Mis-sense mutation Val----Ile in exon 17 of amyloid precursor protein gene in Japanese familial Alzheimer's disease.
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Alzheimer Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kojima
Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.
A new method for the determination of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.
A new method for the determination of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activity in human erythrocytes is described. APRT activity was assayed by a non-radiochemical method in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP metabolites produced from a substrate adenine were converted to inosine by alkaline phosphatase and adenosine deaminase. The inosine thus produced was quantitated by reversed phase HPLC. This method was simple, precise, sensitive and free from interference with other co-existing erythrocyte enzymes. Four patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis and others with several disorders in purine metabolism have been studied, showing that the present method is clinically useful for the diagnosis and the evaluation of the severity of some human diseases.
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
A case report of Zollinger Ellison syndrome and review of the literature.
There is much controversy concerning the mode of therapy for patients in whom Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is strongly suspected but a tumor can not be located. We recently experienced a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome presenting with melena in whom an attempt to stop the bleeding by H-2 antagonists failed and an emergency operation had to be carried out. At laparotomy, no tumor was found in the pancreas, duodenum or stomach wall and there was no specific swelling in any of the lymph nodes. A total gastrectomy was thus done with lymphadenectomy and a histopathological examination revealed two gastrinomas in the lymph nodes of the gastrinoma triangle. Postoperative secretin tests with 2 u/kg of secretin have been negative even 6.5 years later, and the patient is now well and working as a full time teacher. In this case, an emergency total gastrectomy was performed for uncontrolled bleeding, but we want to stress the importance of lymphadenectomy based on the findings of the frozen section and changes in gastrin levels.
Adult↗
The value of RI scintigraphy and angiography in small intestinal bleeding--report of eight cases.
We retrospectively reviewed eight cases of small intestinal bleeding and assessed the value of RI scintigraphy and angiography in diagnosing the bleeding site. The patients' average age was 56.2 years. Chief complaints was melena of variable degree. In most cases neither upper endoscopy nor colonoscopy was diagnostic. RI scintigraphy (Tc-99 labeled HSA) showed 75% of positive rate whereas angiography showed 66.7% (4/6) of positive rate. All four cases of leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma demonstrated hypervascular stain and/or extra-vasation in angiography whereas RI scintigraphy failed to detect active GI bleeding in 2 of the 4 cases. Therefore angiography was considered useful for the detection of bleeding from leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma which are often hypervascular. Scintigraphy is thought of most value in the demonstration of small amount of bleeding with minimum vascular abnormality.
Adult↗
Cystic endocrine tumor of the pancreas.
A large cystic tumor in the pancreatic body was found incidentally in an 85-yr-old male. A distal pancreatectomy was performed after a diagnosis of cystadenocarcinoma. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed a pancreatic cystic endocrine tumor; however, this tumor produced no symptoms. Immunohistochemical studies of the tumor cells showed positivity for gastrin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin, and two cell types of neurosecretory granules were recognized in electron-microscopic studies. Although endocrine tumors of the pancreas are usually solid and cystic change occurs only rarely, such tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who have a cystic lesion in the pancreas.
Aged↗
Gastric antral vascular ectasia.
A case of gastric antral vascular ectasia confined to the antrum in an elderly Japanese male patient is described. The condition is a cause of blood loss and chronic iron deficiency anemia, particularly in the elderly. The clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic findings, which were contrasted with other hyperplastic or gastric vascular abnormalities, are described.
Aged↗
Differences in the mode of lethality produced through intravenous and oral administration of organophosphorus insecticides in rats.
This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that mechanisms other than cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition account for the acute toxicity of organophosphorus insecticide. Both the P = O type insecticide (direct ChE inhibitors: chlorfenvinphos and dichlorvos) and the P = S type insecticide (indirect ChE inhibitors: diazinon and fenthion) were employed. Rats treated with lethal doses of intravenous and oral P = O type insecticides and oral P = S type insecticides exhibited typical signs of anti-ChE poisoning along with marked inhibition of brain and erythrocyte ChE activity. In contrast, rats given lethal doses of intravenous P = S type insecticides exhibited tonic convulsions and opisthotonos, with only slight inhibition of ChE activities. When P = O type insecticides were intravenously administered to anesthetized and conscious rats, animals exhibited typical anti-ChE poisoning signs in cardiorespiration: hypertension and apnea which were antagonized by atropine. After administration of lethal doses of P = O type insecticides, breathing disappeared before the cessation of heart beats. Rats receiving lethal doses of intravenous P = S type insecticides did not show hypertension, but exhibited transient cessation of breathing and heart beats. Breathing was observed after the disappearance of heart beats. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was characterized by spike and wave complexes. The EEG and cardiorespiratory changes were not antagonized by atropine. It was concluded that lethality following intravenous P = S type insecticides may be independent of ChE inhibition.
Administration, Oral↗
Carcinogenicity study of cochineal in B6C3F1 mice.
The carcinogenicity of cochineal, a red colouring used in food and other products, was studied in a 2-yr bioassay in B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50-55 mice of each sex were given 0, 3 or 6% cochineal in the diet for 2 yr. Mice of all groups developed tumours including hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas, pulmonary adenomas or adenocarcinomas and lymphomas or lymphatic leukaemias, and the incidences of these tumours were not significantly different in treated and control groups. The results indicate that cochineal lacks carcinogenicity in mice and are consistent with those of in vitro short-term assays of cochineal and of carminic acid, an active principle of cochineal.
Animals↗
Force-velocity relationship of human elbow flexors in voluntary isotonic contraction under heavy loads.
The force-velocity relationships of the human elbow flexors as one muscle in maximal voluntary contraction were determined using isotonic lever systems for seven men (19-38 yrs). The external loads used for the contraction weighed 0%, 20%, 40% 60%, 80% and 90% of maximum voluntary isometric force (Fo). The force and velocity were determined at an elbow angle of 90 degrees. The effect of the inertia of the forearm on the force was corrected using the angular acceleration of the forearm during an elbow flexion. The effect of muscular fatigue on the velocity during an elbow flexion was minimized by adjusting the initial elbow angle at the onset of the elbow flexion to the size of the load and reducing the time duration of the elbow flexion with a heavy load. Hill equation fitted fairly well to the force-velocity data observed in the experiments up to 90% Fo. The maximum isometric force predicted using Hill equation was larger by 6% (mean) than that observed in the experiments.
Adult↗
Inhibitory effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin on the naturally occurring carcinogen, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone in male ACI/N rats.
The effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin on 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (1-HA)-induced carcinogenesis was investigated in male ACI/N rats. Animals were fed the diet containing 1.5% 1-HA and simultaneously given indomethacin solution (16 p.p.m.) as drinking water for 48 weeks. The incidences of large bowel neoplasms (adenomas and adenocarcinomas) and forestomach (papillomas) in rats given 1-HA and indomethacin (large intestinal tumors: 0/14, 0%; forestomach tumors: 2/14, 14%) were significantly lower than those in rats given 1-HA alone (large intestinal tumors: 12/27, 44%; forestomach tumors: 14/27, 52%) (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01 respectively). Liver cell adenomas were developed in a rat given 1-HA and no liver tumors in rats treated with 1-HA and indomethacin. Altered liver cell foci were present in rats given 1-HA alone (18/27, 67%) and those given 1-HA and indomethacin (8/14, 57%), but no significant difference in the incidence between the two groups was found. Untreated animals and rats given indomethacin alone had no neoplasms in the large bowel, forestomach and liver. Thus, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin significantly inhibited carcinogenesis induced by the naturally occurring carcinogen, 1-HA.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Alterations of the nucleolar organizer regions during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinogenesis in rats.
The number of silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNORs) was enumerated in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat tongue lesions induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Male ACI/N rats were given 0 to 10 p.p.m. 4-NQO for 12, 20 or 36 weeks to induce hyperplasia, dysplasia and neoplasm in tongue. The mean numbers of AgNORs stained by a modified one-step silver colloid method in various epithelial lesions were as follows: normal squamous epithelium (n = 5), 1.52 +/- 0.03; non-lesional squamous epithelium (n = 5), 1.58 +/- 0.04; hyperplasia (n = 20), 1.84 +/- 0.15; dysplasia (n = 20), 2.32 +/- 0.12; papilloma (n = 6), 2.23 +/- 0.10; and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4), 3.06 +/- 0.26. Thus, the mean number of AgNORs showed a stepwise increase from untreated and treated, histologically normal squamous epithelium through hyperplasia and dysplasia to squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma, although the value of severe dysplasia was between those of papilloma and carcinoma. These results indicate that the mean number of AgNORs may reflect the proliferative nature of tongue lesions, as suggested in carcinogenesis of other organs, and also suggest that severe dysplasia is a direct precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue induced by 4-NQO.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
Long-term follow-up of a patient with lateral calcaneal flaps for bilateral posterior heel necrosis.
Lateral calcaneal flaps were used to cover the skin necrosis of bilateral posterior heels, and a favorable result was obtained. During the first 5 years after surgery, the patient enjoyed hiking as before and made favorable progress, having no trouble in the region covered with the flap and attaining sensory cortical reorientation soon after surgery. Paresthesia of donor sites was reduced in its extent and caused no difficulties in everyday life, but it remained after the lapse of 5 years. The medical record of this patient during the 5 years is reviewed, and we discuss the indications of a lateral calcaneal flap.
Burns↗
Subcutaneous pedicle hypothenar island flap.
The status of the blood supply to the hypothenar skin was investigated by anatomical and radiological studies. The investigation revealed that the hypothenar skin receives a rich blood supply from the arterial network by branches from the palmar ulnar artery of the little finger and the hypothenar branches. By making use of this abundance of vascular networking, a subcutaneous pedicle flap was obtained from this site. This method was clinically applied to 7 patients, and the procedures and advantages of the method are described.
Adolescent↗
Composite reconstruction for chest wall and scalp using multiple ribs-latissimus dorsi osteomyocutaneous flaps as pedicled and free flaps.
A composite flap is presented based on the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous unit together with the underlying ninth to eleventh ribs. Three patients are presented. In two, a full-thickness chest-wall defect was present. In one, a full-thickness scalp and cranial defect was present. Use of the composite osteomyocutaneous latissimus dorsi free flap as a pedicled flap in two patients and as a free flap in one patient resulted in successful definitive reconstruction in all with no complications. This procedure necessitates no transplantation of soft tissue prior to bone grafting to maintain local vascularity, so the simultaneous one-stage reconstruction of an osseous-soft-tissue defect becomes possible easily.
Adult↗
Double-layered free temporal fascia flap as a two-layered tendon-gliding surface.
We report the use of a two-layered free fascial flap consisting of temporoparietal and deep temporal fascia based on a single vascular pedicle, the superficial temporal artery and vein. The flap was used to reconstruct an extensive degloving injury of the dorsum of the hand, in which multiple intact extensor tendons lay fully exposed on all sides, with exposed bone beneath them. By sandwiching the tendons between the layers of vascularized fascia, gliding surfaces were provided, both superficial and deep to the exposed tendons. The single-stage reconstruction was completed with a split-thickness skin graft. The patient returned to heavy manual work within 12 weeks of injury. He obtained an excellent range of movement without the need for tenolysis.
Adult↗
cDNA clones of Japanese hepatitis C virus genomes derived from a single patient show sequence heterogeneity.
Twelve cDNA clones of Japanese hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been isolated from liver tissue of a single non-A, non-B hepatitis patient. These clones represented the non-structural domains of HCV. The degree of substitution in the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences between these clones was 9.5 and 7.7%, respectively. This high level of substitution suggested that repeated infections of different HCVs may have occurred in the patient.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
An electroencephalographic study on withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy.
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Anticonvulsants↗
Social adjustment of epileptic patients with psychiatric symptoms.
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Activities of Daily Living↗