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Biomedical subjects

T Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to T Kubo.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Early cancer of the gastric remnant--with special emphasis on the importance of follow-up of gastrectomized patients.

Seven patients with early cancer of the gastric remnant (group 1) and nine with gastric remnant cancer which developed after surgery for early gastric cancer (group 2), were studied clinicopathologically. The findings can be summarized as follows: In group 1, the majority of cases were classified as type I by gross type. Most lesions were in the posterior wall of the remnant stomach. All lesions were differentiated carcinomas. In group 2, of the nine early gastric tumors resected at the initial surgery, six were present at site A and three at site M. The gross type of the tumor was varied. Six patients underwent a Billroth II, and two a Billroth I, resection. The findings at the second operation (for gastric remnant cancer) showed that five lesions were located in the gastric stump or anastomosed region and four in the posterior or anterior wall of the remnant stomach. Histologically, the lesions included four undifferentiated and five differentiated carcinomas. Of the nine lesions involving the gastric remnant, only two were at an early stage, the remaining seven being at an advanced stage. The outcome was extremely poor in this group. Many of the patients died of carcinomatous peritonitis. In summary, a large percentage of the patients of group 1 had a type I lesion in the remnant stomach. In group 2, more than half of the lesions were located in the gastric stump or at the site of the anastomosis, and the majority of the lesions were at an advanced stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-I associated gastric lymphoma.

A large gastric lymphoma was detected in a 42-year-old woman who was seropositive for HTLV-I. The tumor was histologically shown to be of diffuse large cell type, and phenotypic analysis revealed high expression of CD3 and CD4, indicative of a helper/inducer type of T-cell lymphoma. In Southern blot analyses, the tumor cells showed T-cell receptor re-arrangement and contained proviral DNA of HTLV-1.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Fetal hemodynamics assessed by transvaginal color flow mapping during the first and early second trimesters].

The present study has been carried out to evaluate the usefulness of transvaginal color flow mapping in the assessment of fetal hemodynamics during the first and early second trimesters. Forty normal fetuses were examined by transvaginal color flow mapping from 12 to 20 weeks of gestation. Maximum velocity in the transmitral (MVmax), transtricuspid (TVmax), transaortic (AVmax), fetal descending aorta (Vmax) and fetal internal carotid artery (ICVmax) was assessed. The systolic/diastolic ratio and pulsatility index (PI) of umbilical artery was also assessed. The detection rates for the fetal and umbilical flow velocity waveforms were 42.5%-85.0%. In particular, intracardiac blood flow velocity was easy to detect by transvaginal color flow mapping. The Vmax, ICVmax, MVmax, TVmax and AVmax increased significantly with advancing gestation in the normal fetuses. The TVmax was lower than the MVmax during the first and early second trimesters. Transvaginal color flow mapping studies can improve the understanding of the characteristics of fetal blood flow during the first and second early trimesters. Thus it seems to be useful in making an accurate antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease earlier.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1992

[Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: 3 case reports].

We report 3 cases of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, which is an uncommon neoplasm consisting of a typical renal cell carcinoma associated intimately with a sarcomatoid component. All patients were symptomatic at hospitalization and underwent nephrectomy. Two patients died of metastatic renal cancer within a year, and another is alive without evidence of metastasis for 12 months after the surgery. Because sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma has a highly malignant behavior and poor prognosis, an adjuvant treatment effective in controlling the disease is awaited.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-6 supports human megakaryocytic proliferation and differentiation in vitro.

The effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on cells of human megakaryocyte (MK) lineage from cord blood was explored. In semisolid colony assays containing human plasma, a greater number of both MK colonies and cells per colony was seen in the presence of IL-6 and IL-3 than in the presence of IL-3 alone. This stimulatory effect of IL-6, observed on both small and large MK colonies, was completely eliminated by the addition of anti-IL-6 antibody to the culture. IL-6 alone had no effect on MK colony formation. In the primary culture, MKs showed larger cell size and DNA content in the presence of both IL-3 and IL-6 than IL-3 alone. The replating experiments using immature MKs grown in the presence of IL-3 showed that IL-6 significantly augmented both cell size and DNA content. This effect was also neutralized by an anti-IL-6 antibody. IL-3 had no tangible effect on MK differentiation. Synergism between IL-6 and IL-3 on MK differentiation was not confirmed. These results suggest that IL-6 is a synergistic factor in the proliferation of MK progenitors and a direct effector of differentiation of immature MKs on in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1991

Naloxone affects both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine. Application of direct correlation analysis.

Direct correlation analyses between the distribution of morphine (pharmacokinetics) and the biochemical effects of the drug on monoamine metabolism (pharmacodynamics) are reported for dissected regions of the brain. Determinations of morphine and monoamine-related substances were carried out in the same sample by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Naloxone, an antagonist of morphine, significantly shortened the biological half lives of morphine in both the blood and brain tissue. Such pharmacokinetic behavior appeared to be related to the contractive effect of morphine on the bile duct, and naloxone facilitated the excretion of morphine via this route. In the striatum, significant correlations were observed between the concentrations of the metabolites of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and morphine with a shift to the right in the concentration-response curve on naloxone treatment indicating competitive antagonism. While significant correlations were also observed in this brain region for the metabolites of noradrenaline, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG), and 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a shift to the right did not occur. Significant correlations and shifts were noted for DOPAC, HVA and MOPEG in the hypothalamus. However, no correlation was found between the concentrations of 5-HIAA and morphine in this region. In other regions such as the hippocampus and medulla oblongata, similar correlations and shifts were not observed for MOPEG and 5-HIAA or for DOPAC and HVA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Novel muteins of human tumor necrosis factor alpha.

For chemical synthesis of a gene coding for human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), DNA sequence predicted by the amino acid sequence of human TNF molecule was prepared. Codons were chosen according to the codon usage in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The 490 bp gene was assembled by enzymic ligation of 42 oligonucleotides and was cloned into a vector (pKK223-3) for high expression of active TNF-alpha in E. coli. With use of site-directed mutagenesis on this DNA, five different muteins of TNF-alpha were synthesized. TNF-M1 and TNF-M4 have deletions of His-73 and Gln-102, respectively. These deletions didn't cause loss of the cytotoxic activity against L929 cells. TNF-M5, which has a substitution of Asp-10 to Arg, had the similar cytotoxic activity to that of TNF-alpha. The cytotoxic spectra against several tumor cells were not changed by this substitution. TNF-M3 has an amino acid substitution of Glu-116 to His which occupies this position in human TNF-beta. This substitution didn't change the cytotoxicity. In addition, evidence was presented that the change of the carboxyl terminal residue doesn't always influence the cytotoxic activity of TNF-alpha. Many different muteins were also isolated by random mutagenesis with hydroxylamine-HCl. One of the muteins, which carries a mutation of His-15 to Tyr, lost the cytotoxic activity almost completely.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Preferential deadenylation of Sarcophaga lectin mRNA during its acute phase expression.

The sizes of mRNAs of various defense proteins of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) were shown to become progressively shorter. We studied the shortening of the Sarcophaga lectin mRNA, because this mRNA shows acute phase expression on injury of the larvae and programmed expression in the pupal stage. Results showed that this mRNA underwent deadenylation when expressed in response to body injury, but no appreciable change in size during programmed expression in the pupal stage. During acute phase expression, the size of the poly(A) tail of the Sarcophaga lectin mRNA decreased from 130 bases to about 30 bases in 6 h. The half-lives of the forms with different sizes of poly(A) tail were almost identical.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats.

The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains vasodepressor neurons which, when activated, decrease vasomotor tone. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid receptors in the CVLM of the rat are involved in mediation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex, we microinjected amino acid antagonists unilaterally into the CVLM and examined their effects on the depressor response to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve which contains mainly baroreceptor afferent fibers in rats. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. To block reflex vagal effects, methylatropine (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously. Kynurenate (227 ng), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the CVLM markedly inhibited the depressor response to aortic nerve stimulation, while both injections produced a similar small increase in basal blood pressure. Muscimol (1 ng), a GABA receptor agonist, injected ipsilaterally into the CVLM partly inhibited the baroreflex response, while it produced a moderate increase in basal blood pressure. 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) (10 ng), a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and MK-801 (30 ng), a NMDA receptor channel blocker, partly inhibited the baroreflex response. MK-801 (30 ng) injected into the CVLM reduced the depressor response to the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (0.3 ng) but not to the quisqualate receptor agonist quisqualate (0.1 ng) and the kainate receptor agonist kainate (0.1 ng), while kynurenate (227 ng) inhibited the depressor response to all three excitatory amino acid receptor agonists. These findings provide further evidence for the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors involved in mediating the aortic baroreceptor reflex in the rat CVLM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed1991

Unilateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii produces an inhibition of baroreflexes in rats.

Excitatory amino acid receptors and L-glutamate in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) may be involved in the regulation of baroreceptor reflexes. To evaluate this hypothesis, we microinjected amino acid antagonists unilaterally into the rat NTS, and examined their effects on cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve and on depressor responses to excitatory amino acid agonists microinjected into the NTS. Male Wistar rats were anesthesized with urethane, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Kynurenate (227 ng), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the NTS, markedly inhibited the depressor response to aortic nerve stimulation. L-Glutamate diethylester (GDEE, 3 micrograms), another excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally into the NTS, also markedly inhibited both reflex depressor and bradycardic responses. MK-801 (30 ng), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blocker, slightly inhibited the baroreflex responses, while Joro spider toxin JSTX-3 (17 ng), a glutamate receptor antagonist, did not affect them. Kynurenate (227 ng) and GDEE (3 micrograms) markedly inhibited the depressor response to the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (0.3 ng), the quisqualate receptor agonist quisqualate (0.1 ng), the kainate receptor agonist kainate (0.1 ng), and L-glutamate (10 ng), microinjected into the NTS, while MK-801 (30 ng) reduced only the depressor response to NMDA (0.3 ng), and JSTX-3 (17 ng) reduced only the depressor response to kainate (0.1 ng). These findings provide evidence for the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors involved in mediating the aortic baroreceptor reflex in the rat NTS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A case of trisomy 21 with holoprosencephaly: the fifth case.

A case of trisomy 21 with holoprosencephaly, the fifth case in the literature, is described. The patient also had extracephalic malformations frequently associated with Down syndrome. The possibility of a causal relationship between trisomy 21 and holoprosencephaly is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Effect of 9-amino-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta-(b)-quinoline monohydrate hydrochloride (NIK-247) on cholinergic enzyme activity in rats.

An in vitro comparison demonstrated that the concentration of NIK-247 that inhibited cholinesterase (ChE) activities to half the normal level (ID50) was 1.3 x 10(-6) M. This value was higher than those for both physostigmine (PHY; 1.2 x 10(-7) M) and tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA; 3.6 x 10(-7) M), which are used as cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of cholinergic deficits. Neither NIK-247 nor THA affected the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). These inhibitions of ChE by NIK-247 and PHY lasted for 2 h, while that by THA lasted for over 4 h. In the effects of NIK-247 and PHY, the concentrations of intrastriatal acetylcholine (ACh) were changed in relation to the inhibition of the ChE activity. However, THA caused a transient increase in the ACh level lasting for only 2 h instead of inhibiting the enzyme activity for over 4 h. These findings suggest that NIK-247 is a drug with a similar profile in its effect on cholinergic neurons to PHY, the prototype drug among ChE inhibitors. The data indicate that NIK-247 may be useful as a drug for the treatment of central as well as peripheral deficits of the cholinergic mechanism.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Changes in expression of peptides in rat facial motoneurons after facial nerve crushing and resection.

In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to study changes in mRNAs coding neuropeptides such as alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta-CGRP, cholecystokinin (CCK) and galanin, in rat facial motoneurons following axotomy of the facial nerve. In control rats, 38%, 55% and 7% of the facial motoneurons expressed alpha-CGRP, beta-CGRP and CCK mRNAs, respectively. No galanin mRNA-containing motoneurons were observed in these animals. The levels of mRNA for alpha-CGRP, CCK and galanin were increased while the beta-CGRP mRNA level was decreased after axotomy. The levels of mRNAs for these peptides returned to the control values by 2-4 weeks after nerve crush, whereas nerve resection had more prolonged effects. Within 3-4 weeks after injury, nerve resection had greater effects on beta-CGRP, CCK and galanin mRNAs than did nerve crush. Thus, there appear to be differences in the regulation of mRNA expression of these peptides in axotomized motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of nerve crush and transection on mRNA levels for nerve growth factor receptor in the rat facial motoneurons.

We found that the level of nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R) mRNA in facial motoneurons was increased after both facial nerve crushing and transection by means of in situ hybridization histochemistry. The increased level of NGF-R mRNA was maintained for at least 8 weeks after facial nerve transection, while facial nerve crushing caused only a transient increase. Thus, expression of NGF-R mRNA paralleled the axonal regeneration process. In addition, the increase of NGF-R mRNA with crushing was more pronounced than with transection from the 3rd to the 14th day after the insult.

Animals↗