Observation of spin-aligned secondary fragment beams of 14B.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kubo
Publications and source records attributed to T Kubo.
An evaluation of the pelvic score by the quantification theory for categorical data.
The scoring system for pelvic examination used in Tsukuba University Hospital was evaluated by the quantification theory to investigate the precision in predicting the date of labor onset. The objects of this study were 137 nulliparous gravidae and 142 multiparous gravidae who had spontaneous onset of labor at full-term. In this analysis, we used 15 categories of findings in the examination as independent variables, and as the objective variable we used the interval from the examination to the labor onset. The multiple correlation coefficients in nulliparae was 0.593 and in multiparae 0.598. The following conclusions were reached concerning the assessment of labor onset: (1) The consistency of the cervix and the engagement of the vertex in nulliparous gravidae should be given more consideration. (2) In multiparous gravidae the dilatation of the cervix and the engagement of the vertex are important factors. (3) A different scoring system should be employed for both nulliparae and multiparae.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Effects of hypogastric nerve and sympathetic chain stimulation on the pelvic nerve induced penile erection in the dog.
The effects of electrical stimulation of hypogastric nerve and sympathetic chain on 'electroerection' (penile erection induced by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve) were studied in dogs to clarify the physiological roles that these neural inputs may play in producing and/or maintaining penile erection. As an objective parameter of hemodynamics of the penile circulation, the pressure in the corpus cavernosum of the penis was measured. Hypogastric nerve electrostimulation was performed in 24 dogs who had received pelvic nerve stimulation and, therefore, had 'electroerection'. Ten dogs responded to this procedure with an augmentation of 'electroerection', 10 with an attenuation of 'electroerection', and 4 with no appreciable changes. 4 out of the 10 animals who exhibited an attenuation response were then given an alpha 1-adrenergic blocker (prazosin hydrochloride) prior to the electrical stimulation to evaluate the specificity of the effects of the hypogastric nerve stimulation. In 3 of the 4 dogs the attenuation effect was abolished by this treatment and instead an augmentation effect became evident. Sympathetic chain electrostimulation was performed in 6 dogs with 'electroerection'. When applied to the L4-5 interganglionic segment, it produced a biphasic response which consisted of an initial increase followed by a decrease of the intracorporeal pressure. In contrast, stimulation of the L2-3 interganglionic segment produced a monophasic response consisting of only augmentation of the intracorporeal pressure. These data suggested that there might be two groups of fibers in the hypogastric nerve and sympathetic chain which are functioning antagonistically, and that the anti-erectile neural inputs are mediated primarily by the alpha 1-adrenergic system. To examine the sites of penile vasculature where the innervating hypogastric nerve exerts its effects, electrical pelvic/hypogastric nerve stimulations were performed in dogs in whom the inflow blood circulation to the corpora cavernosa was disrupted by arterial ligation and replaced by a constant saline infusion. It appears that the stimulatory input via the hypogastric nerve caused an increased blood flow into the cavernous space due to vasodilation of the inflow blood vessels, and the inhibitory effect occurred mainly due to relaxation of the draining blood vessels with a resultant increase of the blood outflow from the cavernous space.
Animals↗
Action potential of the intramural ureter in the dog.
In 33 adult mongrel dogs, the function of the intramural ureter was investigated. (A) Bipolar electrodes were placed in both the extravesical ureter and the intramural ureter. Then, an electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from two leads. (B) Cystotomy was performed, needle-type electrodes were inserted into the wall of the ureteral orifice and the extravesical ureter, and the EMG was recorded. (C) A special needle which could record EMG and measure pressure simultaneously was prepared. Then EMG and pressure measurements were recorded from the wall of the intramural ureter. In each experiment, action potentials were recorded from the intramural ureter that were similar to those from the extravesical ureter. The pressure in the wall of the intramural ureter showed variations matching the action potentials. From these results, it was evident that active muscle contraction occurred due to the action potential transmitted from the extravesical ureter even in the intramural ureter.
Action Potentials↗
Analysis of saccadic eye movements using an infrared video system in human subjects.
Horizontal and vertical saccades were recorded and quantitatively analyzed with an infrared video recording system in 6 normal human subjects. Peak and mean saccade velocities increased exponentially as the amplitude increased. Peak velocity of horizontal saccade was significantly larger than that of vertical saccade (p less than 0.05, ANOVA test). On the other hand, duration and latency showed a linear relationship with saccade amplitude. Latency was constant (i.e. 0.21 s) irrespective of saccade amplitude in the regular eye tracking mode; however, latency slightly increased as the amplitude became larger in the randomized eye tracking mode. As a result, a slight positive correlation could be found between saccade amplitude and latency: r = 0.50 and 0.35 in horizontal and vertical saccades, respectively.
Adult↗
Evoked otoacoustic emissions from ears with idiopathic sudden deafness.
Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOEs) were examined in ears with idiopathic sudden deafness (ISD) at an early stage after onset and were compared with those in ears with long-standing sensorineural hearing losses of unknown etiology (SHLUE). In ears with SHLUE, EOEs were not recordable from ears with a hearing loss exceeding 35 dB at minimum hearing level of 4 audiometric frequencies: 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz (4 MHL). On the other hand, although 4 MHLs were greater than 35 dB in most of the ears, EOEs could be detected in about one-half of the ears with ISD, and, moreover, the majority of these EOE detectable ears showed a good hearing prognosis in spite of the degree of hearing loss. There was, however, no correlation between EOE threshold and degree of hearing recovery. From these results it seems that EOE testing might be clinically applicable for predicting whether or not hearing loss due to ISD can be recovered.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Frequency analysis of evoked otoacoustic emissions.
Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOEs) were examined in 8 normal hearing ears without spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOEs), and the frequency of the first 10 ms after appearance of the EOE response wave was analyzed, dividing it into the first 5 ms half (First half A) and the last 5 ms half (Last half B). In the First half A, the peak frequency of the power spectrum tended to match the stimulus frequency, but in the Last half B, the peak frequency tended to be constant and moreover, it tended to match the frequency at which EOE can best be recorded. These findings suggest that each ear has its own characteristic EOE frequency.
Cochlea↗
Autoregulation of inner ear blood flow in normal and hydropic guinea pigs.
Inner ear and brainstem blood circulation was measured by three different techniques: the laser Doppler (LD), hydrogen clearance (HC) and oxygen tension (PO2) measurements, while systemic blood pressure (BP) was modulated by norepinephrine infusion or removal of whole blood. Results were as follows: (i) The blood flow (BF) change determined by LD correlated well with that measured by HC and PO2 techniques; (ii) BF in the brainstem was maintained constant in the BP range of 35 to 80 mmHg; however, inner ear BF showed a poor autoregulatory function relative to the change of systemic BP; (iii) although the change of BF was similar for cochlea and semicircular canal the amount of PO2 decrease for lowered BP was significantly less in the cochlea than in the canal; (iv) in guinea pigs with unilaterally obliterated endolymphatic sac and duct, the decrease in cochlear BF was larger on the operated side than on the intact side. This suggests that the autoregulatory function for BF is impaired in the hydropic ear.
Animals↗
Chronological study of recovery of sudden deafness treated with defibrinogenation and steroid therapies.
The time courses of hearing recovery resulting from two types of treatment of sudden deafness patients, defibrinogenation (DF) therapy and betamethazone (BM) therapy, were analyzed and compared. A paired double-blind comparative study was performed on 168 patients. The average hearing level was 79.2 dBHL in the DF therapy group (n = 82) and 82.3 dBHL in the BM therapy group (n = 86). The DF group showed significantly better hearing 1 week after start of treatment at frequencies of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kHz. After 2 weeks of treatment, the average hearing level for the frequency range of 0.25-4 kHz was 47.0 dBHL with DF therapy and 55.8 dBHL with BM therapy. Thus, the DF group still showed better hearing than the BM group (p less than 0.10, t-test), but not as significantly as after 1 week. It is concluded that therapy for increasing blood circulation is important in the early phase of sudden deafness, especially for hearing loss in the low to middle frequency range.
Analysis of Variance↗
[Ureteral function at the ureterovesical junction. Action potentials of the canine intramural ureter during bladder filling or bladder contraction].
The relationship between bladder movements and the intramural ureter was studied in the dog by recording electromyograms of the intramural and extravesical ureters recorded during bladder filling and contraction. Bladder filling was achieved by instilling physiological saline at a rate of 10 ml/min to a volume of 5 ml/kg, while bladder contraction was induced by electrical stimulation. For electromyography, an electrode was inserted transperitoneal into both the extravesical ureter and the intramural ureter after it had been separated from the extravesical ureter. A cystostomy for the instillation of water and another cystostomy for the measurement of intravesical pressure were also made in the bladder. During bladder filling at an intravesical pressure of about 10 cmH2O, the frequency of the action potentials in the intramural ureter showed no significant difference to those in the extravesical ureter. In addition, during bladder contraction at a greatly increased intravesical pressure of about 5 times the precontraction level, the frequency of the action potentials in the intramural ureter was not significant by different from those in the extravesical ureter, and also from its own precontraction value. The above findings suggest that action potentials in the intramural ureter are not affected by bladder movements such as filling or contraction, and that the ureter continues to actively transport urine to the bladder during such movements.
Action Potentials↗
[Clinicopathological and histochemical studies of linitis plastica type gastric cancer with special reference to early gastric cancer in the region of the fundic gland].
Early gastric cancer in the region of the fundic gland was found to occur predominantly in women. Many lesions of this type were identified in the posterior wall of the middle portion of the stomach. Histologically, the lesions were classified as poorly differentiated carcinomas in all cases of early cancer. In 9 patients with cancer of linitis plastica type having IIc lesions located in the region of the fundic gland, the tumor focus was also in posterior wall of the middle portion of the stomach. Giant folds were present diffusely in all other portions of the gastric mucosa in these latter cases. These cases also had diffuse infiltration of cancer cells into the submucosa, muscle layer and extraserosal regions. Histologically, the lesions were classified in all cases of linitis plastica type as poorly differentiated carcinomas including signet ring cells. Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) and sialic acid were histochemically detected in the interstitial tissues of early gastric carcinomas and linitis plastica type gastric cancers. The AMPS digestion rates were higher for early cancer tissue. The present results support the hypothesis that early gastric cancer in the region of the fundic gland may occur in conditions favoring tumor growth and may develop into cancer of linitis plastica type.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Seroepidemiological study of herpes viruses in Nepal.
The antibody positive rates among Nepalese, in a community, to herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were studied. Immune adherence hemagglutination test (for VZV) and complement fixation test (for HSV and CMV) were used to measure the antibodies. An 80% positive rate of anti-HSV antibodies was found in early childhood (1-4 years) that further increased with age (96.1% positive in greater than 15 years age). Only 25% of children 1-4 years old showed antibodies to VZV but the number of positives increased rapidly with age (82.9% in greater than 15 years age). Antibody against CMV was positive in all the subjects studied.
Adolescent↗
Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate containing neurons in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat.
Using antisera raised against excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate fixed to carrier proteins and purified by affinity chromatography, localization of glutamate in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat was studied. Within the rostral portion of the ventrolateral medulla, glutamate-like immunoreactive neurons were found in the lateral wing of the raphe magnus and in the region of the paragigantocellular reticular nucleus. In the caudal portion of the ventrolateral medulla, glutamate-positive neurons were clustered within the nucleus reticularis lateralis and a lesser number of stained neurons were scattered in the region around this nucleus. Glutamate-immunoreactive neurons were found in the nucleus tractus solitarius at the level of the area postrema. They were densely distributed especially in the medial subdivision of the nucleus whereas other subdivisions contained considerable glutamate positive cells. These results provide immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of glutamate-containing neurons in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat.
Animals↗
[A case of fetal triploidy associated with low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein].
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Adult↗
[Studies on a slow releasing anticancer agent for prevention of peritoneal recurrence of advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas (experimental study)].
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Animals↗
[Epidermal growth factor in the urine of patients with renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor].
We evaluated the concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) in urine samples from 14 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 16 patients with bladder tumor and 43 non-malignant controls by using radioimmunoassay. In the non-malignant controls, urinary EGF excretion significantly decreased with age (r = -0.46, p less than 0.01), and females excreted significantly more EGF than males [16.3 +/- 7.6 and 9.9 +/- 6.0 (mean +/- SD) ng/mg.creatinine; p less than 0.05]. There was no significant difference between urinary EGF excretion in the patients with renal cell carcinoma and non-malignant controls matched for sex and age (15.9 +/- 12.0 and 14.5 +/- 7.9 ng/mg.creatinine). The difference in excretion of EGF between the patients with bladder tumor and non-malignant controls also was not significant (9.9 +/- 5.6 and 11.7 +/- 7.0 ng/mg.creatinine). These findings indicate, that urine EGF has little usefulness as a tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor.
Adult↗
Localization of regenectin in regenerates of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) legs.
The localization of regenectin, a sucrose-binding C-type lectin, in the regeneration of the cockroach leg was investigated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. Regenectin was found to appear transiently around developing muscle cells in regenerating legs in the late stage of regeneration. With maturation of the muscles, it disappeared and was not detectable in completely regenerated legs. These findings suggest that regenectin is a cementing substance connecting developing muscle cells. Regenectin was not detected in embryos or nymphal legs at various developmental stages, suggesting that it might not be involved in normal development of embryos and legs.
Animals↗
[A case of replacement ileocystoplasty for contracted bladder].
The patient was a 49-year-old male. He had a history of asymptomatic hematuria that had occurred 3 years previously. The hematuria and pollakisuria developed again from about March, 1989, and he was hospitalized for bladder tamponade in April. Bilateral percutaneous nephrostomies were performed because a contracted bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis were detected. He was then admitted to our hospital on June 21. The cause of the contracted bladder was not evident, despite extensive examination. A replacement ileocystoplasty constructed by Shishido's method was used to replace the contracted bladder. A U-shape pouch was prepared by detubularization of 25 cm of the ileum and this pouch was anastomosed to the incised end of the bladder neck after subtotal cystectomy. The ureter and ileum were then anastomosed using Coffey's method. The bladder capacity and the maximum urinary flow rate after 1 year were 350 ml and 13 ml/sec, respectively, and residual urine was not noted after urination even following abdominal pressure. Urinary incontinence was not noted either.
Humans↗