CHARGE-association with pulmonary stenosis.
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Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Biomedical subjects
T Lindberg
Publications and source records attributed to T Lindberg.
Immunoreactive anionic trypsin and anionic elastase in human milk.
Immunoreactive anionic trypsin and anionic elastase have been demonstrated in human milk, by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Cationic trypsin and cationic elastase could not be detected by these methods. The anionic trypsin is probably present in complex with IgA. No benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) splitting activity was found in human skim milk. Anionic trypsin was isolated by immunoadsorption chromatography. The purified enzyme had a BAPNA-splitting activity.
Anions↗
Motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin in infantile colic.
Intestinal hyperperistalsis is one part of the clinical picture in infantile colic. Three gut hormones involved in the regulation of gut motility; motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and gastrin, were measured with the RIA method in: 40 infants with infantile colic, (age 2-22 weeks), 42 healthy age-matched infants, 11 children (age 3-36 months) with gastrointestinal disorders, and 20 children (age 3-36 months) with non-gastrointestinal disorder. Basal s-motilin levels were raised in infants with infantile colic (p less than 0.01) and in children with other gastrointestinal disorders (p less than 0.001). Formula-fed infants had higher basal s-motilin levels than the breast-fed infants (p less than 0.05). P-VIP and s-gastrin levels were raised in children with other gastro-intestinal disorders (p less than 0.05), but not in infantile colic. Formula-fed colicky infants had higher s-gastrin levels than the breast-fed colicky infants (p less than 0.05). We suggest that the increased s-motilin level in infantile colic might account in part for the clinical picture of this disorder.
Bottle Feeding↗
Coeliac disease in children of short stature without gastrointestinal symptoms.
Eighty-seven children with short stature (height more than 2 SD below the mean for age and sex) were investigated by small intestinal biopsy. There was no obvious reason for their growth retardation found by routine examination and they had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Coeliac disease was found in two children and probable coeliac disease in two children. Although the prevalence of coeliac disease was comparatively low in this study of Swedish children with short stature, it emphasizes the fact that coeliac disease must be considered in a child with short stature even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Adolescent↗
Bovine beta-lactoglobulin in the human milk. A longitudinal study during the whole lactation period.
Human milk samples (n = 232) collected during the whole lactation period from 25 healthy, Swedish mothers were analyzed by radioimmunologic method for content of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Detectable amounts (5-800 micrograms/l) were found in 93 of 232 milk samples (40%). Six mothers had no detectable beta-lactoglobulin in their breast milk on any occasion. Two mothers had measurable beta-lactoglobulin in all their milk samples. No correlation was found between daily cow's milk intake and concentration of beta-lactoglobulin in the milk samples. Six mothers with allergic symptoms such as asthma, hay-fever, eczema all had detectable amounts of beta-lactoglobulin in their milk. Of 19 mothers without allergy, 13 had detectable amounts. This difference did not show statistical significance. The presence of symptoms in the infant such as diarrhoea, vomiting, colic, exanthema was significantly correlated to high levels of beta-lactoglobulin in the milk. Bovine beta-lactoglobulin was also detected in 7 of 13 serum samples. The two mothers with detectable beta-lactoglobulin in all milk samples had the highest serum values, and their infants suffered from gastro-intestinal symptoms, weight decline and exanthema.
Animals↗
Hospital routines in infants with hyperbilirubinemia influence the duration of breast feeding.
Twenty-nine infants undergoing phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia were divided into two groups. One group of mothers (non-separated) were transferred with their infants to the paediatric ward and remained as the primary care provider. The other group of mothers (separated) remained on the maternity ward and went to the paediatric unit to care for their infants at feeding times. A third group of healthy mothers and infants served as controls. Mothers in the non-separated group were more satisfied with the care than mothers in the separated group. The duration of breast feeding in the separated group was significantly shorter than in the other groups. The urine cortisol levels in the separated mothers were the same at one week and three months after delivery. The mothers in the other two groups had significantly higher urine cortisol levels during the first week postpartum than three months postpartum. We conclude that routine phototherapy for jaundiced infants should not separate mothers and infants.
Breast Feeding↗
Human alpha-lactalbumin as a marker of macromolecular absorption.
alpha-Lactalbumin was purified from human milk and a competitive radioimmunoassay for measuring serum concentrations of human alpha-lactalbumin was developed. Human alpha-lactalbumin was not detected (less than 5 micrograms/l) in serum from adult men (n = 4), non-pregnant women (n = 6) or in serum from seven of eight formula fed infants. alpha-Lactalbumin was found in serum from pregnant women (19-130 micrograms/l, n = 4), cord blood (22-72 micrograms/l, median value 35 micrograms/l, n = 9), and from newborn non-fed infants (less than 1 day old) (less than 5-50 micrograms/l, median value 15 micrograms/l, n = 11). In breast fed infants the serum concentration of alpha-lactalbumin was highest in preterm infants (140-952 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 4) and decreased in term infants successively with maturity (age 5-30 days: median value 85 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 7; age 31-60 days: median value 43, n = 6; age 61-135 days: median value 12, n = 6). A human milk feeding to three infants one month of age gave serum peak values of alpha-lactalbumin after 30 to 60 minutes. We suggest that human alpha-lactalbumin is a suitable marker for investigating macromolecular absorption in physiological and pathological conditions.
Female↗
Dipeptide glycols: a new class of renin inhibitors.
The discovery of a new class of novel renin inhibitors consisting of protected dipeptide amides derived from aminoglycols (Formula I) prompted a study of structure-activity in vitro and efficacy in vivo. Thus, Boc-L-Phe-N-[(1S,2R)-1-benzyl-(2,3-dihydroxy)propyl]-L-leucinamide (1) and the corresponding histidinamide (2) inhibit human renin in vitro (IC50: 8.7 X 10-6 M and 2.6 X 10-6 M, respectively). Compound 1 has a slight inhibitory effect on pepsin and compound 2 does not inhibit pepsin at all (at 10-4M); these compounds are inactive against rat renin. Compound 1 is efficacious in lowering plasma renin activity in the Rhesus monkey (i.v.). Results indicate that this new class of low molecular weight inhibitors is specific for human renin and thus constitutes a new source of drug candidates.
Animals↗
Serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in children.
Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG gliadin antibodies were determined with a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method--diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA)--and the results were related to small intestinal mucosal morphology in 234 children suspected of having malabsorption. Fifty-six of 58 children with flat intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels (sensitivity 97%). Fifty-four of the 58 children had celiac disease (CD) (n = 25) or probable CD (n = 29). Four children with flat mucosa had cow's milk protein and/or soy protein intolerance and three of these had increased gliadin antibody levels. Seventeen percent of 132 children with normal intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels. IgA and IgG gliadin antibody levels decreased significantly in the celiac children on a gluten-free diet and increased significantly after gluten challenge. Determination of serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies by means of DIG-ELISA is a sensitive test for small intestinal mucosal damage in children. When malabsorption is suspected, we suggest that this assay be used to select children for a small intestinal biopsy. It is also very useful for the follow-up of adherence to a gluten-free diet and to determine the effect of gluten challenge in celiac children.
Adolescent↗
Dietary bovine beta-lactoglobulin is transferred to human milk.
Human milk from 38 mothers was analysed by radioimmunological method for content of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Detectable amounts (5-33 micrograms/l) of immunoactive beta-lactoglobulin were found in 18 human milk samples. Milk from 3 mothers, whose infants suffered from infantile colic contained high amounts of beta-lactoglobulin (32, 18 and 14 micrograms/l respectively). With the mothers on a cow's milk free diet the contents fell to non-detectable amounts in two mothers and to 6 micrograms/l in the third. All three infants became free from colic.
Animals↗
Different effects of different nutrients on theophylline absorption in man.
The influence of concomitant intake of a standardized breakfast (1,840 kJ) and of carbohydrate (830 kJ), fat (645 kJ), and protein (365 kJ) on the absorption of theophylline (400 mg) from a modern formulation of choline theophylline (4 X 135 mg) was examined in 18 healthy volunteers. After fasting overnight, they ingested the drug both immediately after the meal/nutrient and on an empty stomach, fasting being continued for another 4 h. Theophylline concentrations in serum were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results indicate that carbohydrate and the complete breakfast, but not fat or protein, delayed the absorption of theophylline. This is of particular interest as previous animal studies suggest that theophylline may be partially absorbed by an active transport mechanism operating in glucose uptake, and as carbohydrate has been found to increase the absorption rate of phenytoin, another acidic drug with a pKa similar to that of theophylline. This emphasizes the complexity of factors regulating the absorption of drugs and their interactions with food and dietary components.
Adult↗
The passage of orally fed proteins from mother to foetus in the rat.
Pregnant rats were orally fed with a mixture of bovine IgG, bovine albumin, ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Using immunoprecipitation methods, these proteins were detected in the maternal blood serum, urine and uterine fluids, and also in the foetal blood serum and the amniotic fluid. The results imply that a variety of dietary proteins, still immunoprecipitable, are able to cross the materno-foetal barriers to be detected in the foetal circulation, where they may influence the maturation of the immune system of the foetus.
Animals↗
Amylase in human milk from mothers of preterm and term infants.
Amylase activity and isoenzyme pattern were determined in preterm human milk from 25 mothers during the first 55 days after delivery and from 25 mothers delivered at term. The diurnal variation in amylase activity and the variation during a feeding were studied in two mothers. There is a high amylase activity in preterm colostrum, which slowly decreases during the first 2 months. The individual variation in amylase activity is considerable. There is no difference in amylase activity in preterm and term human milk. The isoamylase of preterm milk is of the salivary type, just as in term milk. There is no great variation in amylase activity during a feeding or from one feeding to another.
Amylases↗
In vivo absorption of theophylline and salicylic acid from rat small intestine.
In vivo absorption of theophylline and salicylic acid from the rat small intestine was studied by a closed segment technique. The drugs were administered at 1 and 4 mM in dissolved form, both in the presence and absence of phlorizin (0.01 mM). Drug concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Phlorizin inhibited the absorption of theophylline (pKa = 8.6) at 4 mM but not at 1 mM. In contrast, the absorption of salicylic acid (pKa = 3) both at 1 and 4 mM was unaffected by phlorizin. This suggests that an active transport system, sensitive to phlorizin, is involved in the rat intestinal absorption of theophylline, but not in that of salicylic acid. Apart from differences in drug structure, differences in the degree of ionization may influence the access of acidic drugs to this transport system.
Animals↗
Short mother-infant separation during first week of life influences the duration of breastfeeding.
Thirty term infants, who were separated 1-6 days (mean 3.3 days) from their mothers during the first week of life because of minor illnesses, were compared with 116 term non-separated infants with regard to breastfeeding. At 3 months of age the frequency of entirely breastfed infants was 37% in the separated group versus 72% in the non-separated group, p less than 0.001. Thus a few days of separation between mothers and infants during the first week of life seems to decrease the duration of breastfeeding.
Breast Feeding↗
Isolation and characterization of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere of temperate cereals and forage grasses.
N(2)(C(2)H(2))-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of various cereals and forage grasses grown in the greenhouse and from the rhizosphere of field-grown wheat in Sweden. All 46 isolates from the greenhouse plants lost their nitrogenase activity during purification. By imposing a stronger selection pressure, we obtained pure isolates with nitrogenase activity from field-grown wheat. Some isolates were identified as Enterobacter agglomerans and Bacillus polymyxa, but several bacteria of uncertain taxonomy also occurred. One of the isolates grew and reduced acetylene only in the presence of other bacteria or certain vitamins. Species of Azotobacter or Azospirillum could not be isolated from the rhizosphere of any of the cereals and forage grasses studied.
Journal Article↗
Partial hydrolysis of cow's milk proteins by human trypsins and elastases in vitro.
The hydrolysis of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and casein by human anodal and cathodal trypsins and elastases was studied with the aid of electroimmunoassay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of hydrolysis of the various proteins by cathodal elastase exceeded that by anodal or cathodal trypsin and anodal elastase. Casein was hydrolyzed more efficiently than alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin. The hydrolysis of the three proteins occurred at a considerably slower rate when present in crude form, as in cow's milk, than when in purified form.
Animals↗
Small intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyl-glycine in patients with chronic renal failure.
Intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyl-glycine was studied in 9 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (mean creatinine clearance 9 ml/min) and 7 healthy controls. After an oral load of the amino acid or dipeptide, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen (alpha-NH2N) was measured repeatedly for two hours and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. In uremic patients, plasma alpha-NH2N was significantly lower after glycine than after glycyl-glycine at 30, 45 and 60 min and also AUC was smaller after the amino acid indicating a reduced total uptake. One patient with severe, terminal uremia had a flat curve after glycine administration. In control subjects, plasma levels were lower after glycine than after glycyl-glycine at 30 min but AUC did not differ between the amino acid and the dipeptide. Generally these results agree with those in earlier studies of non-uremic man showing that, in small intestine, dipeptides are taken up better and by a different mechanism than amino acids.
Adult↗