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Biomedical subjects

T M Keane

Publications and source records attributed to T M Keane.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Validity and clinical scale comparisons between the MMPI and MMPI-2 with psychiatric inpatients.

This study was designed to investigate the comparability of the original MMPI (1950) and the MMPI-2 (1989) with a psychiatric patient population. 34 male and 3 female patients, shortly after admission to one of two acute psychiatry units, completed the old and revised versions of the MMPI. Paired t tests indicated but scant differences for raw scores, while many more differences were found among T scores for validity, clinical, and supplemental scales. Analyses, however, showed all scales on the two forms to be highly correlated. Analysis of the high-point and two-point codes across the two administrations also showed relative stability, although the proportion of Scales 2 (Depression) and 8 (Schizophrenia) decreased, while those for Scales 6 (Paranoia) and 7 (Psychasthenia) increased markedly in the MMPI-2 protocols. Examination of each version's discriminability among mood- and thought-disordered subsamples suggested that the MMPI provides slightly better delineation between diagnostic classes. Discriminant function analyses showed that there were essentially no differences between the two forms in the accurate classification of clinical and nonclinical groups. The findings reported here provide support for the MMPI-2; despite modification, the newer form retains the advantages of the original MMPI. Differences found here may be unique to psychiatric patients and their patterns of MMPI/MMPI-2 equivalence and may not generalize to other special populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Similarities and differences between MMPI and MMPI-2 applications to the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

The purpose of this study was to address the question: Is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) comparable to the original MMPI in its applicability to the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam combat veterans? The question was addressed by administering both the original MMPI and MMPI-2 to 29 subjects classified as meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM-III-R) criteria for PTSD and comparing MMPI and MMPI-2 scores in terms of: degree of association, code-type congruence, diagnostic hit rates (when compared to two other clinical samples, and one normal sample), and congruence of the Keane PTSD Scale (PK). Results reveal highly significant correlations between MMPI and MMPI-2 basic scales for the PTSD sample as well as congruence in 2-point codes comparable to previous studies. The MMPI-2 was found to identify effectively PTSD subjects from the other groups. Results also showed a high degree of association between the MMPI and MMPI-2 in regard to PK scores, although minor differences were found in PK raw scores between the two tests. Overall, the findings suggest a high degree of comparability between the MMPI and MMPI-2 in the assessment of PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Increasing group attendance on a psychiatric unit: an alternating treatments design comparison.

Compliance is a critical factor for success in the treatment of chronic psychiatric patients. Major reasons for therapeutic failure are that patients discontinue their medications, fail to keep therapist appointments, or do not participate in recommended psychosocial activities. An alternating treatments design was employed to assess the use of verbal instructions and feedback to promote group attendance on a psychiatric unit. Results showed these methods served to significantly increase group attendance but had no significant effect on patient satisfaction. These results are discussed with regard to cost-efficient methods for promoting treatment compliance with psychiatric inpatients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Utility: Sensitivity and specificity in developing diagnostic tests of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

This paper summarizes strengths and weaknesses of clinical utility of tests that diagnose Vietnam combat-related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Weaknesses reviewed are: excessive reliance upon one kind of measure of Index Diagnosis; failure to control for varying prevalence rates across samples; failure to compare accuracy across response modalities. Strengths that emerge from the review are that self-report measures have proven to be highly sensitive, and psychophysiological measures have been demonstrated as highly specific. Whereas one single "gold standard" measure of PTSD has yet to be devised, clinical researchers can continue to have confidence in the use of multiple measures.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1988

The interrelationship of substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Epidemiological and clinical considerations.

This chapter reviews the data available on the relationship of substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Delimiting the review to those studies of Vietnam veterans, we found that levels of combat exposure seemed to be positively related to subsequent alcohol use, although not all studies confirmed this relationship. When studies of patients seeking treatment for PTSD were examined, we learned that 60-80% of these patients had concurrent diagnoses of substance abuse, alcohol abuse, or dependence. Methodological limitations of all the studies are discussed and conclusions regarding the status of the PTSD-substance abuse relationship are drawn cautiously. Alternative suggestions for treatment are presented and discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of hydroxylapatite particles in repair of alveolar clefts in dogs.

Twelve adult mongrel dogs were used to evaluate the use of hydroxylapatite (HA) in the closure of alveolar clefts. Bilateral alveolar clefts were surgically created in each animal. After healing, they were implanted randomly with either HA or particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM). The results were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and histologically for healing, acceptance of the implant, closure of the fistula, and bony ingrowth. The results show that HA was as successful in closure of the fistulas and re-establishing an intact maxilla as PCBM. Minimal osteoid and bone was interspersed in the HA implant sites. No complications resulted from the HA graft.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1987

Post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for diagnostic validity and methods of psychological assessment.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a diagnosis that has been the subject of considerable criticism in the clinical literature. Of primary concern has been the question of whether PTSD is a disorder that can be discriminated reliably from already existing diagnoses, such as depression, dysthymia, or generalized anxiety disorder. This paper reviews the evidence that surrounds this controversy and employs the guidelines for validating a diagnosis established by Robins and Guze (1970) as the framework for the review. A second purpose of this paper is to present a multiaxial approach for the assessment of PTSD. This approach includes the use of structured interviews, psychometrics, and a psychophysiological assessment procedure. Studies that support the reliability and validity of the components of the multiaxial method are reviewed.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Spouse contracting to increase antabuse compliance in alcoholic veterans.

Developed and evaluated a home-based contracting program to determine its effect on the compliance rates of discharged alcohol patients to a disulfiram (antabuse) regimen. The three comparison groups included (a) no contract/no recording; (b) contract/recording; and (c) contract/recording plus instructions for positive reinforcement. Twenty-five patients who had been treated in a behaviorally oriented inpatient alcohol dependence treatment program and who lived with a significant other (i.e., spouse, sibling, parent) participated in the study. At the end of the 3-month period for which the disulfiram was prescribed, those Ss who were involved in contracting and recording reached criterion more frequently than those who were in the minimal treatment group. Furthermore, 84% of this S sample were abstinent at the 3-month follow-up according to collateral reports. The discussion centers on the use of home-based contracting as an inexpensive alternative to other, more costly disulfiram programs. Additional methods for obtaining measures of reliability on self-report of disulfiram usage also are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Toward a behavioral assessment of anticipatory symptoms associated with cancer chemotherapy.

A tripartite assessment of nine patients experiencing either pretreatment nausea and vomiting, pretreatment nausea or posttreatment nausea and vomiting only was conducted. Three consistent patterns of response emerged: (1) patients with pretreatment nausea and vomiting reported elevated levels of nausea and anxiety and demonstrated increased levels of physiological arousal; (2) patients with pretreatment nausea reported elevated levels of nausea and anxiety but showed no evidence of increased physiological arousal; and (3) patients with posttreatment symptoms only evidenced low levels on all measures. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a continuum of responses exists in patients undergoing chemotherapy ranging from no pre- or posttreatment symptoms to pretreatment nausea and vomiting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Drug-related admissions to a Veterans' Administration psychiatric unit.

Forty-one consecutive admissions to an inpatient psychiatric service were monitored prospectively for drug-related problems. During the four-month study, 22 (54 percent) of the admissions were determined to be drug-related; in 12 (29 percent) admissions, a drug-related problem was identified as the primary cause of hospitalization. Significant differences were found in the length of hospitalization, age, and race when the group with drug-related problems was compared with a group with non-drug-related problems.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Examining the accuracy of foodservice in a hospital setting.

Although a great deal of research has been conducted to determine the appropriate diets for the prevention and treatment of various illnesses, there is very little in the literature about research that directly assesses the accuracy of the prescribed diets served to patients in a hospital setting. The present study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of meals served to patients by identifying critical errors and more general errors on trays about to be served. The results indicated that the error rate was greater on weekends and holidays than during the week. Significantly, a correlational analysis revealed that error rate was inversely related to the total number of foodservice supervisors and more specifically to the number of food production supervisors and registered dietitians present. The implications of the results for possible interventions and training are discussed.

Dietetics↗