Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Manabe

Publications and source records attributed to T Manabe.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Histological assessment of chronic pancreatitis at necropsy.

AIMS: To evaluate the histological criteria used to diagnose chronic pancreatitis; and to assess interobserver variation among general pathologists. METHODS: Forty five cases of chronic pancreatitis diagnosed in necropsy were reviewed to determine whether the diagnosis was acceptable retrospectively. These cases were diagnosed initially as chronic pancreatitis in the final necropsy report complied by general pathologists. In reviewing these cases, special attention was paid to irregular fibrosis and destruction of the lobular architecture. RESULTS: The 45 cases were re-assigned to seven different diagnostic categories: chronic pancreatitis, 21 (47%) cases; interstitial fibrosis with or without chronic inflammation, 11 (24%) cases; repair stage of acute pancreatitis, four (9%) cases; severe fatty infiltration, three (7%) cases; chronic inflammation without interstitial fibrosis, two (4%) cases; haemochromatosis, one (2%) case; and undetermined, three (7%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The histological spectrum of chronic pancreatitis was very wide and it was often misdiagnosed. Acinar atrophy, acinar dilation and intralobular fibrosis were diagnostic of chronic pancreatitis. Differential diagnoses include the repair stage of acute pancreatitis, severe fatty infiltration and haemochromatosis. Recognition of these findings may help to reduce overdiagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Simple detection of the 5S ribosomal RNA of Pneumocystis carinii using in situ hybridisation.

AIMS: To investigate the effectiveness of digoxigenin incorporated double stranded DNA probes produced by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii, using in situ hybridisation (ISH). METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sections of 26 human lung samples from 11 patients with P carinii pneumonia (PCP), and 15 with various types of fungal and viral pneumonia, were obtained during necropsy or transbronchial lung biopsy. Three additional PCP induced rat lung samples were also tested. PCR probes were prepared using the digoxigenin labelling mixture, and they were amplified from the DNA of a PCP induced rat lung after administration of dexamethasone, on the basis that 5S ribosomal RNA sequences are identical in human and rat P carinii. ISH was performed using this probe, and visualised using the digoxigenin nucleic acid detection kit. An immunohistochemical study using anti-human Pneumocystis monoclonal antibody was also carried out in parallel. RESULTS: ISH positively stained eight (of eight) lung necropsy specimens from patients with PCP, three (of three) transbronchial lung biopsy specimens from patients with PCP, and none of the three PCP induced rat lung specimens. In contrast, none of the specimens from patients with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus sp (n = 5), Candida sp (n = 4), Cryptococcus sp (n = 2), mucormycosis (n = 2), or cytomegalovirus (n = 2) were positive on ISH or immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Using a digoxigenin labelled PCR probe for the entire 5S rRNA sequence in conjunction with conventional staining, ISH is highly reactive and specific for the diagnosis of PCP.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Total obliteration of colonic lumen by localized giant inflammatory polyposis in ulcerative colitis: report of a Japanese case.

Although inflammatory polyposis of the colon is a recognized local complication of ulcerative colitis, giant inflammatory polyposis that totally obliterates the colonic lumen is uncommon, and most of the patients have been from Western countries. We report a Japanese man who had localized giant inflammatory polyposis that obstructed the retrograde flow of barium in a double-contrast barium enema study at the splenic flexure in ulcerative colitis. After resection by total proctocolectomy and ileostomy, pathological examination of the specimen confirmed localized giant inflammatory polyposis in the descending colon and spelnic flexure without malignancy.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1996

Recurrence of sarcoidosis following interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

We report a 67-year-old male patient with a known history of sarcoidosis in remission who had recurrent sarcoidosis following a five-month administration of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) for chronic hepatitis C. He developed bilateral swelling of the parotid glands and bilateral diffuse reticulonodular pulmonary parenchymal opacities on chest roentgenograms. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels and soluble IL-2 receptor levels were high and a transbronchial lung biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas. The abnormalities on both laboratory data and chest roentgenograms were resolved after administration of oral prednisolone.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Isolation rate of E. coli from surgical infections and their susceptibilities].

Escherichia coli isolated from surgical infections during the period from July 1983 to June 1995 were investigated in a multicenter study involving 19 hospitals in Japan, and the following results were obtained. 1. Although the isolation rate of E. coli was not high from postoperative infections, it was most frequently isolated from primary infections throughout the study period. E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and anaerobic bacteria were predominant from fresh infections. From the cases that had previous antibiotics treatment, Enterococcus spp. were the most predominant isolates followed by MRSA and Pseudomonas spp. in this order. 2. Against E. coli, cefozopran, carumonam and aztreonam had the strongest activity, followed by cefmenoxime, imipenem, latamoxef, gentamicin and ofloxacin. Recently, we have noticed that antibiotic resistant E. coli strains particularly against cefazolin are increasing year by year.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from surgical infections and their susceptibilities].

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical infections during the period from July 1982 to June 1995 were investigated in a multicenter study involving 19 hospitals in Japan, and the following results were obtained. 1. Though the isolation rate of P. aeruginosa was not high from primary infections, it was more frequently isolated from postoperative infections throughout the study period. Enterococcus spp., P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA were predominant among postoperative infections. From the postoperative cases that had previous antibiotic treatment, Enterococcus spp., MRSA and P. aeruginosa were more predominantly isolated than from those without previous treatments with antibiotics. 2. Cefozopran, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, aztreonam, carumonam, gentamicin, amikacin and ofloxacin had strong activities against P. aeruginosa. We recognize recently that antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa against imipenem and ofloxacin have been increasing year by year.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Intraperitoneal administration of carboplatin loaded alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) particles in rats bearing abdominal carcinomatosis].

It is difficult to treat abdominal carcinomatosis with conventional chemotherapy, and many kinds of localized chemotherapy have been attempted. We used alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) particles as a drug carrier in this study. alpha-TCP, which has chemically similar properties to human bone, has an excellent biocompatibility with human tissues and is biodegradable. The particles measured 50 to 100 microns in diameter, were round in shape and very porous. These particles have many open micro-pores of about 1 to 3 microns, which are beneficial for containing drugs. The compatibility and biodegradation of alpha-TCP particles were studied following intraperitoneal (ip) administration in normal rats. The following results were obtained: (1) alpha-TCP particles were intaken in the great omentum, and dissolved gradually. (2) The efficacy of ip administration of carboplatin-loaded alpha-TCP (alpha-TCP-CBDCA) was examined using a Donryu rat model with AH130 abdominal carcinomatosis. The alpha-TCP-CBDCA contained 200 mg alpha-TCP and 4 mg CBDCA. The pharmacokinetics of CBDCA following ip administration of alpha-TCP-CBDCA were studied. Pt levels in ascites and great omentum were higher in the alpha-TCP-CBDCA ip from 0.5 to 168 hours than those in the free-CBDCA ip and iv groups. These results suggest that the efficacy of CBDCA may be enhanced by utilizing alpha-TCP particles as a drug delivery carrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. Special references to bacteria isolated between July 1994 and June 1995].

Isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from July 1994 to June 1995 were investigated by a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. One hundred and fifty-three strains were isolated from primary infections, and 143 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, both anaerobic Gram-positive and-negative bacteria were predominant, and from postoperative infections, aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis was highest, followed by that of Staphylococcus aureus from both types of infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Streptococcus intermedius was highest from primary infections, but from postoperative infections anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria was uncommon. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order. From postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was most predominantly isolated, followed by Serratia marcescens and E. coli. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. We have noticed that resistant strains against imipenem and ofloxacin were increasing among P. aeruginosa and resistant strains against cefazolin were increasing among E. coli. MICs of cefazolin against four out of 30 strains of E. coli were higher than 100 micrograms/ml, and MICs of imipenem was higher than 50 micrograms/ml against 5 out of 22 strains of P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a patient with a positive skin test (15 minutes) for Trichosporon mucoides and a high serum IgE level].

The serum IgE level is usually not high in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) because it develops from Type III and Type IV allergies (Gell and Coombs). However, we have previously reported infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells in patients with summer-type HP and a high serum IgE level. We encountered a 56-year-old woman with summer-type HP who had a high serum IgE level and a positive skin reaction to the causative antigen. She was admitted to our hospital because of coughing, fever, and dyspnea. On admission, a chest X-ray film and a chest CT scan disclosed ground-glass opacity and diffuse small nodular shadows. Her PaO2 was 56 mmHg on room air and her serum IgE level was high (725 U/ml). Pulmonary-function testing revealed a low DLCo, but the FEV1 was normal. Summer-type HP was diagnosed because of a positive test for serum antibody to Trichosporon mucoides (TIMM1573), a positive result on an antigen challenge test, and because pathological examination of specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy showed severe infiltration of lymphocytes. After admission, her serum IgE levels gradually improved along with the symptoms and the PaO2. A skin test for the causative antigen was done to study the early immunological reaction, and a positive result (22 mm x 24 mm) was obtained for T. mucoides (TIMM1573) in only 15 minutes. We could not elicit any history of atopy that may have been associated with the high serum IgE level and the positive skin test. Therefore, we suspect that this patient had an early immunologic reaction (Type I allergy) to T. mucoides, and that Type I allergy is involved in the development of HP.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1996

[MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma following microwave coagulation therapy].

MRI was performed in 13 patients who had microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. Six of them underwent surgery after MRI. The area (including tumor) treated by MCT showed low to high intensity on T1WI, and low to isointensity on T2WI. No enhancement was obtained on dynamic MRI. Histologically, this area was supposed to be coagulation necrosis. On T1WI, only tumor showed high intensity within the MCT area in 8 patients, and nearly uniform intensity was observed in 5 patients. Histologically, residual cell nuclei were observed in the former, and nearly uniform coagulation necrosis in the latter. The marginal part of the MCT area exhibited low intensity on T1WI, and high intensity on T2WI. Strong enhancement was obtained on dynamic MRI, and histologically, granulation tissue was noted. In the hepatic parenchyma around the MCT area, a ring-or wedge-shaped high intensity part was observed in 7 patients on T2WI, and that part was enhanced on dynamic MRI. This finding was considered to reflect changes such as hepatic hyperperfusion. In terms of the capability of visualizing residual tumor after MCT, MRI was superior to CT. Furthermore, a clear distinction was seen between the MCT area and non-MCT area on T2WI and dynamic MRI. Thus, MRI was useful in the determination of additional therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Reduced hippocampal LTP and spatial learning in mice lacking NMDA receptor epsilon 1 subunit.

The NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor channel is important for synaptic plasticity, which is thought to underlie learning, memory and development. The NMDA receptor channel is formed by at least two members of the glutamate receptor (GluR) channel subunit families, the GluR epsilon (NR2) and GluR zeta (NR1) subunit families. The four epsilon subunits are distinct in distribution, properties and regulation. On the basis of the Mg2+ sensitivity and expression patterns, we have proposed that the epsilon 1 (NR2A) and epsilon 2 (NR2B) subunits play a role in synaptic plasticity. Here we show that targeted disruption of the mouse epsilon 1 subunit gene resulted in significant reduction of the NMDA receptor channel current and long-term potentiation at the hippocampal CA1 synapses. The mutant mice also showed a moderate deficiency in spatial learning. These results support the notion that the NMDA receptor channel-dependent synaptic plasticity is the cellular basis of certain forms of learning.

Animals↗