Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Kawata

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawata.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Roentgencephalometric analysis of cerebral gigantism: report of four patients.

Roentgencephalometric investigation of four patients (three male, one female) with cerebral gigantism (Soto syndrome) demonstrated that both the neurocranium and facial skeleton are increased in size. The recessed flat facies characteristic of the syndrome can be attributed to the increased anterior cranial base length and frontal bossing combined with relative retroposition of the maxilla. Mandibular body length was increased but ramal height was within normal limits. The obtuse gonial angle added to the effective length of the mandible. The backward rotation of the mandible resulting from the obtuse gonial angle contributed to increased lower face height.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1980

[Case of cystic adventitial degeneration of the brachial artery].

Cystic degenerative disease of the brachial artery, which caused acute and total occlusion of the artery was encountered in a 51 years old male patient. At the exploration of the brachial artery at the lower border of the axilla, an anatomical variation, high division of the superficial brachial artery, was observed. At the bifurcation of the artery, a cystic degenerative change was detected and was judged to be the cause of the arterial occlusion. He was treated successfully with partial resection of the arterial wall containing the cyst, followed by autologous vein patch plasty.

Arm↗
PubMed1980

Reassembly of the regularly arranged subunits in the cell wall os Lactobacillus brevis and their reattachment to cell walls.

The reassembly of tetragonally arranged subunits in the cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis and the reattachment of the subunits to cell wall fragments were investigated by electron microscopy. The subunits dissociated from the cell wall with guanidine hydrochloride (GHCl) reassembled into the same regular array as seen in native cell wall after dialysis against neutral buffer even in the absence of specific cations. The subunits could also reattach to the cell wall fragments from which they had been removed by treatment with GHCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate or cold trichloroacetic acid but not to those treated with hot formamide. Heterologous reattachment of the subunits occurred on cell wall fragments obtained from L. fermentum but not on those from L plantarum or L. casei subsp. casei. On the basis of these observations and chemical analyses of the cell wall fragments, the subunits of L. brevis appeared to be bound by hydrogen bonds to a neutral polysaccharide moiety in the cell wall but not to peptidoglycan or teichoic acid.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1980

Isolation of nontoxigenic variants associated with enhanced sporulation and alteration in the cell wall from Clostridium botulinum type a 190L by treatment with detergents.

Nontoxigenic variants were isolated from Clostridium botulinum type A strain 190L after treatment with detergents such as deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and Brij-58. Deoxycholate was most effective for obtaining the variants. The variants exhibited a markedly increased frequency of sporulation compared with the oligosporogenic parent strain. The cell wall of the parent strain was composed of an outer layer and an inner layer, whereas that of the variants lost the outer layer. After treatment with mitomycin C the parent strain was subjected to lysis and produced bacteriophages with a hexagonal head and a contractible tail, while the nontoxigenic variants did not yield bacteriophages or phage-like structures. There appears to be a close relationship among the toxigenic and sporogenic properties, formation of the outer cell wall layer and lysogeny.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of a hexagonal array in exosporium of a highly sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type A revealed by electron microscopy using optical diffraction and filtration.

The ultrastructure of a hexagonal array in the exosporium from spores of a highly sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type A strain 190L was studied by electron microscopy of negatively stained exosporium fragments using optical diffraction and filtration. The exosporium was composed of three or more lamellae showing and equilateral, hexagonal periodicity. Images of the single exosporium layer from which the noise had been filtered optically revealed that the hexagonally arranged, morphological unit of the exosporium was composed of three globular subunits about 2.1 nm in diameter which were arranged at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides of about 2.4 nm. The morphological units were arranged with a spacing of about 4.5 nm. the adjacent globular subunits appeared to be interconnected by delicate linkers.

Clostridium botulinum↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and partial characterization of exosporium from spores of a highly sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type A.

Homogeneous fragments of exosporium were isolated and purified from mature spores of a highly sporogenic mutant derived from Clostridium botulinum type A strain 190L. The exosporium was composed of three lamellae and showed a hexagonal array when negatively stained. The hexagonal array of isolated exosporium was resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea, dithiothreitol, and proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pronase, and nagarse, except for pepsin. The hexagonal array was partially disintegrated with 5 M guanidine-HCl and almost completely disrupted with 8 M urea in combination with 1% mercaptoethanol under alkaline conditions. The purified exosporium fraction was composed mainly of protein (69.1%) and lipids (13.8%). A small amount of amino sugars (2.5%) was present, but neutral sugars could not be detected. The exosporium protein had a predominantly acidic amino acid composition accompanied by low levels of cystine, methionine, and histidine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructure and partial characterization of a regular array in the cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis.

The cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis was revealed by electron microscopy to have an outer layer composed of a regular array. The morphological unit of the regular array appeared to consist of four spherical subunits, each about 2 nm in diameter, which were arranged in a tetragonal pattern about 4.5 by 7.0 nm in dimension. The regular array was composed of the tetragonal units in rows in two directions at an angle of about 75 degrees to each other. The average spacing between the rows was about 10 nm in one direction and about 7 nm in the other. The tetragonally arranged subunits were removed from the cell wall by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) but not by the action of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, nonionic detergents, or proteolytic enzymes except pepsin. The regular subunits were shown to be composed of a protein with a molecular weight of about 51,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Bromelains↗
PubMed1977

Morphological changes in yeasts as a result of the action of 5-fluorocytosine.

The mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine on Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied with special reference to morphology and ultrastructure. Shortly after contact of yeast cells with 10 mug of 5-fluorocytosine per ml, marked enlargement of the cells occurred. The initial increase in cell size was almost the same with both yeast strains. As incubation proceeded, further increase in cell volume continued with C. albicans, whereas no further change in cell volume was observed with S. cerevisiae. An electron microscope examination of C. albicans cells after exposure to the drug revealed characteristic changes, consisting of an enlarged nucleus and a thin cell wall. The morphological changes were exactly comparable to those reported with inhibitors of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mammalian cells and some bacteria.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1976

Quantitative chemical analyses and antigenic properties of peptidoglycans from Clostridium botulinum and other clostridia.

The cell wall peptodoglycans were isolated from Clostridium botulinum and some other species of the genus Clostridium by hot formamide extraction and their quantitative chemical composition and antigenic properties were determined. The petidoglycan of C. botulinum type E was found to be a diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-containing type composed of glucosamine, muramic acid, glutamic acid, alanine and DAP in the molar ratio of 0.76:0.78:1.00:1.88:0.81. All other types of C. botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes also belonged to the same peptidoglycan type. The peptidoglycans of Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium histoloyticum contained DAP but they differed from those of C. botulinum in the molar ratio of alanine to glutamic acid. The peptidoglycan of Clostridium perfringens was composed of glutamic acid, alanine, DAP and glycine in the molar ratio of 1.00:1.64:0.94:0.90. On the other hand, the peptidoglycan of Clostridium septicum was found to contain lysine instead of DAP and the molar ratio was 1.00:1.41:0.96 for glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. In spite of the difference in amino acid composition of peptidoglycans among the clostridia, the quantitative precipitin test demonstrated that antiserum against C. botulinum type E peptidoglycan cross-reacted with the peptidoglycans from other clostridia as well as various types of C. botulinum.

Alanine↗