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Biomedical subjects

T Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kodama.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Production of alpha-fetoprotein, normal serum proteins, and human chorionic gonadotropin in stomach cancer: histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of 35 cases.

By immunoperoxidase histochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, the production of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), albumin(ALB), transferrin(TF), alpha-1-antitrypsin(AAT), and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was examined in 35 operatively resected stomach cancers with elevated serum AFP levels (higher than 20 ng/ml as determined by radioimmunoassay). Cells positive for AFP were found in 19 cases (54%). In 29 cases (83%), some tumor cells contained normal serum proteins (ALB, TF, or AAT). All 19 tumors with AFP-positive cells also stained positively for two or three kinds of normal serum proteins. In some cases, AFP and normal serum proteins were localized in the same cells. There were two cases in which metastatic tumors produced AFP, whereas the primary sites did not. In nine cases (26%), HCG was present in tumor cells and HCG- and AFP-positive cells were coexistent in six tumors. Histologic examination of AFP-producing stomach tumors revealed medullary or papillotubular arrangements with marked nuclear atypia and eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasms containing no glycogen or mucin. Some tumors with medullary patterns resembled liver cell carcinomas. Concordant phenotypic expression of AFP and normal serum protein production appears to be a general feature of AFP-producing tumors such as liver cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and stomach cancer.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Dissociation of chorioadenoma destruens from hydatidiform mole by urinary steroid analysis.

Dissociation between hydatidiform mole (HM) and chorioadenoma destruens (CA) was attempted by gas chromatographic analysis of urinary steroids. In the chromatogram, fraction 2 (F2) including four pregnane steroids (17-hydroxypregnanolone, pregnanolone, pregnanediol, and pregnanetriol) reflected the biologic activity of molar human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the ratio of F2 to fraction 1 (F1) (17-ketosteroids) was found useful in monitoring secondary growth of trophoblastic tumor: Urinary log F2/F1 after curettage declined quickly and unidirectionally in HM, but the same parameter exhibited a temporal rise in CA at 11 to 20 days after curettage because of the molar hCG from residual tumor tissue. The resolution between HM and CA at that stage (11 to 20 curettage days) was of the order of diagnostic use and superior to that with immunoreacive hCG. The data obtained are discussed in the light of pathophysiology of CA.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1981

Arylsulfatases of human-lung tumors transplanted into athymic mice. Cancer-associated modification of arylsulfatase B variant.

The activities and properties of arylsulfatase A and B from human lung carcinoma transplanted into athymic mice were demonstrated. The activities of arylsulfatase A and B from transplanted carcinomas with four histological types were more than twofold higher as compared to those from surgical tumors, except for arylsulfatase A activity in blastoma. Arylsulfatase B in transplanted tumors was almost completely replaced, except for blastoma, by an anionic B variant (B1) which was a minor component of arylsulfatase B in surgical lung tumor and absent in normal human lung. The properties of arylsulfatases A and B from transplanted tumors were essentially identical, respectively, with those from normal lung or surgical tumors in respect of molecular weight, heat stability, pH optimum, isoelectric point (pI), Km, time course profile and substrate specificity. Arylsulfatase B1 showed the properties similar to B enzyme except for net charge. The cause of the negative charge of tumor B1 enzyme was investigated. By the action of phosphatase, which was added exogenously or had been persistently included in the partially purified enzyme preparation, B1 enzyme (pI 7.5) shifted to about pI 8.2. Treatment of B1 enzyme with neuraminidase, concomitant with the endogenous phosphatase, resulted in marked increase (pI 9.5) of the isoelectric point, identical to that of arylsulfatase B. Thus, it is most probable that tumor B1 enzyme is modified by additional sialic acid and phosphate bound to arylsulfate B.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Reaction heats and heat capacity changes for intermediate steps of the ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by myosin subfragment 1.

The interaction of myosin Subfragment 1 with ATP in 0.1 M KCl containing 0.01 M MgCl2 and 0.02 M Tris/HCl (pH 8.0) was studied by microcalorimetry at temperatures of 4, 12, and 23 degrees C so that values of the heat capacity change (delta Cp) could be obtained for intermediate steps of the ATPase cycle. The delta Cp values are large compared to the value for the overall cycle, indicating that large changes in the hydrophobic effect are involved in transitions between different intermediate states. However, the heat capacity changes themselves show peculiar temperature dependences. Thus bindings of ATP and ADP to Subfragment 1, both of which are strongly exothermic processes, take place with large negative delta Cp of about -3 kJK-1 mol-1 between 4 and 12 degrees C but with very small delta Cp of 0.3-0.4 kJ K-1 mol-1 between 12 and 23 degrees C. On the contrary, the delta Cp for the endothermic hydrolysis of ATP bound to Subfragment 1 is positive (congruent to kJK-1 mol-1) in the lower temperature range but strongly negative (congruent to -4 kJK-1 mol-1) in the higher temperature range. The magnitude of delta Cp for the slow Pi dissociation process is similar but its sign is just opposite to that for the hydrolysis. These anomalous changes in the heat capacity may be due to the temperature-induced changes in a balance between large opposing effects which result from distinct, local conformation changes within the Subfragment 1 molecule.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1981

Androphilic proteins in the human prostate.

Dihydrotestosterone-binding protein in cytosols from human prostates was different from the R1881- and R5020-binding proteins. The R1881- and R5020-binding proteins in the cytosol were very similar and most of the binding sites for R1881 were capable of binding R5020. However, nuclear extracts showed equal binding to dihydrotestosterone and R1881, but not to R5020, suggesting that there might not be a progestin receptor in the human prostate. Maximum binding sites to dihydrotestosterone, R1881, and R5020 in cytosols were very similar among "normal" and pathological prostates except that dihydrotestosterone binding was higher in "normal" prostates than in the pathological ones. Histochemically, R1881-binding was observed in the epithelial cells and in malignant cells, but not in the stroma.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1981

Granular cell tumour of the brain and its cellular identity.

Two cases of cerebral granular cell tumour are reported. In Case 1 the tumour arose from the genu of the corpus callosum, and in Case 2 it was found in the frontotemporoparietal lobes. Biopsy and autopsy specimens were examined with light and electron microscopy, and histochemical characteristics of the granule were analysed. Tumour cells from these two cases showed pleomorphism, but abundant granules in the cytoplasm were the most characteristic feature in these tumours. The granules were not stained by Sudan III and Sudan black, but were eosinophilic. They were PAS positive and not digested by diastase. Okamoto's reaction for glycolipid was positive after treatment by pyridine. They were also positive in Hotchkiss' method for glycolipid modified by Morrison and Hack, following immersion in chloroform and methanol solution. Histochemically, it was thought that granules consisted of glycoprotein. In the electron microscopic study dense bodies, multivesicular bodies, and vacoules were seen in tumour cells, especially in the neoplastic granular cells. It was assumed that the tumour cells originated from astrocytes, because of the cytoplasmic processes of the tumour cells were stained blue with PTAH, and contained microfibres of 80 A width. Gemistocytic astrocytes seen in the periphery of the tumour were also evidence indicating the neoplastic cell origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Progestin-binding protein in human benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Cytosols from human benign prostatic hypertrophy contained progestin-binding components which bound to R 5020, ORG 2058 and progesterone in high affinity fashion. Most of the protein bound to R 5020 was recovered in the precipitate with 0-30% saturation of ammonium sulfate. The R 5020-binding protein showed sedimentation coefficients of 3.6S and 8.4S, and was eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G-200 column. This protein was clearly distinguished from the dihydrotestosterone-binding protein by its precipitability by ammonium sulfate, heat stability and susceptibility to delipidization. R 5020 and ORG 2058 binding were markedly inhibited by the addition of R 1881, therefore, most of the binding to progestin in cytosols from the benign prostatic hypertrophy seems to be also the sites for R 1881. Although nuclear extract by 0.4 M KCl showed R 1881 binding, the extract did not contain the R 5020-binding protein, and this suggested that the progestin-binding protein observed in the cytosols does not seem to be the steroid receptor.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of androgen receptor in cytosols from normal, benign hypertrophic and cancerous human prostates.

The binding of R 1881 in cytosols from the normal, benign hypertrophic and cancerous human prostates was examined in the presence of molybdate and triamcinolone acetonide. The addition of 10 mM Na2MoO4 resulted in an increase in the stability of the binder without any change in Kd. Triamcinolone acetonide added to the incubation of cytosol with R 1881 modified the inhibition pattern by other steroids, and the binding in the presence of triamcinolone acetonide exhibited the characteristics of androgen receptor. The complex of cytosol and R 1881 formed in the incubation in the presence of triamcinolone acetonide was sedimented at 8.5S. Kd of the binding to R 1881 of the normal and pathological prostates was almost identical, but maximum binding sites of the androgen receptor were larger in benign hypertrophic and cancerous prostates than in normal tissues. For the assay of binding capacity in needle biopsy specimens, one point determinations were performed using 2.5 nM R 1881 as the ligand. The number of binding sites obtained by this method were well correlated with those obtained by the Scatchard plot in various prostatic tissues.

Cytosol↗
PubMed1981

Elevation of glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity in human lung cancer related to histological types.

Uridine diphosphogalactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferases were examined in human lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The galactosyltransferase activities in tissue homogenates from both carcinomas were higher than in adjacent normal control with asialoagalactofetuin as a substrate. This activity in adenocarcinoma (27 cases) was two times higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma (19 cases) with statistical significance (p less than 0.001). Using Triton-solubilized enzymes from a particulate fraction, similar differences in the activity were observed with ovalbumin, asialoagalactofetuin, and its beta-eliminated derivative as acceptors but not with bovine submaxillary mucin. These observations mean that the higher activity of galactosyltransferase(s) in lung carcinomas (especially in adenocarcinoma) is mainly responsible for galactosylation of carbohydrate chains in N-glycoside-type but not O-glycoside-type glycoproteins.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Relation between adrenal function and 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary cancer of the rat.

The excretion of urinary steroids were investigated in rats in the course of mammary carcinogenesis by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). The carcinogen was fed to female Sprague-Dawley rats on days 50 and 64 after birth at a dose of 10 mg each. The excretion of urinary androgen, 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid (11-DOOS), increased temporarily (at 80 days of age) in DMBA-treated rats as compared with non-treated controls. The excretion of adrenal corticosteroid, 17-deoxy-corticosteroid (17-DOCS), was lower than normal in the rats that failed to develop tumors within 200 days after receiving DMBA. The difference between the above non-responders and the tumor-developing responders (or the non-treated controls) was significant at 80 and 120 days of age, but not at 160 days of age. The final tumor weights at 160 days of age were also positively correlated to the excretion of 17-DOCS at 130 days of age. It was indicated that the overall process of DMBA carcinogenesis could be promoted by the endogenous adrenocortical steroids. The possible mechanism underlying the production of mammary cancer is discussed in the light of the metabolic intimacy between DMBA and the adrenal steroids.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗