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Biomedical subjects

T Maruo

Publications and source records attributed to T Maruo.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of insulin on porcine granulosa cells: implications of a possible receptor mediated action.

The mechanism of direct action of insulin on porcine granulosa cells cultured in vitro was investigated. Specific receptors for insulin with two classes of binding sites were present. No significant difference in receptor characteristics was observed between granulosa cells obtained from small (1-2 mm), medium (3-5 mm) or large (6-11 mm) follicles. Insulin (25 mIU/ml) augmented both basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone secretion. Insulin was also essential for hCG-stimulated morphological luteinization of cultured porcine granulosa cells obtained from small follicles. Furthermore, 2 h pre-incubation with insulin (100 mIU/ml) increased glucose incorporation by cultured porcine granulosa cells as determined by pulsing with D-[14C](U)-glucose. The same dose of insulin also stimulated the glucose-6-phosphate independent form of glycogen synthase. These results suggest that porcine granulosa cells possess insulin receptors and that insulin, mediated by its specific receptors, enhances glucose metabolism by stimulating glycogen synthase. Thus, insulin may play a pivotal role in morphological and functional differentiation of porcine granulosa cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on uterine cervical ripening in late pregnancy.

In order to elucidate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) on softening and dilatation of the uterine cervix, changes of oestriol, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone levels in serum and cervix, Bishop score and collagenase activity in the cervical tissue were assessed in pregnant women before and after treatment with DHAS. 17 beta-oestradiol level in the serum and cervical tissue markedly increased after the administration of DHAS, while oestriol level remained unchanged. Serum progesterone level did not change in the majority of cases, while it decreased within several hours in patients in whom delivery was accomplished within 24 hours after the administration of DHAS. Among the factors connected with the Bishop score, effacement and consistency of the cervix were remarkably improved by DHAS administration. Total collagenase activity in the cervical tissue of patients treated with DHAS was elevated by an average of 152%. These results suggest that DHAS is potent in ripening the uterine cervix through an activation of collagenase activity induced by the enhanced conversion to 17 beta-oestradiol. Thus, DHAS administration in the late stage of pregnancy is valuable in prepartal treatment for induction of labour.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical study of ceftizoxime suppositories in acute suppurative otitis media in children and tissue concentration of ceftizoxime in the palatine tonsil after administration of ceftizoxime suppositories].

The newly developed ceftizoxime rectal suppository (CZX-S) contains 125 mg or 250 mg ceftizoxime (CZX) in potency. From the laboratory and clinical studies on CZX-S, the following results were obtained. Concentration of CZX in serum and palatine tonsil when 250 mg of CZX-S was rectally administered reached the peak level rapidly. The serum levels were 9.39 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 6.00 micrograms/ml in 45 minutes, 4.55 micrograms/ml in 60 minutes, 3.87 micrograms/ml in 90 minutes and 2.65 micrograms/ml in 120 minutes. The palatine tonsil levels were 2.73 micrograms/g in 30 minutes, 1.83 micrograms/g in 45 minutes, 1.54 micrograms/g in 60 minutes, 0.99 micrograms/g in 90 minutes and 0.74 micrograms/g in 120 minutes. About 30% of serum concentrations were distributed into palatine tonsil. CZX-S was administered at a daily dose of 375 mg or 750 mg divided 3 times for 4 approximately 9 days in 19 cases of acute suppurative otitis media of children. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 3 cases. The effectiveness rate was 73.7%. No side effects were observed in any cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of foetal growth retardation caused by smoking during pregnancy.

In order to clarify the mechanism of retarded foetal growth in smoking pregnant women, foeto-placental function and maternal nutritional condition were assessed. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) loading test, measurement of cotinine which is a major metabolite of nicotine and pathohistological examination of placental villi were also made to know the effect of smoking on utero-placental circulation. In heavy smokers, urinary oestriol and serum hPL levels were lower than those in non-smokers while the maternal nutritional condition was not different from that in non-smokers. In the DHAS loading test, heavy smokers showed lower conversion of DHAS to oestradiol. In the non-stress test (NST), bradycardia and/or loss of variability of baseline foetal heart rate were noted after smoking. Levels of cotinine in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood in heavy smokers were markedly higher than those in non-smokers. Microscopic examination showed atrophic and hypovascular changes of placental villi obtained from smoking mothers. These results suggest that the retarded fetal growth in heavy smokers is due to the impairment of utero-placental circulation as a result of the vasoconstricting effect of nicotine.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1984

Effects of smoking on fetoplacental-maternal system during pregnancy.

Fetoplacental function and maternal nutritional condition were assessed in order to clarify the mechanism of retarded fetal growth in pregnant women who smoked. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) loading tests and measurements of cotinine, which is a major metabolite of nicotine, were also made. In heavy smokers, urinary estriol and serum levels of human placental lactogen (hPL) were lower than those in nonsmokers. There was no difference in maternal nutrition between smokers and nonsmokers. Heavy smokers demonstrated a lower conversion of DHA-S to estradiol than did nonsmokers. Levels of cotinine in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of heavy smokers were remarkably higher than those in nonsmokers. Microscopic examination showed atrophic and hypovascular changes in placental villi from mothers who smoked. These results suggest that retarded fetal growth in heavy smokers is due to impairment of uteroplacental circulation as a result of the vasoconstricting effect of nicotine.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

[The dynamics of corticosteroids levels in maternal and fetal plasma].

In order to elucidate the clinical implications of cortisol levels in pregnancy, maternal and fetal serum levels of cortisol during pregnancy were determined. The maternal serum level of cortisol gradually increased with advancing gestational age, and it reached a 3 to 4 times higher level in the late stage of pregnancy than that in non-pregnant state. The maternal serum level of cortisol during delivery increased with the length of the period of labor, and immediately after the delivery it reached the peak value of 60-80 micrograms/dl. According to the mode of delivery, the cortisol level increased with the accumulation of stress on the maternal side. The value was highest in the case of vacuum extraction and lowest in elective cesarean section. The cortisol level in umbilical arterial blood in normal delivery was not significantly elevated in comparison with that in vacuum extraction, oxytocin induced delivery and elective cesarean section. The cortisol level in umbilical blood of anencephaly did not differ from that of normal neonate, indicating that cortisol in umbilical blood may originate mainly on the maternal side. In the postpartum period, the serum cortisol concentration declined to the level observed in the late stage of pregnancy after 2 days, and further decreased to the level in the non-pregnant state after 6 days. The present studies suggest that the increase in the serum concentration of cortisol at delivery is a result of maternal stresses in labor, and that direct involvement of cortisol in the controlling mechanism of puerperium is unlikely. The increased function of the adrenal cortex in the late stage of pregnancy and at delivery may stimulate fetal pulmonary maturity and provide maternal and fetal adaptability to stresses in intrapartum bleeding and shock during labor. It is essential to understand pituitary-adrenal cortex functions in prenatal and fetal care in pregnancy.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1983

[Tumor markers in gynecologic malignancies].

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is widely used as a tumor specific index substance for the trophoblastic disease. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the C-terminal peptide of hCG-beta subunit can detect hCG up to the level of 0.5 IU/day in urine or 0.5mIU/ml in serum without cross-reactivity with luteinizing hormone. Therefore, this RIA would be used as a hCG-specific assay method in order to ensure the disease is in complete remission and to detect early recurrence. Alpha-fetoprotein and lactic dehydrogenase can be used as a sensitive tumor marker for embryonal carcinoma and dysgerminoma respectively. Carcinoembryonic antigen may serve as a valuable aid in monitoring the response to the therapy of the patient with ovarian or cervical carcinoma, but may not be useful for early detection of these diseases.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1983

[Double-blind comparative trial of cefroxadine and cephalexin in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media].

A double-blind controlled trial of cefroxadine (CXD) 250 mg t.i.d. was undertaken to objectively evaluate its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, using cephalexin (CEX) 250 mg q.i.d. as a control drug, and the following results were obtained. In the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs produced almost equal outcomes, showing no significant difference in assessments of both overall effects and usefulness. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, the 2 drugs exhibited no significant difference as well in overall effects by Wilcoxon's two-sample test. However, the CEX group had significantly more nonresponsive patients, i.e. 35.5% as compared with 9.7% of the CXD group (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). In the assessment of clinical usefulness as well, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. In the assessment of overall effects based on the patients whose isolated organisms were sensitive to the drugs, CEX group had more patients not responding to the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media (chi 2-test, P less than 0.05). Bacteriological effects were not significantly different between the 2 drugs in both acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. Overall safety rating was not significantly different between the 2 drugs. Side effects occurred as the symptoms of digestive organ in 2 patients each in both groups (equally an incidence of 2.6%). As for the improvement of each symptom after treatment (assessed on day 3), CXD was superior in the improvement rate of otorrhea volume as the main symptom of acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, while CEX was superior in that of otoobstruction feeling. From the above findings, it is presumed that CXD is a safe drug which can exhibit equal or superior therapeutic effects to CEX in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media, at 3/4 of the CEX dose level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Multiple inhibitory effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on hCG-dependent steroidogenesis and on FSH-dependent responses in ovarian cells in vivo and in vitro.

[125I] labelled [D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH10(2)] LH-RH ethylamide (LH-RHa), when injected into immature female rats, bound specifically not only to the pituitary but also to the ovaries. LH-RHa inhibited hCG-stimulated progesterone production and ovarian weight augmentation in hypophysectomized immature female rats in vivo. FSH-induced ovarian hCG receptors and ovarian weight gain in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated hypophysectomized immature female rats were also suppressed by LH-RHa. Progesterone production by rat luteal cells in vitro was inhibited by LH-RHa. LH-RHa did not change the affinity or population of LH/hCG receptor in porcine granulosa cells in short term incubation. However, LH-RHa inhibited induction of LH/hCG receptor stimulated by FSH and insulin in long term culture of porcine granulosa cells. LH-RHa delayed hCG-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in porcine granulosa cells. These findings suggest that LH-RHa inhibits hCG-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and subsequent progesterone production as well as FSH-stimulated LH/hCG receptor induction by acting directly on ovarian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of cefmetazole in the otorhinolaryngological field].

Cefmetazole (CMZ), a new cephamycin preparation, has been investigated to give following results. 1) Pharmacokinetics: Serum and tonsil concentration of CMZ were determined by micropore method in humans. The mean concentrations in 5 cases about 30 minutes after administration of 0.5--1.0 g intravenously were 55.4 micrograms/ml in serum, 21.7 micrograms/g in tonsil. 2) CLINICAL STUDIES: Seventy-one patients with ear, nose and throat infections were treated with CMZ receiving 1 to 6 g per day intravenously (one shot and drip infusion). Thirty-eight of 70 patients were cured excellent, 19 were good, 8 were fair and 6 were failure and effective rate was 80.3%. Adverse reaction was observed in 4 cases. Three cases showed exanthema and 1 case showed fever elevation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study on cefmetazole and cefazolin in the treatment of suppurative otitis media].

Cefmetazole (CMZ) was compared to cefazolin (CEZ) for efficacy and safety in the treatment of suppurative otitis media (including acute otitis media and chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) under well controlled clinical trials. The therapeutic effects were analyzed statistically in 172 patients (82 administered CMZ, 90 administered CEZ). The adverse reactions were also analyzed statistically in 199 patients (CMZ 99, CEZ 100) in whom the judgement was possible. 1. The efficacy rate of CMZ (72.3% for good to excellent response) was assessed by physicians in charge to be similar to that of CEZ (59.3%). This was the same being assessed by the committee, too (CMZ 64.6%, CEZ 56.7%). 2. When patients were classified into 2 groups (acute otitis media, chronic otitis media in acute aggravating stage) with respect to diagnosis, statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy assessed by physicians in charge was observed in the cases with chronic otitis media (CMZ, CEZ). In addition, the improvements of flares on the drum membrane and the mucous membrane of eardrum were significantly better in the CMZ group than in the CEZ group. 3. Bacteriologically, 16 cases (19.8%) of S. aureus were resistant to CEZ, while only 1 case (1.2%) to CMZ. CMZ was judged to be effective in 5 of the 6 cases in which CEZ-resistant strains were detected. 4. Side effects were found in 2 cases (2.0%) treated with CMZ: one complained of retching and abdominal pain and the other developed skin eruption. On the other hand, only 1 case (1.0%) developed skin eruption in the CEZ group. These results suggest that CMZ is a new antibiotic agent which is highly valuable in the treatment of suppurative otitis media.

Adolescent↗