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Biomedical subjects

T Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to T Katayama.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The clinical effects of Tsumura No. 111 Seishin-rensi-in on irregular complaints of the urinary tract].

We studied the effects of Tsumura No. 111. Seisin-rensi-in on irregular complaints accompanying urological and renal diseases. Of 105 patients who visited our medical facilities, 99 served as the subject of this study. In principle, Tsumura Seisin-rensi-in was administered at a dose of 2.5 g x 3 times/day before meals for 4 or more weeks. Of 99 cases, 8 showed excellent results (8.2%), and 42 showed positive effects (41.2%). Adverse effects were observed in 7 cases, and in 4 cases drug administration was discontinued. This drug was recognized to be effective against irregular complaints accompanying chronic cystitis and acute or chronic pyelonephritis.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1986

[Chronic intravenous toxicity studies of potassium clavulanate and BRL28500 in dogs].

The chronic toxicity of potassium clavulanate (CVA-K) and BRL28500 were evaluated using dogs in 26-week intravenous administration studies followed by a 5-week off-dose period. The doses for CVA-K and BRL28500 were 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg (p.f.a.), and 80, 160, 320 and 800 mg/kg (p.f.a.) respectively. There were no deaths in either of the groups. For general condition, dogs dosed with CVA-K at 100 mg/kg showed reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, shaking of the head, facial oedema, a decrease in food intake and a reduction in body weight. Also some dogs of the same group showed decreased spontaneous activity, emaciation and signs of dehydration. In the BRL28500 treatment groups, there was reddening of the skin and mucous membranes, vomiting and salivation at 800 mg/kg. Urinalysis of dogs dosed with CVA-K showed occasional dark yellow coloration of the urine. There was also a very weak and equivocal response or positive reaction for protein, occult blood, and urine sugar in some animals at 100 mg/kg. Some dogs dosed with BRL28500 also showed either a very weak and equivocal response or slight positive reaction for occult blood at 320 mg/kg and above, and dark yellow coloration of the urine at 800 mg/kg. Haematological examination of the CVA-K groups showed increases in leukocyte count and platelet count at the highest dose of 100 mg/kg. No haematological abnormalities were noted in any of the BRL28500 groups. Serum biochemical studies of dogs dosed with CVA-K revealed a decrease in total protein at 50 mg/kg and above, and increases in Al-P, total bilirubin, GPT, BUN and creatinine at 100 mg/kg. In the BRL28500 treatment groups, there were increases in total cholesterol and triglyceride at 160 mg/kg and above. In dogs dosed with CVA-K there was an increase in liver weight at 100 mg/kg. Histopathological examination showed a ground glass-like appearance of the hepatocyte cytoplasm and also altered distribution of PAS positive material at 50 mg/kg and above. In the BRL28500 groups, there was an increase in liver weight at 320 mg/kg and above. There were the same ground glass-like appearance in hepatocytes and altered distribution of PAS positive material at 800 mg/kg. In view of the above results, the maximum non-effect dose levels in the present studies were considered to be 20 mg/kg for CVA-K and 80 mg/kg for BRL28500.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Separation of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from longitudinal muscle layer of bovine small intestine. Enzyme inhibition by arphamenine A.

The enkephalin-degrading enzymes, such as aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and carboxypeptidase, were purified partially by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, using longitudinal muscle from bovine small intestine. These enzyme were inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Several protease inhibitors of microbial origin, and synthetic compounds, were tested for their abilities to inhibit these enkephalin-degrading enzymes. Among them, arphamenine A, a new potent inhibitor for aminopeptidase B, was shown to be a useful compound in inhibiting all of the enkephalin-degrading enzymes in small intestine.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1985

Degradation of kyotorphin by a purified membrane-bound-aminopeptidase from monkey brain: potentiation of kyotorphin-induced analgesia by a highly effective inhibitor, bestatin.

Kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) was rapidly degraded in rat brain homogenates and the Vmax and Km were 29.4 nmol/mg protein/min and 16.6 microM, respectively. This degradation was effectively inhibited by bestatin (IC 50; 0.08 microM) and p-chloromercuribenzoate (IC 50; 0.70 microM). Kyotorphin was also degraded by a membrane-bound aminopeptidase from monkey brains. The Vmax and Km of kyotorphin degradation by the aminopeptidase were 20.0 nmol/mg protein/min and 29.2 microM, respectively. The degradation of kyotorphin was also inhibited effectively by bestatin (KI; 0.4 microM). Co-administration with bestatin 50 micrograms (i.cist.) potentiated the analgesic effects of kyotorphin (i.cist.) by 4.8 times, and these effects were abolished by pretreatment with naloxone 0.5 mg/kg s.c. These results suggest that potentiation of analgesia by bestatin may be due to the protection against the degradation of kyotorphin and released enkephalin by a membrane-bound aminopeptidase.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1985

Renal adenoma incidentally found in removed kidney in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

Concurrent primary renoparenchymal or renal pelvic neoplasms of different histology in the same kidney appear to be unusual. We herein report on a 75-year-old man in whom a tiny renal adenoma, a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, ipsilateral ureter papillomas and transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder were found. The clinicopathologic findings of this patient as well as the oncogenesis of renal tumours are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Enkephalin-degrading dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in guinea pig serum: its properties and action on bioactive peptides.

A dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, which cleaved the Gly3-Phe4 bond of enkephalins, was purified from guinea pig serum 420-fold. The optimum pH of the enzyme was in the neutral range (pH 7.25), and the molecular weight was estimated to be approx. 280,000. The enzyme hydrolyzed Met- and Leu-enkephalin with Km values of 0.30 and 0.50 mM, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by metal chelators and p-chloro-mercuribenzoate. Captopril showed high inhibitory potency, while phosphoramidon and Phe-Ala showed no effect on the enzyme activity. Therefore, the obtained enzyme can be classified as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1). Among the bioactive peptides examined, bradykinin and angiotensin I were hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Angiotensin III showed a stronger inhibitory effect than that of angiotensin II. Substance P, gastrin I, and secretin were also inhibitory toward the enzyme activity. On high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and Leu-enkephalin-Arg6 were cleaved sequentially at the second peptide bond of the C terminus. Thus, the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in guinea pig serum may play a role not only in the angiotensin-bradykinin system but also in the metabolism of circulating enkephalins and other bioactive peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Primary aldosteronism treated by trilostane (3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor).

The practicability and tolerability of trilostane, a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-delta 5-dehydrogenase, for the therapy of primary aldosteronism was assessed in 1 patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and 3 subjects with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (IHA). Trilostane afforded reduction of plasma levels of aldosterone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, 17-OH progesterone, cortisol, delta 4-androstenedione, and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid. Conversely, circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids were increased following this drug therapy. Suppression of mineralo- or glucocorticoid biosynthesis was accompanied by an increase in plasma renin activity. One patient with APA or 3 subjects with IHA showed slight or remarkable improvement of hypertension and hypokalemia. Based on these findings, efficacy and tolerability of trilostane appear to aid in the treatment of IHA.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1985

Partial purification of two distinct enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases from human cerebrospinal fluid.

In human cerebrospinal fluid, aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, and carboxypeptidase which were capable of hydrolyzing enkephalins were detected. Among these enzymes, two distinct aminopeptidase, designated C-AP1 and C-AP2, were partially purified. These enzymes were not purified thoroughly, but the characteristics of C-AP2 were similar to those of an aminopeptidase purified from monkey brain. But the inhibitory activity of amastatin on C-AP2 was stronger, and that of substance P was negligible. On the other hand, characteristics of C-Ap1 were extremely differ from those of C-AP2 or an aminopeptidase purified from monkey brain. C-AP1 had an optimum pH more in the acidic range (the highest at pH 6.0) and was not inhibited by any of the protease inhibitor tested including bestatin and amastatin.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1985

[A case of Cornelia de Lange syndrome with retentio testis].

A 6-year-old boy whose chief complaint was retentio testis was referred to our clinic. He had mental retardation, shortness of stature of prenatal onset, retarded growth, microbrachycephaly, bushy eyebrows, long eyelashes, low-set ears and micromelia, and was diagnosed to have Cornelia de Lange syndrome. As in most cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome the cause of our case was not clear, and chromosome analysis showed a 46,XY constitution. In our case, we performed bilateral orchidopexy for retentio testis because of the problem of fertility and the danger of malignancy. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is rare and the urologic literature dealing with this disease has never been reported in Japan. The clinical features of this disease are discussed in the present report.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural changes of neuromuscular receptor organs in the masseter muscles following unilateral transection of the rat infraorbital nerve.

Definite ultrastructural changes of the neuromuscular receptor organs were demonstrated in the young and adult rat masseter muscles either on the operated or unoperated side following the unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve. The grade of the degeneration was intensive but quite similar in having no relation to the age of the rat when the operation was performed, while it increased drastically with time after the operation. On this base, it may be suggested that the sensory input coming from the various kinds of sensory receptors in the snout field do rather affect bilaterally the minor reflexive movements of the jaw. In other words, it can be said that the minor reflexive movements of the jaw might have been controlled by the sensory inputs coming from the snout sensory receptor organs. The definitely degenerated changes of the neuromuscular receptor organs in the masseter muscles should be regarded as disuse atrophy following the interception of the snout sensory input.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Serum and urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with urological cancer].

We measured the serum and urinary TPA in 64 patients with urological cancer, 55 patients with benign urological disease and 37 healthy volunteers. The serum TPA levels in patients with pre-treated cancer were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers, but showed no significant difference compared to those in patients with a benign urological disease. The urinary TPA levels in patients with pre-treated cancer were significantly higher than those with a benign urological disease, but in some patients with urinary tract infection, very high urinary TPA concentrations were observed. Therefore, the determination of serum and urinary TPA may be useful in detecting urological cancer, but they were not specific tests. On the other hand, as lower serum and urinary TPA levels were observed after treatment of bladder and prostatic cancer, their determinations were considered to be useful in following up patients with these cancers.

Adolescent↗