogenic carcinoma. There is a likelihood that HTLV-I infection is associated with some cases of DPB; however this association needs further verification.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1996

Effects of lung volume on airway resistance during induced constriction in papain-treated rabbits.

It has been reported that both the elasticity of the cartilage and airway-parenchymal interdependence can modify shortening of the airway smooth muscle and airway narrowing during induced constriction. We hypothesized that induced softening of the cartilage could alter airway compliance and/or the forces of mechanical interdependence, resulting in an increased degree of airway narrowing in response to a contractile stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of changing lung volume on airway resistance (Raw) under baseline conditions and during methacholine (MCh)-induced constriction in papain-treated (n = 6) and control rabbits (n = 6). With use of the alveolar capsule technique, Raw was directly measured under baseline conditions at different levels of end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (Ptp = 4-12 cmH2O). Then aerosolized MCh was delivered (0.2-25 mg/ml) and measurements were performed at different levels of Ptp (4 and 12 cmH2O). From measured tracheal flow and tracheal and alveolar pressure in open-chest animals during mechanical ventilation (tidal volume = 6 ml/kg, breathing frequency = 1 Hz), we calculated Raw by subtracting tissue resistance from lung resistance. Papain treatment significantly increased Raw both under baseline conditions and after induced constriction. We found that increasing Ptp decreased Raw before and after MCh in both groups; however, the effects of changing Ptp on Raw were less in papain-treated animals. These observations suggest that both cartilage elasticity and mechanical interdependence are important determinants of airway smooth muscle shortening. The observation that volume dependence of Raw was less in papain-treated animals is consistent with the hypothesis that papain effects significant changes in the parenchymal attachments.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1996

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mediates acid aspiration-induced lung injury.

Acid-aspiration-induced injury is one of the leading causes of adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha), and it has been shown to be required for leukocyte migration into inflamed areas. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway in a rat model of acid-aspiration-induced injury. Animals received 3.0 ml/kg HCI (0.1N; pH, 1.0) intratracheally pretreated with control monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (HCI group) or anti-ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha mAbs (Test group). In the HCI group, increases in lung resistance (RL) (229 +/- 23% baseline), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) (11.9 +/- 0.4), protein concentration (TP) (0.447 +/- 0.054 mg/ml), and the number of neutrophils (PMN) (159.0 +/- 19.4 x 10(4)) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed. In the Test group, HCI-induced injury was significantly reduced (RL, 122 +/- 7% baseline; W/D, 7.2 +/- 0.1; TP, 0.277 +/- 0.016 mg/ml; PMN, 8.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(4)). The administration of mAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha after HCI instillation partially attenuated HCI-induced responses. These observations suggest that the ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by acid aspiration.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in hyperpnea-induced constriction in guinea pigs.

It has been reported that hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs is a potential model for exercise-induced asthma in humans. We hypothesized that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) could modulate leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced responses and be involved in the pathophysiology in this asthma model. We measured tracheal (Ptr) and alveolar pressure (PA) using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated (f = 1 Hz, VT = 9 ml/kg, PEEP = 4 cm H2O) guinea pigs. Animals were intravenously pretreated with saline (SAL), CGRP(8-37) (CGRP receptor antagonist), CGRP, MK-571 (LTD4 receptor antagonist), MK-886 (5-lipoxygenase inhibitor), or CGRP(8-37) + MK-571, and then underwent dry gas hyperpnea challenge (HC, 95% 02-5% CO2, 150 breaths/min, 7 min). We calculated resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw). HC increased RL, Rti, and Raw in SAL controls (322 +/- 27, 430 +/- 59, 299 +/- 23% baseline, respectively). MK-571, MK-886, and CGRP significantly reduced the responses to HC, while CGRP(8-37) enhanced HC-induced responses. Pretreatment with CGRP(8-37) and MK-571 in combination attenuated HC-induced constriction. In addition, pretreatment with CGRP reduced responses induced by intravenous administration of LTD4. These observations suggest that CGRP might be involved in the pathophysiology of hyperpnea-induced constriction in guinea pigs via modulation of LTD4-elicited responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Importance of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis caused by chronic occult aspiration in the elderly.

Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) is a new term that we proposed to define a clinical entity that is characterized by a chronic inflammation of bronchioles caused by recurrent aspiration of foreign particles. In the present study, a total of 4,880 consecutive autopsies were reviewed and we found 31 patients with DAB (0.64%). To investigate the clinicopathologic features of DAB, the 23 patients with DAB (age, 81.2 +/- 6.2 years [mean +/- SD]), from whom clinical information was available, had their features compared to those of 40 randomly selected patients with aspiration pneumonia (age, 81.9 +/- 8.3 years [mean +/- SD]). Oropharyngeal dysphagia was observed in half of the patients with DAB, and two thirds of patients with DAB were bedridden. The onset of DAB was more insidious than aspiration pneumonia, and in half of the patients with DAB episodes of aspiration were unrecognized. Neurologic disorders (52.2%) and dementia (47.8%) were common associated diseases. Most patients with DAB showed signs of bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and dyspnea. The macroscopic appearance of the cut surface of DAB lung showed diffusely scattered miliary yellowish nodules that resembled those of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). Histologic findings of DAB were characterized by localization of chronic mural inflammation with foreign body reaction in bronchioles. Recurrence of small amounts of aspiration might play a role in the pathogenesis of DAB. In view of possible therapeutic intervention, we emphasized the importance of recognizing this entity and differentiating DAB from pulmonary diseases associated with bronchospasm in the elderly, in particular, late-onset asthma and DPB.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Long-term effects of inhaled anticholinergic drug on lung function, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

To investigate the long-term effects of the inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator, oxitropium bromide (OTB), on lung function, exercise capacity, and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), spirometry and symptom-limited exercise testing before and 1, 6, and 12 months after the regular use of OTB (600 micrograms/day) were performed in 12 patients with the use of OTB (mean age 69.9 +/- 3.1 years; FEV1/FVC 53.3 +/- 1.6%) as well as in 12 control patients who were not treated with OTB (Mean age 68.8 +/- 2.8 years; FEV1/FVC 52.6 +/- 1.9%). The dyspnea was evaluated by the slope of the regression line between Borg scale and oxygen uptake (Vo2) during exercise (Borg scale slope: BSS). At 1, 6, and 12 months after the start of OTB, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the exercise capacity (maximal Vo2) were greater than the pretreatment values and the dyspnea index (BSS) was significantly improved compared with the pretreatment value, while these parameters slightly worsened in the control patients over one year. In conclusion, the chronic use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator may provide beneficial improvements in expiratory flow rate, exercise performance, and dyspnea in mild to moderate COPD patients over one year.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[University education in geriatrics: medical students' understandings of gerontology and geriatric medicine].

With the rapid aging of Japan's population, medical professionals who specialize in geriatric medicine are in unprecedented demand. To meet that demand and to improve the curriculum for teaching geriatric medicine and gerontology in Japan, we surveyed medical students' understandings of these specialties. Students at 14 schools with classes in geriatric medicine and gerontology were surveyed. A questionnaire was sent to sixth-year medical students after their classes had ended. Questionnaires were collected from 849 students (60.1%) at ten medical schools (74.1%). One quarter (24.5%) of the students were satisfied with the contents of the classes in geriatric medicine and gerontology taught in their school, whereas 39.4% were not. These specialties encompass many fields of clinical and basic medicine, and many students found the lectures difficult to understand (41.4%). Inter-school comparisons of the results showed that students' strengths and weaknesses in the various areas of geriatric medicine reflected differences in the contents of the classes among the schools. Only 35.4% of students had ever visited hospitals or other health-related facilities for the elderly. Many students (58.8%) had never lived with elderly people. Most students (63.9%) wanted visits to health-care facilities for the elderly to be included in their regular curriculum. Medical students are conscious of the medical implications of the ageing of Japan's population; 13.2% had volunteered to work with the elderly.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

[University education in geriatrics: medical student's opinions on gerontology and geriatric medicine].

With the aging of Japan's population, physicians need to be aware of advances in geriatric medicine. To assess the status of geriatric medicine in undergraduate education, we surveyed of medical student's opinions on gerontology and geriatric medicine. A questionnaire was sent to six-year medical students at a total of 20 schools that did not include geriatric medicine in their curriculum. Responses were obtained from 950 students (47.6%) at 16 schools (80%). Almost half of the students (42%) had experiences in health care facilities for the elderly. Ten percent were content with their education in geriatric medicine education and 59% were not. A total of 41.4% felt that geriatric medicine is difficult because it involves many different subjects. Some students had experience as volunteers working with elderly people; they were aware of the aging of Japan's population, and felt that their training in basic geriatrics and in geriatric diseases was insufficient. A total of 56% agreed that all medical schools should have classes in geriatric medicine and 14% did not. Medical students in the schools without classes in geriatric medicine identified dementia (73%), cerebral vascular accidents (51%), cancer (24%) and osteoporosis (19%) as common in elderly people, with no differences between schools. The corresponding data for medical students in schools with classes in geriatric medicine were dementia (77%), cerebral vascular accidents (44%), osteoporosis (29%), and cancer (16%). Undergraduate medical students seem to be exposed to widely differing curricula with regard to geriatric medicine. We found a lack of uniformity in the teaching of gerontology and geriatric medicine to undergraduate medical students in Japan.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1996

[Undergraduate teaching of geriatric medicine in western countries--literature review].

To help plan for the future of undergraduate education in geriatric medicine in Japan, we reviewed the literature concerning undergraduate teaching of geriatric medicine in western countries. Undergraduate teaching in geriatric medicine in the UK is well developed: 22 of 25 universities have a full department of geriatric medicine. Training in geriatric medicine is mandatory in almost all universities. In contrast, geriatric medicine is an elective in most universities in the US. There is a shortage of geriatric medicine faculty in the US, which is similar to the situation in Japan. Clinical and basic research in geriatric medicine and gerontology should be encouraged to attract persons into this field.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1996

Expression of immunoreactive activin A protein in remodeling lesions associated with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

The expression of activin A, one of the transforming growth factor-beta supergene family, was studied in various pulmonary conditions associated with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (3 cases with diffuse alveolar damage, 6 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and 1 case with pulmonary fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis) using immunohistochemical techniques on paraffin-embedded sections. Controls consisted of 10 cases with normal pulmonary parenchyma, and 2 cases with primary pulmonary hypertension and 1 case with secondary pulmonary hypertension were also studied. The lung specimens from normal parenchyma weakly expressed immunoreactive activin A on the bronchiolar epithelium. In marked contrast, all of the specimens from cases with diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis demonstrated strong expression of activin A on metaplastic epithelium, hyperplastic smooth muscle cells, desquamated cells, and alveolar macrophages. Pulmonary arteries from patients with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension showed abundant immunoreactive activin A on smooth muscle cells. These findings suggest a potential role for this growth factor, activin A, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tissue remodeling associated with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Activins↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of ventilation components in young and elderly men during exercise.

To elucidate the influence of age on ventilation components during exercise, we investigated the change in fractional contribution of abdomen or thorax during exercise in 12 elderly (71.9 +/- 5.3, mean +/- SD years) and 12 young (25.0 +/- 4.9 years) normal male subjects using respiratory-inductive plethysmography. At rest, abdominal/thoracic contribution was not different between elderly and young. During exercise, abdominal contribution to total ventilation was decreased in the young compared to that at rest (rest: 53.6 +/- 2.9% vs exercise: 50.4 +/- 1.9-48.9 +/- 1.8%; p < .01), but significantly increased in the elderly (rest: 53.9 +/- 1.8% vs exercise: 57.3 +/- 1.7-59.8 +/- 2.0%; p < .01). Only in the elderly, respiratory frequency was increased during exercise compared to that at rest (rest: 20.1 +/- 0.8 [/min] vs exercise; 25.6 +/- 1.5-27.8 +/- 1.6 [/min]; p < .05). The breathing pattern in the elderly during exercise was partly simulated in the young by reducing thoracic compliance using chest strapping. This study demonstrates the greater participation of diaphragmatic motion together with rapid shallow breathing during lower graded exercise in the elderly as compared with the young. This ventilatory pattern during exercise may result from a stiffening of the thorax with advancing age.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

In vivo effects of endothelin A- and B-receptor antagonists in guinea pigs.

Endothelin (ET)-1, a novel 21-amino acid constrictor peptide, has been recently reported to have a potential pathophysiological role in asthma. We hypothesized that ET-1 might affect guinea pig lung via different ET receptor subtypes, i.e., ETA and ETB, in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of ET-1 on airways in anesthetized, open-chest, mechanically ventilated [frequency (f) = 1 Hz; tidal volume (VT) = 9 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 4 cmH2O] guinea pigs in the absence or the presence of ETA and ETB selective antagonists, i.e., BQ-123 and BQ-788, respectively. We affixed alveolar capsules to the lungs to measure alveolar pressure and calculated the elastance of lung (EL) and the resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (R(aw)) under control conditions and after intravenous administration of ET-1 (10(-8) mol/kg). ET-1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in RL, Rti, R(aw), and EL.BQ-123 (2 mg/kg) partially blocks delta RL and delta R(aw) during ET-1 induced constriction, while delta Rti and delta EL were not significantly affected. BQ-788 (2 mg/kg) significantly inhibited delta RL, delta Rti, delta R(aw), and delta EL during ET-1-induced constriction. The combination of BQ-123 and BQ-788 completely ablated the response to ET-1. These data suggest that both ET receptor subtypes, i.e., ETA and ETB, may have physiological roles in guinea pig airways in response to ET-1, a potential mediator of asthma.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1995

Antagonism of ICAM-1 attenuates airway and tissue responses to antigen in sensitized rats.

Airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 alpha (LFA-1 alpha) and has been shown to be required for leukocyte migration into inflamed area. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway in a rat model of extrinsic asthma using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We chose to study ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized Brown-Norway rats, an animal model in which there is a high prevalence of both early (ER) and late responses (LR) after antigen challenge. We measured tracheal and alveolar pressure using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated animals to calculate resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw). In the OA group, both ER (RL, Rti, Raw = 263 +/- 16, 235 +/- 10, 309 +/- 38% baseline) and LR (RL, Rti, Raw = 265 +/- 26, 238 +/- 13, 316 +/- 55% baseline) were observed. The administration of mAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha significantly attenuated the ER (RL, Rti, Raw = 146 +/- 9, 141 +/- 11, 156 +/- 8% baseline) and LR (RL, Rti, Raw = 128 +/- 8, 124 +/- 5, 137 +/- 1% baseline), indicating that both airway and lung tissues were involved in this mechanism. The current observations suggest that ICAM-1/LFA-1 alpha pathway is involved in both the early and late responses in a rat model of allergic asthma. The antagonism of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha may provide a potential therapeutic approach to the early and late responses of bronchial asthma.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1995

Expression of immunoreactive and bioactive activin A protein in adult murine lung after bleomycin treatment.

Activin A is a homodimeric protein structurally and functionally related to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and the expression of activin A is modulated by TGF-beta. Here, we demonstrate the expression of activin A in normal and bleomycin (BLM)-treated murine lungs. ICR mice were treated with BLM intraperitoneally for 10 days, whereas saline vehicle was injected into control mice. Intra-alveolar fibrotic changes were observed in the lung tissue obtained from the mice at day 14 after the final BLM administration. Immunohistochemical studies using a polyclonal antibody to activin A revealed the presence of activin A in the bronchiolar epithelium and smooth muscle cells of veins in both control and BLM-treated mice. In the BLM-treated mice at days 7 and 14, the marked infiltration of immunoreactive alveolar macrophages was observed in the area of fibrotic changes. Bioactivity of activin A measured by erythroid differentiation factor assay in the conditioned medium of alveolar macrophages obtained from BLM-treated mice at day 14 was significantly increased. These findings indicate that alveolar macrophages are a potent source of activin A after BLM treatment. The present study demonstrates for the first time the abundant expression of activin A in murine lung tissues after BLM administration, suggesting that activin A may play a role in the pathogenesis of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Activins↗
PubMed1995

Effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function in each phenotype M of alpha-1-protease inhibitor.

Human alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-Pi) has been known to be a highly polymorphic protein. We hypothesized that antiprotease activity of each phenotype M of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (PiM) might be different among smokers and that a variation of decrease in pulmonary function for a given amount of cigarette smoking might be associated with PiM phenotypes. To test this, we investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function in each PiM phenotype. The serum level of alpha 1-Pi was measured by the turbidimetric immunoassay and the distribution of PiM phenotypes was determined using isoelectric focusing technique in 247 healthy subjects and 20 COPD patients. Serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin of healthy and COPD subjects were 205.1 +/- 31.1 and 179.2 +/- 44.4 (+/- SD) mg/dL, respectively (p > 0.01). The frequency of each PiM phenotype in healthy subjects was shown as follows: M1, 0.555; M1M2, 0.328; M2, 0.041; M1M3, 0.057; M2M3, 0.016; M3, 0.004. The difference in the distribution of PiM phenotypes between healthy and COPD subjects was not significant. Single- and multiple-regression analyses showed that the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC), in which FEV1 is expressed as percentage of FVC, the maximum flow rate at 50% of FVC divided by measured body height (V50/Ht), and the maximum flow rate at 25% of FVC divided by body height (V25/Ht) were closely related to age and that V25/Ht also was related to smoking index. However, PiM phenotype was unrelated to those pulmonary function variables. We conclude that PiM phenotype is not a major determinant of difference in magnitude of pulmonary impairments caused by cigarette smoking in each individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (PIE) syndrome associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH) in the elderly patient].

A 76-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough, fever and anorexia in January 1995. She had suffered from bronchial asthma for 25 years. From 1983, exacerbation of PIE was recorded three times, on which occasions prednisolone and antibiotics were quite effective. On admission, marked leukocytosis (28,000/microliters) and eosinophilia (18,000/microliters) were found. However, plasma IgE level was normal, and specific antigen for eosinophilia was not detected by RAST or the skin allergic reaction test. Chest X-ray film and CT scan revealed extensive bilateral pulmonary infiltration. Increase in eosinophils (33%) was demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, biopsy specimen of the affected lung revealed diffuse infiltration of eosinophils into alveolar septa. On the basis of these findings, the patient was diagnosed as chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (PIE syndrome). Hyponatremia (117 mEq/l) was persistent after the hydration with normal saline. Plasma ADH was not suppressed (2.29 pg/ml) in spite of hypoosmolality of plasma. Laboratory examination showed that renal, adrenal and thyroid function as well as plasma renin activity were normal. Taking these findings together, she was diagnosed as having SIADH. Treatment with prednisolone improved not only the PIE syndrome but also SIADH.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Nocturnal pulmonary hypertension in an elderly patient with sleep apnea syndrome].

We report a case of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) with nocturnal pulmonary hypertension (NPH) in a 71-year-old man suffering from dyspnea during sleep. Severe snoring at night and daytime sleepiness were noticed before admission by his wife. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD) was documented with a pulse oximeter and severe sleep apnea syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of results of respiratory inductive plethysmography, an apnea index (AI) > 20, minimum SpO2 56%. NPH was diagnosed by Swan-Ganz catheter. The levels of NPH were severe. Elevation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) above 40 mmHg was observed 137 episodes at night. Both NPH and NOD were improved by 1 L/min of nasal oxygen therapy. A number of episodes of systolic PAP above 40 mmHg with oxygen therapy was 55 episodes. Peak mean PAP was 36 mmHg in room air vs 33 mmHg in oxygen therapy. Minimum SpO2 with oxygen therapy was improved to 69%. Total time of SpO2 < 90% at night was 153 minutes in room air vs 37 minutes in oxygen therapy. In this case, NPH and NOD due to severe SAS were remarkably improved by oxygen therapy.

Aged↗