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Biomedical subjects

T Lee

Publications and source records attributed to T Lee.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Paraffinoma of the penis.

Augmentation of the body contour by localized injection of hard and soft paraffin rose to a zenith of popularity in the early 1900s, whereafter the severe destructive consequences of such injections became widely recognized. However in Korea, these injections are still performed much by nonmedical person. Paraffin or other mineral oil injection into body is no more a useful method to change body contour. We reviewed 26 cases of sclerosing lipogranuloma of penis with complications in recent 13 years after mean 18.5 months from previous injection of paraffin or vaseline. We conclude that the public should be informed of detrimental effects of paraffin injections and that the best treatment of penile paraffinoma is complete excision and appropriate penoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An index case of adrenomyeloneuropathy in a Chinese man.

X-linked adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is a phenotypic variant of adrenoleukodystrophy (ADL) presenting in early adult life with progressive ataxia and spasticity, and on occasion with adrenal insufficiency. We describe a 26-year-old Chinese man with a 2-year history of gait difficulty due to spasticity, absent pattern shift visual evoked (VER) responses and posterior white matter lesions on T2 weighted brain magnetic resonance images. His parents are clinically normal and his 24-year-old brother has hyperreflexia in the legs but normal VER latencies. The patient's ACTH levels were elevated and the serum cortisol did not rise with either Synacthen or corticotropin releasing hormone. Assay of his plasma confirmed elevation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) consistent with a defect in peroxisomal VLCFA metabolism. This is the first local report of a patient with AMN.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1993

A microdialysis study on striatal dopamine, 5-HT and metabolites in conscious rats after various treatments: evidence for extravesicular release of dopamine.

The effects of death and various treatments that affect the status of nigrostriatal neurones on striatal release of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine (3-MT), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were studied by in vivo microdialysis. In conscious rats, DA and 5-HT levels were very low compared with their metabolites except 3-MT which was rarely detectable. Upon death by pentobarbitone overdose, there was an immediate surge of the DA level reflecting massive release of the neurotransmitter. This increase was accompanied by a significant increase in 3-MT level but not the other two DA metabolites. Post mortem release of 5-HT was also observed but to a much smaller extent than that of DA. The amounts of amines released appeared to be proportional to the amine stores. When L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was administered to reserpinized rats, the extracellular levels of both DOPAC and HVA increased but not that of DA. However, marked release of DA occurred at death in contrast to reserpinized rats not injected with the precursor. It is evident that exogenous L-DOPA is taken up into the dopaminergic nerve endings and is converted to releasable extravesicular DA, and that this releasable DA is released, at least in part, in accordance with neuronal activities.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Acute traumatic injuries in underground bituminous coal miners.

Using injury information from the 1986 Mine Safety and Health Administration database, and demographic information from a 1986 sample survey of the miner population, acute traumatic injury rates for male workers in underground bituminous coal mines were computed by age, current job experience, and total mine work experience. Three groups of workers assessed in this study showed the highest injury rates: workers aged 15-30 years; workers with between 2 and 3 years of experience; and workers with 10 or more years of experience in the current job. Injury rates decline with age in each time-interval of current job category and each total mine working experience category. Experience per se does not appear to be related to lower injury rates independent of age, which is paradoxical. The interaction of worker age with length of current or total mining experience is complex. The potential for catastrophic multiple fatalities and severe injuries suggests that additional work is needed to study, simultaneously, factors such as training and job task, and those that describe specific work exposures and mining hazards.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Nematolysosomes (elongate lysosomes) in rat hepatocytes: their distribution, microtubule dependence, and role in endocytic transport pathway.

The distribution of lysosomes in rat hepatocytes was examined by three-dimensional electron microscopy combined with acid phosphatase (ACPase) cytochemistry. In the 2-microns-thick sections observed under 200- or 1000-kV TEM, it was apparent that ACPase activity localized on elongate lysosomes (we refer to them as nematolysosomes) with a diameter of 70-100 nm and lengths of several micrometers, as well as spherical lysosomes and trans-Golgi cisternae. Though most spherical lysosomes were located within the pericanalicular region, nematolysosomes were widely distributed throughout the hepatocytes. Typically, it appeared that the nematolysosomes elongated from the subsinusoidal region to the pericanalicular-Golgi complex area and they frequently formed a network at the cell periphery along the sinusoidal front. Furthermore, the formation of nematolysosomes was independent of new protein synthesis, but highly dependent on the integrity of microtubules. After a 6-8 h colchicine treatment, nematolysosomes were shrunk and/or fragmented, becoming roughly spherical lysosomes scattered throughout the cells. Nematolysosomes recovered their normal profiles after 24 h due to the reversible effect of the drug on microtubules. When the hepatocytes were exposed to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in vitro or in vivo, HRP was quickly sequestered in nematolysosome-like structures via pinocytosis from the sinusoidal surface and transported to an area near the Golgi complex. These findings raise the possibility that the nematolysosomes engage in microtubule-dependent transport of macromolecules from the sinusoidal circulation to the Golgi complex area.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Optimization of a recombinant von Willebrand factor fragment as an antagonist of the platelet glycoprotein Ib receptor.

The binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib receptor is one of the initial events in thrombus formation. Previous studies have shown that RG12986, a reduced and alkylated recombinant fragment of vWF (Ser445-Val733), can inhibit binding of native vWF to GP Ib and offers potential as an anti-thrombotic agent. We have now evaluated a series of deletion mutants of RG12986 and found that reduced and alkylated rvWF508-704 is close to the minimal sequence with optimal RG12986-like activity (IC50 for inhibition of GP Ib-dependent platelet aggregation in the absence of modulators: 0.022 microM +/- 0.01, n = 3) and that it too binds directly to GP Ib. Under in vitro conditions, with no exogenous modulators present and in the absence of shear stress, oxidized rvWF508-704 (containing a disulfide bond between Cys508 and Cys659) is approximately 5-fold less active than reduced and alkylated rvWF508-704; the two fragments, however, display comparable activity in the presence of the modulator botrocetin. The smaller rvWF508-704 fragment offers distinct advantages over RG 12986. In particular, removal of non-active NH2 and COOH terminal sequences may reduce the risk of antigenicity and may contribute to rendering the molecule mostly monomeric in solution, as opposed to the monomer-dimer equilibrium previously described for RG12986.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder by psychosurgery.

We report a longitudinal study of 26 patients with medically intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who were treated with psychosurgery and had a comprehensive follow-up for a mean 10 years. Seventeen patients had combined orbitomedial and cingulate lesions, 6 cingulate lesions only and 3 orbitomedial lesions only. Eighteen patients were interviewed personally and lesions verified on magnetic resonance imaging scans in fourteen. On a 6-point global rating scale, 10 (38%) patients had obvious improvement, another 6 (23%) showed mild improvement of doubtful clinical value, and the remaining 10 showed either no change (n = 6; 23%) or were judged to be worse (n = 4; 15%). Both obsessive and compulsive symptoms improved, and this change was independent of the changes in anxiety and depression scores. No significant predictors of improvement were identified. Patients with cingulate lesions only fared worse. Eight patients who had a second operation did not show much improvement. A comparison of a subgroup of patients with 10 matched nonsurgical OCD controls supported the contention that the improvement in OCD was attributable to the psychosurgery. Important adverse effects in the stereotactic surgery group (n = 20) were epilepsy (1 patient) and personality change (2 patients). The psychosurgery group performed relatively poorly on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test but did not show any deterioration in Wechsler Intelligence and Memory scores.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Role of MR imaging of middle third esophageal carcinoma in determining resectability.

Twenty-one patients with middle third esophageal carcinoma were prospectively evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the resectability of the primary tumor. For 8 of the 21 patients, contrast medium was administered during the procedure. Evidences of aortic or tracheobronchial invasion shown on MRI were compared with surgico-pathologic findings, as well as mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Eleven patients (52%) had proved unresectable tumors (three cases of aortic invasion, five cases of tracheobronchial invasion and three cases of combined aortic and tracheobronchial invasion). In all eleven cases, these features were correctly detected by MRI. Two patients had false-positive findings on MRI. No patient had false-negative results. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 80%, and 90% for MRI. Unsatisfactory results were obtained in evaluation of regional lymph node metastasis. Only two tumors in eight patients had good enhancement after contrast medium was given. We conclude MRI had a high accuracy in predicting resectability of tumors in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Acute lobar nephronia: a case report.

Acute lobar nephronia (ALN), a term analogous to acute lobar pneumonia, refers to a renal mass caused by acute focal infection without liquefaction. An alternative term is acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN). Fever, flank pain or back pain are the most frequently encountered clinical characteristics. Imaging modalities used to establish a definite diagnosis of acute lobar nephronia included sonography, computed tomography and nuclear medicine. Uroradiographic findings in this condition can mimic a renal abscess or neoplasm. Further distinction between acute lobar nephronia and other renal masses is aided by the appropriate use of renal sonography and computerized tomography is the most effective and least costly method in diagnosis. Serial sonograms can be used to monitor response to antibiotic therapy. Clinical and uroradiographic characteristics of a six year-old female patient with acute lobar nephronia are presented, along with a review of literature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Congenital tracheal stenosis: a report of two cases.

Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is a rare, potentially lethal condition. Two cases were diagnosed in this hospital between 1986 and 1992. Diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy and radiography. These two cases were noted to have symptoms of airway obstruction after an infectious process. Their outcomes were quite different. The first patient, a victim of CTS diagnosed at two years old, still lives well and has been asymptomatic for subsequent six years, though he has received no surgical intervention. The second patient, a three-month-old female, exhibited an exacerbation after bronchoscopy and died in spite of intensive care. Prompt recognition of symptoms and a thorough evaluation of airway, as well as other anomalies, is essential for proper management of children with CTS. The diagnostic modalities, management and risk factors are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

[Sonographic patterns and pathological correlation of neuroblastoma].

This study prospectively correlated pathological findings with sonographic results in two cases of neuroblastoma, and retrospectively analyzed the sonographic pattern of neuroblastomas encountered in our hospital in past years. Prospectively, among the five pathologically proved neuroblastomas, only two received operation. The removed specimens were scanned by high resolution ultrasound, and selected areas were guided by a needle for pathological correlation. Pathologically, the hyperechoic region represented tumor necrosis, hemorrhage and calcifications, as well as hypercellularity and irregular arrangement of the neurofilaments. The hypoechoic areas showed less cellularity with loose tumor cells. No pseudorosette formation was noted. In the retrospective study, 26 neural crest tumors were collected, but only 14 cases received sonographic examination. The most common sonographic findings were heterogenous mixed pattern (65%) and heterogenous hyperechoic pattern (21%). Eleven cases showed calcifications. Two cases presented with echogenic lobule. Most of the tumors were larger than 8 cm, ill-defined and grew across the midline (73%). Sonography is advantageous for diagnosis of abdominal mass in children and might be helpful in differentiating neuroblastomas from other tumors.

Adolescent↗