Biomedical subjects

T Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to T Katayama.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructure of the testis in an XX-male with normal plasma testosterone.

Hormonal and ultrastructural examinations of the testis were performed in an XX-male. Plasma levels of testosterone and prolactin were within the normal range, but FSH and LH were higher than the normal range. The response of testosterone to the administration of HCG is within the normal range. In the interstitium marked hyperplasia of Leydig cells was observed. The presence of paracrystalline inclusions and the absence of Reinke's crystals were representative changes in Leydig cells. Seminiferous tubules were filled with Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis was completely abolished. Intermediate filaments were abundant and annulate lamellae were absent in Sertoli cells.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DNA hybridization study using Y-specific probes in an XX-male.

A 30-year-old male attended the Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital with the chief complaint of infertility. Physical examination showed bilateral small testes and the semen contained no sperm. Hormonal studies revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cytogenetic studies showed a 46,XX karyotype. High-resolution banding showed no abnormalities in both of the X chromosomes. Histological examination of both testes showed germinal aplasia and the proliferation of Leydig cells. The diagnosis of XX-male was made from the above findings. A DNA hybridization study using 17 Y-specific probes revealed the presence of a major part of the short arm of the Y chromosome, which had presumably been translocated to the X chromosome. The translocated Y short arm had a small deletion within it.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case of decapitated spermatozoa in an infertile man.

A case of headless or decapitated spermatozoa of an infertile man is reported. The 33-year-old patient showed almost normal spermiogram except for a high percentage (more than 90%) of headless spermatozoa. Both hypoosmotic swelling and zona-free hamster egg tests showed that most headless spermatozoa appeared to be normal in their function as tails. The ultrastructure of the ejaculated spermatozoa was observed using a surface replica method and by conventional ultrathin sectioning. The headless spermatozoa were almost normal in structure except for the absence of the head. Tailless heads were rarely observed. Varieties of ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in spermatozoa heads. Among them, abnormalities in the nuclear membrane covering the posterior pole of the nucleus were prominent. The implantation fossa and the basal plate were not formed. Instead, the nuclear membrane with numerous nuclear pores was found in this region. The decapitation seemed to take place between the region of the basal plate and the proximal centriole.

Acrosome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histological and endocrinological investigations of cyclosporine effects on the rat testis.

To investigate the effects of cyclosporine on spermatogenesis and endocrinological function of the testis, cyclosporine was administered subcutaneously to mature male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four and 6 weeks after the termination of cyclosporine administration (40 or 60 mg kg-1), the diameter of seminiferous tubules was diminished. The percentage of tubules with spermatozoa was decreased 6 weeks after the termination of cyclosporine treatment (20-60 mg kg-1). However, tubular wall thickness did not change throughout the experiment. Serum follicular stimulating hormone level increased significantly immediately after termination of cyclosporine administration dose-dependently, while the serum levels' luteinizing hormone and testosterone did not alter throughout the experiment. It is strongly suggested that cyclosporine impairs spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function, although Leydig cell function is not injured.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of antigenic determinants recognized by a monoclonal antibody in rat epididymal spermatozoa, with particular reference to sperm maturation.

This study localized antigenic determinants recognized by a mouse anti-human sperm monoclonal antibody TüS10 immunocytochemically and immunoelectron microscopically in the rat sperm recovered from the caput and cauda epididymidis. Immunocytochemistry showed that the antibody bound specifically to the plasma membrane overlying the principal piece of membrane-intact sperm from the caput and cauda epididymidis. Demembranation by Triton X-100 significantly decreased the affinity of the monoclonal antibody TüS10 to the caput sperm but did not obviously change that to the cauda sperm. Immunoelectron microscopy with biotin-streptavidin peroxidase complex pre-embedding method confirmed the localization of the antigenic determinants over the cell surface of the principal piece of the membrane-intact spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis. The demembranated sperm from the caput epididymidis showed no intracellular labelling, while those from the cauda displayed labelling on their external surface of the fibrous sheath. Using monoclonal antibody TüS10 as a probe, we detected different distribution patterns of the antigenic determinants between the spermatozoa in the caput and cauda epididymidis. These results suggest that spermatozoa mature with immunologically detectable changes in the fibrous sheath during their epididymal transit.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the stomach: report of a highly infiltrative case with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies.

A large, poorly demarcated, elevated lesion over the area ranging from the lower end of the esophagus to the lesser curvature of the cardiac region was examined in a 19 year old woman, and demonstrated an irregular and highly infiltrative proliferation of spindle cells over the full thickness of the gastric wall. Although the spindle cells grew mainly in the submucosa, they penetrated the muscularis propria, leaving intact muscle tissue that formed an irregular, island-like pattern, and reached the subserosa. The cells were identified as myofibroblasts by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The present case is considered to be of an inflammatory pseudotumor due to extremely infiltrative growth of myofibroblasts. This lesion differed from inflammatory fibroid polyp (similarly consisting of proliferating myofibroblasts accompanied by inflammatory cells) in terms of age at onset, tumor size, pattern of cell proliferation and main inflammatory cell component. This report also discusses the relationship between this lesion and a very recently advocated new entity, inflammatory fibrosarcoma of the mesentery and retroperitoneum, which is a tumour closely simulating inflammatory pseudotumor.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in hepatic mitochondrial function during total parenteral nutrition in immature rats.

To evaluate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on hepatic mitochondrial function in immature rats, changes in hepatic energy charge levels and oxidative phosphorylation rates of hepatic mitochondria were studied along with the examination of serum chemical test. Male Wistar rats weighing 30 to 45 g were used and randomized into TPN (n = 8), enteral (n = 7), and control groups (n = 8). Parenteral and enteral groups were fed with TPN solution containing 19.3% dextrose, 3.19% amino acids, 1.05% fat emulsion, minerals and vitamins, and the control group with rat chow. The number of calories per kilogram per day was 550 x 1/4 on the 1st day, 550 x 1/2 on the 2nd, 550 x 3/4 on the 3rd, and 550 x 1 on the 4th day, based on the body weight on the 1st day. After the 5th day, 550 Kcal/kg/day was given, based on the body weight of the respective day. After 13-day feeding, hepatic energy charge (EC), phosphorylation rate (PR) of hepatic mitochondria and serum chemical examination were carried out. EC was 0.871 +/- 0.016 in the control group, 0.830 +/- 0.019 in the enteral, and 0.785 +/- 0.011 in TPN group (p less than 0.001, compared with control group). PR was 138.9 +/- 1.9, 133.0 +/- 6.7, 111.0 +/- 4.3, respectively, (p less than 0.05, compared with control and enteral groups). There was no difference between the three groups on SGOT, SGPT, and total bilirubin. TPN group showed a deterioration of hepatic phosphorylation rate and energy charge in spite of normal serum transaminase levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complication of parenteral nutrition composed of essential amino acids and histidine in adults with renal failure.

This is a case report on six patients with hyperammonemia that developed while they were receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as a component of renal failure therapy. Clinically, the hyperammonemia presented as mental status changes in all six cases. Four of the six patients with renal failure initially received 400 mL Amiyu in 1400 mL 17% glucose (total = 1800 mL TPN-A) administered over each 24-hour period. Two patients had been placed on 400 mL complete amino acid in 1400 mL 17% glucose (total = 1800 mL TPN-C over each 24-hour period) prior to therapy with TPN-A. Approximately 3 weeks after initiation of TPN therapy with TPN-A, episodes of mental status changes of increasing duration and paroxysms were documented in five of the six patients. In one of the patients receiving TPN-C prior to TPN-A therapy, toxicity was clinically evident only 4 days after initiation of TPN-A. Serum ammonia levels were obtained and found to be elevated in the acute (ie, presenting) stage in all patients. With the discontinuance of TPN-A, ammonia levels normalized uniformly. Mental status also improved in all cases except for the patient with rapid clinical presentation who died 2 weeks after first evidence of clinical toxicity. In cases 1, 2, and 6, serum amino acid analysis in the acute phase showed reduced levels of ornithine and citrulline, the substrate and product, respectively, of condensation with carbamyl phosphate at its entry into the urea cycle. Moreover, levels of arginine, precursor to ornithine, were found to be elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phylogenetic position of the dicyemid mesozoa inferred from 18S rDNA sequences.

The dicyemid mesozoa, obligate symbionts in the cephalopod kidney, are simply organized multicellular animals. They have long been the subject of phylogenetic debates. Some authors have suggested that dicyemids represent an offshoot from an early metazoan ancestor. Other workers considered them to be degenerated progeny of higher metazoa, possibly parasitic trematodes. We determined the almost complete nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNA in two species of dicyemid, Dicyema orientale and Dicyema acuticephalum, isolated purely from cephalopod urine. We compared these sequences with sequences determined in the present study from three flatworm species, as well as with a variety of eukaryote sequences obtained from databases. The phylogenetic trees reconstructed with the use of the neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood methods indicated that the dicyemids belong among the triploblastic animals (Bilateria). However, we cannot firmly establish the position of the dicyemids within the Bilateria because we cannot ignore the problem of long branch attraction between the myxozoans, dicyemids, nematodes, and acoel flatworms. The present results favor the hypothesis that the dicyemids do not represent an early divergent metazoan group, but rather a group degenerated from a triploblastic ancestor.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between hypoosmotic swelling test, semen analysis, and zona-free hamster ovum test.

The hypoosmotic swelling test is a simple test for measuring the functional competence of the human sperm membrane. Fifty-four patients with idiopathic infertility were assessed by hypoosmotic swelling test and the results were compared with those of routine semen analysis and zona-free hamster ovum human sperm penetration test (ZSPT). Semen samples with abnormal semen parameters had lower percentage of swollen sperm in comparison with those with normal semen parameters. A positive correlation was observed between sperm concentration and sperm swelling (r = .50, p less than .05). A strong positive correlation was observed between the percentage of sperm motility and the percentage of swollen sperm (r = 0.60, p less than .01), and between motile sperm concentration and sperm swelling (r = .62, p less than .01). On the other hand, sperm swelling correlated only weakly with the percentage of sperm penetration. The results indicate that the hypoosmotic swelling test appears to evaluate different functional qualities of sperm than ZSPT.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoosmotic swelling test in patients with varicocele.

The hypoosmotic swelling test is a simple test for measuring the functional competence of human sperm membrane. Thirty-five patients with varicocele were assessed by hypoosmotic swelling test and the results were compared with those in patients with idiopathic infertility. Percentage of swollen sperm in varicocele tended to be lower than that in idiopathic infertility, especially in sperm concentration between 30 x 10(6)/mL and 40 x 10(6)/mL. Varicocele with sperm motility of 40% or more revealed lower percentage of swollen sperm than idiopathic infertility did. The results indicate that varicocele may particularly injure sperm membrane function because hypoosmotic swelling test is a test for measuring functional ability of human sperm membrane. The percentage of swollen sperm recovered after the operation earlier than did the other sperm parameters such as sperm concentration or motility, which indicates that impaired sperm membrane injury by varicocele is reversible.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermal growth factor contents in seminal plasma as a marker of prostatic function.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), first identified in extracts from submaxillary salivary glands of adult male mice, acts as a potent mitogen in a wide variety of cells and tissues in culture. Human EGF, a polypeptide of 53 amino acids isolated from human urine, has been identified in several biological fluids, including prostatic fluid and seminal plasma. Epidermal growth factor content in seminal plasma was measured by RIA. The EGF content in seminal fluid did not change after bilateral vasectomy and the first fraction of sample obtained by split ejaculation contained a significantly larger amount of EGF than the second fraction. Seminal EGF originates from the prostate. There was a close correlation between EGF and zinc contents in seminal fluid. The seminal fluid EGF content was lowered in patients with prostatitis and systemic androgen deficiency. The EGF content in seminal fluid seems to be a reliable indicator of prostatic function.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoosmotic swelling test with a medium of distilled water.

The functional competence of the human sperm membrane is assessed by studying the swelling reaction of sperm when suspended in a medium of distilled water (water test). Eighty-seven patients with idiopathic infertility were investigated by the water test and the results were compared with various semen parameters. High correlations with the percentage of b-g type swollen sperm in the water test were observed for sperm concentration (r = .53, p < .05) and percent motility (r = .62, p < .01). The sperm swelling values obtained by the water test correlated well with those obtained by the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). Correlation coefficients in b-g and g swelling pattern were 0.89 and 0.71, respectively. The percentage of g-type swelling obtained by the water test was significantly larger than that obtained by the HOST (p < .05), although the two hypoosmotic procedures gave similar percentages of b-g swelling pattern. The percentage of g swelling pattern obtained by the water test correlated well with percent motility (r = .70, p < .001). These findings suggest that the water test is more useful for assessing the integrity of the sperm membrane than the HOST. The relationship between this test and subsequent fertility, as well as to other sperm function tests, needs further investigation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acrosome-reacted sperm in infertile and fertile men using the triple-stain technique.

By means of a triple-stain technique, the acrosome reaction in infertile and fertile males was investigated. The highest correlations with the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm were found for motile sperm concentration (r = .60, p < .01) and percent motility (r = .58, p < .05). Significant correlations were also demonstrated between acrosome reactivity and both sperm concentration (r = .50, p < .05) and velocity (r = .40, p < .05). There was only a weak correlation between the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm and that of swollen sperm. The ratio of acrosome-reacted sperm demonstrated in oligoasthenozoospermic patients was significantly lower than that observed in normozoospermic or fertile males (both, p < .05). There was no significant difference in the ratio of acrosome-reacted sperm between normozoospermic and fertile males. However, all the cases in the latter group had 15% or more acrosome-reacted sperm, whereas the parameter was widely distributed in the former group and some in this group had a decreased ratio. It would appear that a disturbance of the acrosome reaction is one of the causes of reduced fertility potential in normozoospermic males.

Acrosome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pentoxifylline on sperm motion.

The ability of pentoxifylline to stimulate sperm motility characteristics was assessed. The effect of pentoxifylline was immediate and lasted for 240 min. The percent motility was increased 1.5-fold when compared with the control at 120, 180, and 240 min after pentoxifylline treatment. Significant increases in velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement by the agent were observed at 120 min after the start of incubation. Conversely, linearity was reduced by pentoxifylline. Beat-cross frequency did not show any significant change by the agent at any time point. Sperm swelling was not influenced by pentoxifylline throughout the experiment. It would appear that pentoxifylline stimulates sperm motion in vitro with no change of the sperm membrane.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Varicocelectomy: changes in Resazurin Reduction test.

The Resazurin Reduction Test was performed on semen specimens from 27 patients with varicocele before and after varicocelectomy. The increases in both sperm concentration and motility were slight 3 months after surgery, but sperm concentration significantly improved 6 months after surgery (P < 0.01). The positive rate in the Resazurin Test significantly increased 3 and 6 months after surgery (each, P < 0.05) and the resazurin grade also increased at these times (each, P < 0.01). Of 13 patients with improved seminal findings, 7 had negative reactions during the preoperative Resazurin Test and 3 of these 7 patients continued to have negative reactions, while the other 4 had positive reaction after surgery. Of 14 patients with no improvement of semen characteristics, 6 continued to have negative reactions after surgery, but 4 with negative reactions before treatment showed positive reactions postoperatively. The Resazurin Test seems to assess fertility potential accurately after varicocelectomy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in seminal plasma transferrin concentration following administration of clomiphene citrate.

This study was designed to investigate the functional changes in Sertoli cells following clomiphene citrate administration to patients with idiopathic infertility. The agent was administered to 44 oligozoospermic patients. Patients with improvement in sperm concentration after treatment (improvement group) showed significantly lower pretreatment follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in serum. Serum FSH and testosterone levels significantly increased in the improvement group after treatment (both p < 0.05). Seminal transferrin concentration significantly increased in the improvement group after treatment (p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference between pretreatment seminal transferrin concentration in the improvement group and that in patients with no improvement in sperm concentration. Seminal plasma transferrin concentration in patients in whom pretreatment luteinizing hormone level in serum was below 10 mIU/mL, and in those in whom the ratio of post- to pretreatment values was 1.5 or more, tended to increase after treatment. This group also contained a few more patients with improvement in sperm concentration than the other groups. The patients showing low pretreatment FSH levels and a high ratio of post- to pretreatment values demonstrated a significant increase in seminal plasma transferrin concentration after treatment (p < 0.01), and this group contained more patients with improvement than the other groups. It would appear that Sertoli cell stimulation may induce an increase in sperm concentration after clomiphene citrate administration, and the elevated transferrin secretion seems to be associated with the increase of serum FSH level after treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of seminal plasma transferrin concentration and hypoosmotic swelling of the sperm.

To investigate whether there is a relationship between seminal plasma transferrin concentration and hypoosmotic swelling of the sperm, semen samples from 46 infertile patients were examined. Seminal plasma transferrin concentration in oligozoospermic subjects (sperm concentration < 20 x 10(6)/mL) was significantly lower than that in normozoospermic subjects (sperm concentration > or = 20 x 10(6)/mL) (p < .05). Patients with > or = 50% swollen sperm showed significantly higher transferrin concentration in seminal plasma than those with < 50% swollen sperm (p < .05), while in oligozoospermic patients no difference was observed between seminal plasma transferrin concentration and hypoosmotic swelling. No relationship between seminal plasma transferrin concentration and serum gonadotropin levels was demonstrated. The results indicate that transferrin synthesis is important to sperm membrane integrity and functional competence. However, subsequent fertility must be examined to determine whether seminal plasma transferrin levels are predictive of fertilizing capacity.

Cell Membrane↗