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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The roles of histamine, leukotriene C4 and bradykinin on nasal vascular permeability in experimental nasal allergy of guinea pigs.

The releases of histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and bradykinin into the nasal cavity were measured following nasal antigenic challenge in ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs, or following nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators in OA-non-sensitized animals. In sensitized animals, increased vascular permeability of nasal mucosa was recognized immediately after antigenic stimulation and lasted for 90 minutes. The release of histamine into the nasal lavage fluid was observed only immediately after the antigenic stimulation. The releases of LTC4 and kinins into the nasal lavage fluid were augmented not only immediately after the antigenic challenge, but also 60 to 90 minutes after the stimulation. Nasal stimulation with one of these chemical mediators also increased nasal vascular permeability, but lasted for less than 40 minutes. These results suggest that the antigen-induced release of these chemical mediators might play some important roles in early increase of nasal vascular permeability, and that the increase of LTC4 and kinin levels might be involved in the prolonged nasal vascular permeability after nasal allergic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Trace analysis for drugs and poisons in human tissues].

Despite continuous developments of analytical techniques in terms of sensitivity and accuracy, uncountable increase in number of chemical substances are brought into the field of forensic sciences to be analyzed. Based on the idea that progress in analytical technique to cope with the change of situation is always required, a research team including 10 members was organized to set up the most advanced methods at present to analyze the important drugs and poisons in biological materials for forensic purposes. Stimulant drugs such as methamphetamine and amphetamine were studied on the improvement of extraction procedure prior to mass spectrometric analysis. A conventional solvent extraction method was replaced by an extraction technique using Extrelut column. The technical procedure was simplified and the accuracy of measurement was improved. The changes in CO-Hb concentration in the whole blood in storage was examined with regard to the lapse of time and temperature, where a differential spectrophotometry was used. Useful information could be obtained from practical aspects. Analytical conditions of gas chromatography were revised on volatiles including alcohols, especially as to column conditions. The use of capillary column was recommended for sensitivity and peak separation. The optimum conditions for detecting barbiturates in the blood were examined. The combination of Sep-pak C18 cartridge with a capillary column for gas chromatography using nitrogen phosphorus detection was found preferable. Mass spectrometry of various kinds of local anesthetics was studied. Quantitative analysis of the drugs was examined on gas chromatography with a surface ionization detector. Three types of insecticides including organophosphorus, chlorinated and fluorine compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in order to establish a sensitive and selective method. The detection limits, calibration and reproducibility were examined. Herbicide, paraquat, was examined on the sensitivity, recovery, required time and costs in connection with methods of pretreatment and analytical procedure. A secondary spectrophotometry was found useful practically. Antimony in biological tissues was analyzed, using a flameless atomic absorption spectrometer with carbon tube atomizer. The time for analysis was reduced, and sensitivity was improved. Immunoassay method was examined from general aspects on drugs and hormones. Using antibodies specific to haptens, the dynamics of such antigens as drugs and hormones in the body tissues were observed. Interfering substances at the time of toxicological analysis were checked in order to obtain reliable information. Exact identification was found possible by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. As described above, the research was made from the practical aspects of forensic toxicology, and meaningful results could be obtained from each study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of thinner components using the Curie-point pyrolyzer-gas chromatographic method in the tissues of a victim fatally poisoned].

A 43-year-old male was found dead in the trunk of his car which was filled with thinner vapor. Thinner components in the tissues were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with Curie-point pyrolyzer (Py-GC), and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The Py-GC method was able to analyze with very small materials. It was simple and quick but not as sensitive as the head-space gas chromatographic method. Toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes were detected in the tissues, and their presence was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in blood and the brain were 56.8, 6.8 and 4.5 micrograms/ml; and 203, 43.5 and 33.9 micrograms/g, respectively. The cause of death was thus judged as be thinner poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A fatal case caused by organophosphorus insecticide intoxication and confirmed by the metabolite found in the blood].

An 83-year-old woman and two other members of her family were poisoned after eating lettuce prepared with Ethimethon Granule 6 instead of salt by mistake. Ethimethon Granule 6 is a mixture of organophosphorus pesticides, disulfoton and diazinon. All three were admitted to a hospital, and she died 22 h after ingestion and the others recovered. Disulfoton and diazinon in the remaining lettuce were detected and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pesticides, however, were not detected in the blood sample collected from the victim at autopsy. A metabolite of disulfoton, phosphorothiolate sulfone, was detected by FPD-gas chromatography, and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of suicide by an intravenous injection of pancuronium].

A 25-year-old male anesthesiologist was found dead in his room with an intravenous drip line connected with his leg. There were several empty ampules of pancuronium, midazolam and buprenorphine around him. Pancuronium and midazolam in the blood and urine samples collected at postmortem examination were detected by spectrofluorometry and ECD-gas chromatography, respectively. The concentrations of pancuronium and midazolam were 0.3 micrograms/g and 0.12 micrograms/g in the blood, respectively; 0.9 micrograms/g and 0.05 micrograms/g in the urine, respectively. The cause of death was determined to be asphyxia due to respiratory muscle paralysis caused by pancuronium.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular tachycardia and sick sinus syndrome].

We examined, a 64 year old man with hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) accompanied with dizziness. Twenty-four hour ECG monitoring showed sinus bradycardia and sinoatrial block. Electrophysiologic study demonstrated inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) by continuous rapid high right atrum pacing during which systolic blood pressure fell to 40 mmHg. Induced VT degenerated into ventricular fibrillation in ten seconds. We implanted a DDD pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and administrated 90mg/day of diltiazem for VT. Treadmill exercise test was carried out while the patient was taking diltiazem and no arrhythmia was induced. This case of HNCM is rare in that he presented both sick sinus syndrome and sustained VT.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Primary malignant melanoma of the urinary bladder.

Primary malignant melanoma is an unusual neoplasm in the urinary bladder that is infrequently found in association with melanosis. We report a case of bladder-invasive malignant melanoma with melanosis in which the melanosis exhibited melanocytic atypia extending through to melanoma in situ and was diagnosed by immunohistochemical techniques using a monoclonal antibody, HMB-45. To our knowledge, such findings have not been reported previously.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[Asphyxial death by laryngopharyngeal tumor--two autopsy cases].

Case 1. A 44-year-old male died about 3 h after paracenteses of both palatine tonsils. A 6.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 cm tumor, caused by bleeding and edema, was revealed at medico-legal autopsy. This tumor extended from the right palatine tonsil to the right edge of epiglottis. The cause of death was determined to be acute asphyxia due to the obstruction of the airway by the tumor. Case 2. A 51-year-old female was thought to have been killed by manual strangulation. At medico-legal autopsy, three malignant tumors, each of which was not as large as the tip of the little finger, were found in the lower pharynx. There were no findings of acute asphyxia death. The cause of death was determined to be delayed asphyxia caused by the malignant tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Comparison of the indirect immunobead test and the sperm immobilization test for detection of antisperm antibody].

The indirect immunobead test (indirect IBT; IgG.IgA) and the sperm immobilization test (SIT) were carried out for 75 infertile patients to detect antisperm antibodies in the sera. The results were as follows. 1) Twenty three cases showed positive results in the IBT, and 14 out of the 23 showed also positive in the SIT. 2) Fifty two cases which had negative results in IBT also had negative results in SIT. 3) IgG-IB attached to sperm were observed in 14 with positive SIT, but no IgA-IB were observed in 4 cases out of the 14. 4) IgG-IB attached to both the sperm head and end-tail in 12 cases out of the 14, but only to the sperm end-tail in the other 2 cases. We therefore concluded that, 1) IBT detected anti-sperm antibodies more readily than SIT. 2) IBT was an alternative to SIT for screening. 3) Sperm immobilization antibodies appeared to be in the IgG class rather than in the IgA class. 4) It appeared that sperm immobilization antibodies might be able to attach to the sperm tail as well as the head.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of direct immunobead test to detect anti-sperm antibody].

Direct immunobead test (IBT) (IgG.IgA) was carried out for 290 infertile men to detect antisperm antibodies. The results, compared with semen data analyzed by traditional methods and a computer assisted semen analyzer and with hormone levels, were as follows. 1) In 21(7.2%) out of the 290 men, IgG-immunobead (IB) binding was observed in more than 50% of their motile spermatozoa; in 10(3.4%) of the 290, IgA-IB binding. 2) In all of the cases with proven fertility, the IB binding rate was less than 60% for IgG-IB, and less than 40% for IgA-IB. This suggested that antibodies attached to sperm could be among the factors in male infertility. 3) Antibodies attached to the sperm head with binding rate of less than 40% were not considered to be a causative factor in male infertility. 4) The incidence of positive IgG-IB was higher, and also in each case the IgG-IB binding rate was higher than the IgA-IB. 5) IgG-IB binding parts of each spermatozoon included IgA-IB binding parts. 6) No significant relationship was observed between the results of traditional semen analysis, LH.FSH.PRL levels or PENETRAK and the rates of IB binding.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Polyotia. A case report.

An extremely rare case of polyotia is presented. A seven-month old male had a congenital deformity of the right auricle, appearing like a large accessory auricular appendage. It had a small helix-like protuberance connecting to a very long helical crus; there was a conchal cavity between the external auditory meatus and the protuberance. Surgery led to good results. The surgical procedure is described and the literature concerning polyotia discussed. Our diagnostic criteria for polyotia and the accessory auricular appendage are presented.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1992

In vitro properties of the newer quinolones.

Table 5 summarizes the activity of the newer quinolones against various bacteria including intracellular bacteria and the other microorganisms. In this table, the overall MIC ranges of NFLX, ENX, OFLX, and CPFX, for susceptible isolates of each bacteria are schematically presented. The newer quinolones are considered to have sufficient activity against gram-negative enteric bacteria, N. gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae and Legionella spp. Since OFLX and CPFX show only moderate activity against staphylococci, streptococci, and P. aeruginosa, improvement is expected. As shown in Table 3, TFLX and the recent investigational quinolones such as SPFX and KB-5246 show higher and promising activity against gram-positive bacteria. However, further studies are needed with longer periods to indicate whether these newer agents will be able to stop the increase of quinolone-resistant staphylococci. Furthermore, the activity of the newer quinolones against obligate anaerobes such as clostridia and bacteroides are considered to be insufficient for clinical use. Whether it will be possible to synthesize quinolones with anti-anaerobic activity sufficiently for clinical treatment is uncertain. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis is susceptible to the newer quinolones, other mycobacteria are somewhat less susceptible to this class of agents. In addition, the newer quinolones have adequate activity against mycoplasma, chlamydia and rickettsia. From a microbiological viewpoint the prospects for the newer quinolones would be primarily to find agents that have higher anti-staphylococcal and anti-streptococcal activity. Secondly, agents possessing superior activity against obligate anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. are expected to synthesize. Furthermore, it may be possible to synthesize compounds that are sufficiently active for clinical use against atypical mycoplasma, chlamydia, and rickettsia.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1992

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs in Japanese.

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 from single hairs is described. HLA-DQA1 genotypes could be determined from single plucked hair roots. However, it was not easy to type HLA-DQA1 with hair shaft portions. Increase in the specimens of hair shaft portions (over 10 cm in length) to get sufficient DNA caused inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Synthetic melanin as well as the one extracted from hairs inhibited the PCR of the genomic DNA template when added to the PCR reaction at the concentrations over than 15 ng/100 microL. Therefore, typability of hair shaft portions seems to depend on the delicate balance of the concentrations of DNA and the contaminated melanin in the final DNA extracts.

Asian People↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of prostaglandin production in the inflammatory tissue by loxoprofen-Na, an anti-inflammatory prodrug.

The effect of loxoprofen-Na, a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a prodrug property, on prostaglandin (PG) levels in the inflammatory tissue was investigated with a carrageenin-induced pleurisy model in rats. The intrapleural injection of carrageenin caused a marked increase in the levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the pleural exudate up to 3 hr after the injection. When [14C]PGE2 was injected into the cavity 2 hr after the carrageenin injection, the PG rapidly disappeared from the cavity (T 1/2 = 5 min). Thus, the PG level determined in the inflammatory exudate represents PG produced in the inflammatory tissue. Loxoprofen-Na, administered orally 2 hr after the carrageenin injection, dose-dependently inhibited the increase in the levels of PGs in the exudate 1 hr after administration (ID50 = 0.07 mg/kg for PGE2 and 0.10 mg/kg for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Indomethacin also inhibited PG production, but was less effective (ID50 = 0.24 mg/kg for PGE2 and 0.47 mg/kg for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha). Similar results were obtained 3 hr after the administration of these drugs (ID50 of PGE2 production = 0.14 mg/kg for loxoprofen-Na and 0.28 mg/kg for indomethacin). The time-course analysis of the effect of loxoprofen-Na showed that this drug had more immediate and stronger inhibitory activity than indomethacin. The relative potencies of suppression of protein leakage and leukocyte infiltration correlated well with the inhibition of PG production, but higher doses were needed for an obvious anti-inflammatory effect. The active metabolite (SRS trans-OH) of loxoprofen-Na determined in the inflammatory exudate 1 hr after oral administration of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg of loxoprofen-Na was 0.05 and 0.25 micrograms/mL, respectively. The concentration was sufficient to suppress PG production in the exudate, because the IC50 of the SRS trans-OH for PG production in vitro with leukocytes was 0.02 microgram/mL (0.01 microM). The potency of the SRS trans-OH metabolite to inhibit PGE2 production in leukocytes was about 20 times stronger than that of the parent compound and 3 times stronger than that of indomethacin.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1991

Identification of a different-type homeobox gene, BarH1, possibly causing Bar (B) and Om(1D) mutations in Drosophila.

The Bar mutation B of Drosophila melanogaster and optic morphology mutation Om(1D) of Drosophila ananassae result in suppression of ommatidium differentiation at the anterior portion of the eye. Examinations was made to determine the genes responsible for these mutations. Both loci were found to share in common a different type of homeobox gene, which we call "BarH1." Polyptides encoded by D. melanogaster and D. ananassae BarH1 genes consist of 543 and 604 amino acids, respectively, with homeodomains identical in sequence except for one amino acid substitution. A unique feature of these homeodomains is that the phenylalanine residue in helix 3, conserved in all metazoan homeodomains so far examined, is replaced by a tyrosine residue. By Northern blotting, considerably more BarH1 RNA was detected in the Bar mutant than in wild type. P element-mediated transformation showed Bar-like eye malformation to be induced by transient overexpression of the BarH1 gene in the late third-instar larvae. Somatic recombination analysis indicated normal gene functions of the Bar region, including the BarH1 gene, to be required for normal eye morphogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗