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Biomedical subjects

T M Keane

Publications and source records attributed to T M Keane.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Interpersonal reactions to assertive and unassertive styles when handling social conflict situations.

Determining how persons perceive and evaluate social assertiveness is a particularly important topic, since assertive training is primarily intended to alter the behavior of individuals in the context of social interactions. In the present study, college students observed videotapes which showed a model handling several social conflict situations in either an assertive or an unassertive manner. Because race in individual may also influence the way assertiveness is viewed, both black and white models were used. Subjects then completed a 26-item adjective checklist to evaluate the personality of the model they observed. Results indicated that while assertive models were viewed as skilled and able in their handling of the portrayed social conflict situations, they were rated much less favorably than unassertive models on 14 adjectives assessing likeability. Race of model did not differentially affect this pattern. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Implosive therapy in the treatment of combat related fears in a world war II veteran.

A 55-year old veteran with combat related fears of 36 years' duration was successfully treated in three sessions of implosive therapy, each lasting approximately 1 hr. This improvement followed 15 hospitalizations over the preceding 30 month period, and previous unsuccessful treatment efforts including prescription of antabuse, an inpatient alcohol treatment program, and an agoraphobia treatment program conducted on an outpatient basis. Treatment gains were maintained over a 2 year follow-up period.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral contracting to improve dietary compliance in chronic renal dialysis patients.

End stage renal disease is the most severe stage of kidney failure. Hemodialysis or kidney transplants are required to insure patient survival. When dialysis treatment is used, patients experience dietary restrictions and consequently must limit fluid and food intake to compensate for the lack of kidney functioning. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of behavioral procedures in improving compliance to dietary restrictions in chronic fluid overloaders. A contracting procedure between medical staff and the patients, and contingent staff praise for meeting weight standards, led to lower intersession weight gain. Continuous follow-up assessment indicated long term maintenance of treatment effects for these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of distance variables that affect aftercare attendance.

Recent reserach has examined variables related to attendance of aftercare services because of the correlation between aftercare and posthospitalization treatment success. The present study, which examined aftercare attendance for 40 randomyl selected subjects following discharge from an inpatient alcohol treatment program, extends the list of variables found to influence attendance. A multiple-regression analysis of subject demographic variables and variables of a more programmatic nature found that distance variables (e.g., number of miles to an aftercare agency) significantly influenced aftercare attendance. The results are discussed with respect to aftercare program decisions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Awareness under anesthesia and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Failure of general anesthesia to render a patient insensate, termed "awareness," is estimated to affect between 40,000 and 140,000 patients in the US each year. This study investigated the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in subjects who reported a past episode of intraoperative awareness. We inquired about intraoperative and postoperative experiences and studied the relationship between various surgical experiences and currently meeting the diagnosis of PTSD. Sixteen postawareness subjects and 10 postgeneral anesthesia controls completed the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a standardized clinical rating scale for PTSD, and a questionnaire about peri-operative experiences. Nine of 16 subjects (56.3%), a mean of 17.9 postoperative years, and no controls met diagnostic criteria for current PTSD (X(2)= 8.6, df = 1, P<.01). Common intraoperative experiences included an inability to communicate, helplessness, terror, and pain. Postawareness patients had significant postoperative distress related to feeling unable to communicate, unsafe, terrified, abandoned and betrayed. Perioperative dissociative experiences predicted having current PTSD. Being conscious during surgery is a traumatic event that may result in developing chronic PTSD. Further studies should include prospective designs of prevalence and long-term psychological, social, and overall health effects, and ways of preventing and treating awareness-induced PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from major depression (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Questions about the differential diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have been raised since this category was reformulated in DSM-III (APA, 1980). Clinicians have reported difficulties distinguishing PTSD from other categories, particularly from Major Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders (MDD and GAD). Diagnostic validity can be established in several ways (e.g., through clinical descriptive studies, laboratory experiments, family history studies, etc.). In this paper, we describe one approach to validation thus far not applied to PTSD: This approach centers directly on whether clinicians can distinguish PTSD from other diagnostic categories. Experienced clinicians were asked to rate the extent to which a common set of 90 symptom items characterized PTSD, MDD, and GAD. Ratings were analyzed with multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and covariance, multiple discriminant function analysis, and factor analysis; moreover, characteristics of rates were examined for possible influences. Results indicated that clinicians readily distinguish PTSD from MDD and GAD as well as MDD from GAD. Findings are presented in terms of univariate analyses, 34 best discriminating items, and factors specifying dimensions differentiating the syndromes of PTSD, MDD, and GAD. Rater characteristics did not influence diagnostic accuracy, although significant differences in magnitude of symptom intensity were found.

Adult↗