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Biomedical subjects

T Lee

Publications and source records attributed to T Lee.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Isoniazid prophylactic therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive patients--a least-cost analysis.

The expected upsurge in the number of new cases of tuberculosis resulting from the HIV/AIDS epidemic prompted an examination of the feasibility of prevention strategies to limit the increase in clinical tuberculosis. A computer spreadsheet model was developed to estimate the costs and benefits that would result from isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis in a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 HIV-seropositive people in South Africa over a period of 8 years. At a 50% prevalence of tuberculosis infection among those at high background risk, and 5-10% among those at low risk, there would have been 34,000 cases of active tuberculosis in the cohort and their contacts if no prophylactic therapy had been used. On the other hand, a chemoprophylaxis policy would have meant only 12,200 cases of tuberculosis, if a patient compliance rate of 68.5% had been assumed. Such a policy would have prevented 21,800 cases of active tuberculosis. The estimated total discounted cost of a chemoprophylaxis programme would have been R51.3 million. In the absence of preventive therapy the discounted cost of treating patients with active tuberculosis would have been R91.9 million over the 8-year period. Therefore, if the benefits of chemoprophylaxis were defined in terms of averted health care costs, such a policy would have resulted in net savings of R40.6 million. This study did not estimate losses in production associated with tuberculosis treatment or the value of preventing tuberculosis per se, though such indirect costs would have increased the benefit of the prevention programme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1995

Steroid and asparaginase-induced hyperlipidemia in leukemia.

A case presentation of a ten year old girl diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is described. Following her combination chemotherapy regimen with steroids and asparaginase, a most interesting development of hyperlipidemia of the blood plasma and lipemia retinalis was noted.

Asparaginase↗
PubMed1995

Ultrasonographic evaluation of multicystic dysplastic kidney.

Eleven cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in children were diagnosed over an 11 year period. All underwent postnatal ultrasound (US) studies. Four different patterns of MCDK were recognized: (1) Six cases presented with the classic sonogram of multicystic components. (2) Three cases had hydronephrotic form; correct diagnosis between hydronephrotic form of MCDK and hydronephrosis was difficult as there was a medially-located, large, lobulated cyst and there was connection between the large cyst and neighboring small cysts. (3) One case initially presented with normal renal sonogram but a small cyst appeared on follow up sonogram and there was also decreased renal size and increased echogenecity. (4) One case had only two moderate-sized cysts but no identifiable renal parenchyma. Two cases had follow-up US examination and one dysplastic kidney decreased in renal size on follow-up sonogram. Intravenous urography and radionuclide study revealed both these dysplastic kidneys to be nonfunctioning. Nine children had surgical resection of the diseased kidneys. Contralateral renal anomalies were detected in five children, which included ureteropelvic junction stenosis, ureterovesical junction stenosis, distal ureteral stenosis and polycystic kidney disease. Two of three hydronephrotic forms of MCDK had contralateral ureteral stenosis. Two of six classic forms of MCDK had contralateral ureteral stenosis. The proportion of contralateral ureteral stenosis was higher in the group of hydronephrotic forms of MCDK. Ultrasonography is beneficial for conclusive diagnosis of MCDK; however, a differential diagnosis of simple hydronephrosis needs to be considered.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Differences in haemagglutination activity and electrophoretic mobility of E protein between the parent SA14 and attenuated vaccine SA14-14-2 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus.

E protein characteristics of the attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus strain SA(A) derived from the live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 were compared with those of the virulent strain SA(V). SA(A) showed lower haemagglutination (HA) activity with broader optimum pH range of HA reaction than SA(V), and the E protein of SA(A) had slower electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) than that of SA(V). These properties of SA(A) E protein appear to be caused by eight amino acid changes found in the E protein coding region of the SA(A) virus genome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma: clinicopathological features and results of hepatic resection.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify clinicopathological features and surgical results in patients with well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (wd-HCC) corresponding to Edmondson's cell grading I/I-II. METHODS: The clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, and results of surgery were studied in 14 wd-HCC patients who underwent limited hepatic resection. RESULTS: All patients had liver cirrhosis and solitary tumors. The tumor sizes ranged from 10 to 25 mm. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were normal in 13 patients. The detection rates of sonography, computed tomography (CT), angiography, CT during arterial portography, 1-wk lipiodol CT, and 3-wk lipiodol CT were 100%, 43%, 36%, 69%, 57%, and 0%, respectively. High echoic pattern on sonography and disappearance of lipiodol 3 wk after injection were characteristic findings. There was no operative death. Although seven patients developed intrahepatic tumor recurrence, early treatment including ethanol injection therapy and arterial embolization/infusion therapy controlled the recurrences in five patients. Eleven patients are surviving 25-83 mo after surgery (mean, 44 mo); the remaining three died of pneumonia or hepatic insufficiency 44-62 mo after surgery. Eight patients received successful direct interruption surgery for concurrent esophagocardia varices. Pathological features of wd-HCCs included lack of tumor invasiveness or capsule, nuclear crowding, microacinar formation, fat deposition, presence of portal tracts, and surrounding adenomatous hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: Wd-HCCs present atypical findings in various imagings and histology because of the earlier developmental stage of HCCs. Hepatic resection for wd-HCCs provides excellent patient survival.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

Immune response in mice infected with the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain SA14-14-2.

We characterized protective immune response in mice infected with the attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain SA(A) derived from the live JE vaccine strain SA14-14-2. In the sera of mice infected with SA(A), antibodies to JEV envelope (E) and non-structural NS1 proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and neutralization, haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI), and complement fixation (CF) antibodies were detected by serological tests. Production of antibody to NS1 protein strongly indicated peripheral growth of SA(A) in mice and its growth induced the immune response. A single immunization with SA(A) significantly protected mice against lethal intracerebral (ic) challenge with the virulent SA(V) strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Species difference in the modulatory effect of kappa agonist on 5-HT release from ground squirrel and rat hippocampus.

Inclusion of the kappa agonist U50488 in the perifusion medium enhanced K(+)-stimulated 5-HT release from ground squirrel hippocampal slices, but reduced 5-HT outflow in both young and old rats' hippocampal slices. The stimulatory effect of U50488 on 5-HT release from ground squirrel hippocampus was not significantly attenuated by the non-specific opioid antagonist naloxone (10(-5) M), but was completely reversed by the specific kappa antagonist nor-BNI (10(-6)M), and the voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker TTX (10(-6)M). In contrast, the inhibitory effect of U50488 on 5-HT release from the young rat hippocampus was attenuated by naloxone (10(-6)M), but not by nor-BNI (10(-6)M) or TTX (10(-6)M). These results illustrate a significant species difference in the modulatory effect of opioids on neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1994

Treatment response with transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.

One hundred and two patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated by transurethral radio-frequency thermotherapy (TURT) device (Thermex-II, Direx, Israel) with 47.5 degrees C in single session for 2 hours and 30 minutes from November 1992 to October 1993. Among them, 83 patients, who were followed up for more than 3 months were included in this study. Twenty-seven (32.5%) patients had a history of acute retention. Pretreated values of the mean Madsen-Iversen symptom score, maximum urine flow rate, postvoiding residual urine volume, prostate volume and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were 15.4, 6.5 ml/sec, 61.3ml, 43.2ml and 0.77 ng/ml respectively. Madsen-Iversen symptom score, maximum urine flow rate were measured at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after TURT. The residual urine volume, prostate volume and PSA level were measured at 3 and 6 months after TURT. During the follow up, the symptom score started to decrease significantly at 1 month (9.9, p < 0.01) after TURT, and gradually decreased up to 6.9 at 3 months. The maximum flow rate showed initial significant improvement at 2 weeks (8.1 ml/sec., p < 0.01), but no significant interval change was observed thereafter. The residual volume decreased significantly at 3 months (41.3 ml, p < 0.01) and no decrement was noted until 6 months. Neither the prostate volume nor PSA value changed significantly at 3 or 6 months after TURT. The improvement, which was defined as a change of 50% or more in at least one of subjective or objective symptoms showed in 63.9% (53/83) at 3 months and 57.1% (32/56) at 6 months. Both subjective and objective improvements at 3 and 6 months after treatment showed in 24.1% and 19.6%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗