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Biomedical subjects

T Masuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Masuda.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Nuclear morphometry of cancer cells in stage III breast cancer with special reference to prognosis].

The nuclear area (NA) and nuclear form factor (NFF) (NFF = 4.pi.NA/P2. Na, nuclear area; P, perimeter) have been measured in fifteen stage III patients with an invasive ductal breast cancer, using an image analyzer (IBAS-2000, Zeiss). The NA has been revealed as being 41.8 +/- 8.82 micrograms2 (mean +/- S.D.) in five-year survivors (n = 8), and 59.4 +/- 12.9 micrograms2 in non-survivors (n = 7). The NFF was found to be 0.74 +/- 0.038 in those who survived, and 0.69 +/- 0.028 in non-survivors. The NA was significantly lager (p less than 0.01) and the NFF significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the non-survivors than in the survivors. NA and NFF are considered to be helpful in determining the prognosis of breast cancer patients in stage III.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Desmoplastic fibroma of the axis. A case report.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the bone appears in a wide variety of bones but rarely involves the spine. A 24-year-old male with desmoplastic fibroma of the axis treated by complete resection and posterior spinal fusion is reported. There was no recurrence of the tumor three years after surgery. Complete resection and reconstructive surgery for spinal instability are recommended for this benign spinal tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cardiac sympathetic afferent input onto neurons in nucleus ventralis posterolateralis in cat thalamus.

Neurons receiving cardiac sympathetic afferent input were studied in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) of the cat thalamus. Animals were anesthetized with urethan-chloralose. Units in the VPL were classified into 3 classes; low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM), nociceptive specific (NS) and wide dynamic range (WDR) units. Units driven by electrical stimulation of the left inferior cardiac nerve (ICN) were not included in the population of LTM units, but 43.5% of NS units and 68.8% of WDR units were excited by this stimulation. Units exclusively responsive to cardiac sympathetic afferents were not found. Both NS and WDR units were located in the shell region of the caudal VPL. NS units responsive to cardiac sympathetic afferents had a circumscribed cutaneous receptive field in the area corresponding to tactile dermatomes C5-T13. WDR units receiving cardiac sympathetic afferent input had at least a part of their receptive fields in the same area. These results suggest that the shell region of the caudal VPL constitutes a thalamic link in a cardiac pain pathway, and that cardiac and cutaneous pain systems share a common projection locus in the VPL.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1987

Presence of the atrial natriuretic peptide in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Using a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the presence of alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was confirmed. Its concentration in CSF, 3.6 +/- 2.3 pg/ml, n = 16, mean +/- SD, was remarkably lower than that in the plasma (161.8 +/- 157.4, p less than 0.0001). The regression coefficient between these concentrations was 0.320 (p = ns). Gel permeation chromatography conducted in conjunction with RIA indicated ANP in CSF to be eluted at the position of a low molecular weight form corresponding to alpha-hANP. No high molecular weight form could be detected. But in the plasma, both low and high molecular forms were found to be present. It is thus evident that ANP is present in human CSF and its origin may possibly be the brain and not the atrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chondroblastoma arising in the triradiate cartilage. Report of two cases with review of the literature.

Chondroblastoma is a relatively rare benign bone tumor of cartilage origin. Roentgenologically it presents usually as a region of lytic destruction of bone with a thin sclerotic rim in the epiphysis of long tubular bone. Less than 9% occur in the pelvic bones but show a tendency to arise from the triradiate cartilage. We present two cases of chondroblastoma originating in the triradiate cartilage, each showing extensive lytic bony destruction and an intrapelvic soft tissue mass. A review of the literature suggests that chondroblastoma of the triradiate cartilage shows an aggressive radiological appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Potent effects of the monoclonal antibody-mitomycin C conjugate on human colon cancers.

The effects of the monoclonal antibody-mitomycin C conjugate against human colon cancers were studied, in vitro and in vivo. Mitomycin C (MMC) was conjugated with the human colon cancer-specific monoclonal antibody, using a cyanogen bromide method. The effect of the conjugate and free MMC, in vitro, was measured by incubation with human colon cancer SW1116 cells. The MMC concentration of the conjugate and of free MMC needed for 50 per cent killing of target cells was 0.11 microgram/ml and 7.00 micrograms/ml, respectively. The effect of the conjugate and of free MMC, in vivo, was assayed by the growth inhibition of human colon cancer xenografted in nude mice, after intraperitoneal injections of 30 micrograms MMC/kg. Antitumor effects of the conjugate against the cancer in nude mice were significantly more potent than that of free MMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction caused by acquired visceral neuropathy localised in the left colon: report of two cases.

Two cases of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) are reported. One is a 51-year-old man, and the other is a 47-year-old woman. Both patients presented with severe constipation and barium enema showed a marked dilation of the right colon, and a narrowing in the left colon. Studies done on the motility of the colon and anorectum revealed normal resting pressure profiles of the anorectom, a normal recto-anal reflex, and a normal resting tone of the collapsed colon. Administration of methacholine chloride, however, provoked large, non-propulsive movements in the collapsed colon, which were inhibited by the administration of atropin sulfate. Histologic examination disclosed a marked decrease in neurons and an increase of Schwann cells in the myenteric plexus of the collapsed colon. CIIP due to acquired visceral neuropathy localised in the left colon, was diagnosed as a result of manometric and histologic findings. One case was cured surgically, by a left hemi-colectomy, and the other was cured medically using choline antagonists and laxatives.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Skeletal muscles from which the propagation of motor unit action potentials is detectable with a surface electrode array.

Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) propagate bidirectionally along the muscle fibers. Whether or not the propagation of MUAPs can be detected with surface electrodes depends on the configuration of muscle fibers and innervation zones. The authors clarified the muscles from which the propagation of MUAPs is detectable with a surface electrode array placed along the muscle fibers. Twenty-six typical muscles in the arm, leg, trunk, neck and face were investigated under voluntary contraction, and in 19 muscles the propagation of MUAPs was detected. In these muscles the source of the bidirectional propagation marked the position of innervation zones. In the other 7 muscles, the propagation of MUAPs was not detected or was detected only under weak contraction.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Changes of the average muscle fiber conduction velocity during a varying force contraction.

The average conduction velocity of muscle fibers measured with a surface electrode has been reported to increase with the level of contraction force. To clarify the factors causing this increase, the authors decomposed the interference surface EMG signal into its constituent motor unit action potentials and compared the average conduction velocity with the conduction velocity measured at the individual discharges of motor units. The conduction velocity within individual motor units increased with the contraction force and contributed to the increase of the average conduction velocity. However, the increase of the conduction velocity within motor units was relatively small and was insufficient to cause the increase of the average conduction velocity. This result indicates that the motor units recruited at higher thresholds of force should have higher conduction velocities.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

In vitro evidence that bone formation may be coupled to resorption by release of mitogen(s) from resorbing bone.

Bone-derived proteins have been shown to stimulate the proliferation of bone-forming cells and to increase the rate of embryonic bone formation in vitro. The current studies were intended to determine the tissue distribution of bone cell-active mitogen(s) in the embryonic chick, to determine the cellular origin and the target cell specificity of the bone cell-active mitogen(s) in embryonic chick bone, to determine whether the release of mitogenic activity from embryonic chick tibiae was proportional to bone resorption, and to compare mitogenic activities prepared from different skeletal sources, with respect to Mr, chemical stability, and mitogen activity kinetics. A bone cell-active mitogen(s) was identified in extracts of bone and cartilage but not in extracts of muscle, liver, intestine, or brain. (Mitogenic activity was determined as increased incorporation of 3[H]-thymidine into DNA in serum-free, calvarial cell cultures.) Together, the following three observations indicate an osteoblastic origin for the bone cell-active mitogen(s) in chick bone. First, the mitogen content of embryonic chick tibiae increased 4.5-fold, during eight days of serum-free in vitro growth (P less than .005). Second, conditioned medium (CM) from serum-free monolayer cultures of calvarial cells contained bone cell-active mitogen(s), but CM from parallel cultures of skin, liver, and intestinal cells did not. And, finally, the amount of bone cell-active mitogen(s) in calvarial cell CM was correlated with the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity per cell, ie, an index of osteoblastic differentiation (r = .92, P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

omega-Hydroxyemodin, a major hepatic metabolite of emodin in various animals and its mutagenic activity.

The hepatic microsomes derived from various animal species transformed emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), an anthraquinoid pigment present in fungal metabolites and a constituent of plant medicines, into an unidentified anthraquinone h, along with 2-hydroxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxyemodins. TLC, UV, MS and NMR clarified this unidentified major metabolite as omega-hydroxy-emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethylanthraquinone). Among 7 animal species, the highest activity to produce this omega-hydroxyemodin was observed in the hepatic microsomes of guinea pig and rat, followed by mouse and rabbit. The microsomal activity to convert emodin into omega-hydroxyemodin was accelerated by the pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital, and inhibited by SKF 525A. The microsomal hydroxylation reactions of the methyl residue and the anthraquinoid nucleus of emodin were presumed to be catalyzed regiospecifically by multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. omega-Hydroxyemodin was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the absence of S9, but exhibited mutagenicity in the presence of an activating system. This genotoxic potential was comparable to 2-hydroxyemodin, a direct-acting mutagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Selective deficiency in IL-2 production and refractoriness to extrinsic IL-2 in immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM.

Various lymphokines are inducible by the stimulation of T-cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin, and concanavalin A. A 32-year-old female with an atypical type of immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM was evaluated for possible defects in the production of several immunoregulatory lymphokines. Although the mitogens appeared to bind effectively to the specific surface receptors of patient peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL), the proliferative responses were significantly decreased. The culture supernatant of patient PBL stimulated by the mitogens contained only a trace amount of interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. Addition of recombinant IL-2 to the cultures concomitantly with the mitogens could not restore the decreased responses of patient PBL. Tac antigen expression of patient PBL induced by the mitogens was moderately impaired. These data suggest that there is a defect in both IL-2-producing and IL-2-responding cells. In contrast, the culture supernatant of mitogen-stimulated patient PBL contained B-cell growth and differentiation factors as well as interferon-gamma activities equal to those of the control. These results suggest that there are independent regulatory pathways for the production of IL-2 and other T-cell-derived lymphokines.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Congenital 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: a clinicopathologic study.

The histopathologic features of the adrenal glands in three cases of congenital 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency are described in relation to clinical and endocrine findings. Diffuse or nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia, particularly in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis, was observed in all cases examined. The hyperplastic adrenal cortices were composed of cells with morphologic features of hypercorticism and hyperstimulation. Myelolipomatous lesions were detected in two cases. These morphologic findings were consistent with excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in this disorder. In all the cases examined, the plasma aldosterone concentration was within normal limits, and plasma renin activity was suppressed prior to dexamethasone treatment. Morphologically, however, hyperplasia of the cells with abundant mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum seemed to involve the zona glomerulosa. Nonencapsulated nests of hypertrophied cortical cells in periadrenal tissue were remarkable in one case. From these morphologic findings, we postulated hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa as well as involvement of corticosteroids from the zona glomerulosa in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Affinity purification and characterization of serine hydroxymethyltransferases from rat liver.

A rapid and simple method was developed for the purification of serine hydroxymethyltransferases [EC 2.1.2.1]. The procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and affinity chromatography on an L-adsorbent. Through this procedure the cytosolic enzyme (s-SHMT) was purified 1,650-fold, and the mitochondrial enzyme (m-SHMT) 1,730-fold, with a yield of more than 30% in both cases. Both preparations gave a single band with a Mr of 54,000 on SDS-PAGE. The native enzymes both contained 4 mol of pyridoxal phosphate/mol of enzyme, and showed a Mr value of 220,000 on gel filtration, indicating a tetrameric structure. Several other properties of the enzymes were also studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Stimulatory effect of prostaglandin E2 on the configuration of normal human melanocytes in vitro.

Normal human epidermal melanocytes became swollen and more dendritic when they were cultured for 6 days with prostaglandin (PG) E2, but not with PGE1, although the amount of immunoreactive tyrosinase in the melanocytes did not appear to be increased markedly after these treatments. From these data we suggest that PGE2 may be one of the factors responsible for the induction of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1987

Light and electron microscopic observation on the process of tissue calcification in a case of parathyroid adenoma.

Metastatic calcification in various organs in an autopsy case of parathyroid adenoma was studied by light and electron microscopy. Calcification was observed in kidney, lung, liver, heart, stomach, and thyroid. In the kidney, calcification was found in the tubules and glomeruli. In the liver, calcification was mainly found in Disse's space. The kidney, lung, liver, and heart were examined by electron microscopy. Four forms of early calcification were observed: 1) amorphous dense bodies within the mitochondria; 2) needle-shaped hydroxyapatite; 3) concentric laminated structure; and 4) cytoplasmic vesicles originating in hepatocytes. Calcium phosphate precipitates within the mitochondria were seen as amorphous dense bodies. When calcium phosphate precipitated in the cytoplasmic colloid gel, concentric laminated structures were formed due to Liesegang's phenomenon. Needle-shaped crystals in the amorphous dense bodies of the mitochondria were interpreted as a phenomenon of epitaxy. Calcification in Disse's space was thought to start in cytoplasmic vesicles which were derived from hepatocytes.

Adenoma↗