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Biomedical subjects

T Kasai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kasai.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Studies on the ascorbic acid 2-sulfate biosynthesis in rat.

The possible biosynthesis of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AsS) in rat was investigated. A in vivo test was conducted according to Mumma and Mohamram. 10 mumoles ascorbic acid (AsA) and 25 mu Ci35SO4(2-) were injected intraperitoneally into rats once a day for four days. 24 hours after the final administration, the animals were sacrificed and the liver, kidneys and urine were collected. The result did not confirm the biosynthesis of AsS under the test conditions, though there appeared the possibility of the biosynthesis of a trace amount of AsS too small to permit detection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical studies of S-100 protein alpha and beta subunits in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Immunohistochemical studies were performed to explore the distribution of S-100 protein and its alpha, beta subunits in 76 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) of the salivary glands. Histopathologically. ACC was divided into cribriform, tubular, basaloid and trabecular types which could be mixed in the same tumor. S-100 protein was usually positive in tumor cells forming cribriform structures; foci of strongly positive tumor cells were also distributed in the luminal layer of tubular structures, and in areas transitional between cribriform and tubular patterns. S-100 alpha staining was confined to some tumor cells in cribriform areas, to luminal tumor cells in tubular structures and to few tumor cells in basaloid structures. S-100 beta reaction was usually localized to luminal surfaces in a fine granular pattern in tubular and microtubular structures in a distribution somewhat similar to that in the normal salivary gland. Great heterogeneity in the immunohistochemical distribution of S-100, S-100 alpha and S-100 beta proteins was found in the various histologic types of ACC and the pattern was different from that seen in pleomorphic adenomas. It is possible that the ACC tumor cells positive for S-100 protein may be closely related to true or modified myoepithelial cells.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1990

Changes in hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism following discontinuation of a dopamine or dobutamine infusion.

Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism were studied in 20 anesthetized dogs following discontinuation of a dopamine (DA) or dobutamine (DB) infusion. Both groups showed significant decreases in HR, AP, dP/dt, CI, MBFI, and MVO2. Discontinuation of DA decreased lactate extraction, whereas this did not occur with DB. The arteriocoronary venous differences in reduction-oxidation electrical potential (delta Eh) decreased significantly immediately following an abrupt discontinuation of the DA infusion, whereas DB maintained delta Eh at a constant level during and following infusion. Thus, aerobic metabolism was maintained following the discontinuation of DB, and anaerobic metabolism in the myocardium was accelerated immediately following discontinuation of the DA infusion. Although the mechanism that produces the differences observed between DA and DB following discontinuation is not understood, it may result from stimulation of alpha 1-receptors in the myocardium, produced by the residual high level of myocardial tissue norepinephrine (NE) following the termination of DA. A high tissue level of NE combined with a low plasma level of DA may cause an oxygen imbalance of the myocardium, demonstrated by an increase in myocardial oxygen demand and by a reduction in coronary blood flow. It is speculated that this mechanism of oxygen imbalance is a possible explanation for the anaerobic metabolism observed following DA discontinuation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An autopsy case of azygos lobe and the extra-pulmonary course of the bronchial veins in man.

The present case represents the second report of an aberrant azygos lobe, following Adachi's (1940) first case. The authors describe the characteristic features of an azygos lobe observed in the right lung of a 65-year-old man as well as the extra-pulmonary course of the bronchial arteries and veins. The literature on the azygos lobe reported in Japan and the extremely rare cases in which an azygos lobe has been found on the left side, are summarized. Upon dissecting the pulmonary parenchyma, it became clear that the azygos lobe was supplied by definitive segmental branches (B1a and B2a, A1a and A2a, and V1a and V2a) of the tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary vessels. The authors review and summarize the patterns of the segmental bronchi and vessels in the azygos lobe and also discuss the development of this anomaly.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Development of the subclavian artery in the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) studied by the injection method].

In the turtle, the left aorta and the pulmonary trunk originate from the right ventricle, while the right aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle as a functional systematic arch. The subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery on each side, and passes ventral to the vagus nerve and the jugular vein. These features are basically the same as in birds, and the subclavian artery of the adult turtle corresponds to a secondary artery from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy. Many investigators, including one of the present authors (Suzuki, 1987), have studied the development of the aortic arch and the subclavian artery in the chick embryo, but not in the turtle. The present authors examined it in Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) embryos, from 14 days of incubation to completion of the aortic arch (27 days incubation). All blood vessels were injected with Berlin blue solution using a fine glass needle inserted into the aortic trunk through the ventricle of the heart. The following results were obtained. 1. In the turtle embryo the primary subclavian artery develops first, but is replaced by the secondary subclavian artery as in the chick. 2. The primary subclavian artery arises from the 12th dorsal intersegmental artery and passes dorsal to the posterior cardinal vein. In the 16-day embryo, it gives rise to capillary nets both cranially and caudally at the base of the forelimb bud along the inner surface of the thoracic wall. 3. At 19 days of incubation, a small blood vessel arises from the aortic sac at the origin of the third aortic arch and passes laterally, ventral to the anterior cardinal vein. The vessel then extends caudally, and finally, at 21 days of incubation, connects to the cranial part of the capillary net of the primary subclavian artery at about the middle of the lateral thoracic wall. After the completion of the connection, the vessel from the aortic sac is called by the name "the secondary subclavian artery." 4. The secondary subclavian artery gradually increases in size, while the proximal part of the primary one begins to atrophy and finally disappears at 27 days of incubation. After this, the forelimb bud receives its blood supply only from the newly-formed secondary subclavian artery. 5. In conclusion, in the turtle, the secondary subclavian artery is formed by connection of the primary artery with the caudally extending artery arising from the aortic sac, while in the chick it is derived from an outgrowth of the primary artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical results of selective treatment for flail chest].

A better understanding in pathophysiology of flail chest has brought an evolution to the principles of it's management. The methods of stabilization changed from surgical to pneumatic measures and now, a concept of conservative treatment is recognized. Adhering to our protocol for flail chest, which essentially limits mechanical ventilation, we have prospectively treated 36 patients since 1981. The patient were divided into two groups according to their need for mechanical ventilation. There were 16 patients (44.4%) in a group treated in conservative manner and with no mechanical ventilation (Group A). There were 20 patients (55.6%) in a group treated by mechanical ventilation (Group B). Group A had 6.2% incidence of pneumonia, 3.6 days average stay in ICU and mortality rate of 0%. Group B had 75% pneumonia, 22.5 days average in ICU and 15% mortality. Group B patients required respiratory support for 14 days average, which was not reduced by surgical stabilization. Restrictive pulmonary disturbance in group A was milder than that of group B, and this again was not affected by surgical stabilization. We conclude that 40% of flail chest are controllable without mechanical ventilation and that the result of this conservative therapy is superior to any other treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Calcifying odontogenic cysts: co-expression of intermediate filament proteins, and immunohistochemical distribution of keratins, involucrin, and filaggrin.

The epithelia lining the cyst of five cases of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) were evaluated immunohistochemically with the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb's) against keratin (PKK1, KL1, K4.62, K8.12) and vimentin, and polyclonal antisera agonist involucrin and filaggrin. Epithelial lining of COC was classified into 1) thin squamous-cell epithelium, 2) ameloblastoma-like, and 3) thin or 4) thick calcifying odontogenic epithelium. Foci consisting of ghost cells or calcified cells were categorized as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT). Thin squamous-cell epithelium reacted with PKK1, KL1, K4.62, K8.12, and anti-vimentin MoAb's, thus demonstrating the co-expression of keratin and vimentin. Ameloblastoma-like cells showed positive staining with PKK1, KL1, and sometimes with anti-vimentin. Thick calcifying odontogenic epithelial lining showed stratification of cell layers, and the most strikingly reactive zone was the upper intermediate layer, which showed the presence of keratin, involucrin, and a small amount of filaggrin. Cells of this layer might be the most differentiated type of cells in COC. Undifferentiated odontogenic cells of COC masses were characterized by co-expression of keratin and vimentin, and by the absence of involucrin and filaggrin. All ghost cells were devoid of any immunostaining except for filaggrin, which was rarely positive, but eosinophilic or basophilic cells surrounding the ghost cells showed intense staining for all keratin proteins except vimentin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Selective pulmonary vasodilatory effect of ZSY-27 in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary embolism.

The pulmonary vasodilator effect of ZSY-27, a newly synthesized phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was studied in dogs with pulmonary hypertension resulting from autologous muscle-induced pulmonary embolism (PE). A bolus injection of ZSY-27 (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 32 +/- 4 to 24 +/- 5 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance index from 415 +/- 60 to 316 +/- 94 dyne.sec/cm5.m2. ZSY-27 did not change mean arterial pressure. The cardiac index was slightly increased and the systemic vascular resistance index was slightly decreased after ZSY-27 injection, but these changes were not statistically significant. This study suggests that ZSY-27 is a possible therapeutic agent for pulmonary hypertension secondary to PE.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cutaneous branches from the dorsal rami of the cervical nerves, with emphasis on their positional relations to the semispinalis cervicis.

The courses of the cutaneous branches arising from the dorsal rami of the cervical and the upper thoracic nerves were examined on 61 sides in 31 human adults, and their positional relations to the semispinalis cervicis muscle were particularly noted. Absence of the cutaneous branch from the dorsal rami of the lower cervical nerves was observed in 60 of the 61 cases; and in the one remaining case, all the cervical nerves except C1 gave off a cutaneous branch. A difference in course of the cutaneous branches was clearly observed between those from the upper cervical and the upper thoracic segments. That is, those of the former passed superficial to the semispinalis cervicis, whereas those of the latter were situated deep to it. The absence of cutaneous branches of the lower cervical segments could be classified into two types: continuous absence and alternate absence. In the former, which was observed in 53 cases (87%), cutaneous branches were absent in continuous segments. In the latter, which was observed in 7 cases (11%), they were absent in alternate segments. Dermatome problems are discussed on the basis of the present results. Keegan-Garrett's chart could be supported in the one exceptional case only.

Cervical Plexus↗
PubMed1989

[Morphological characteristics of the posterior brachial cutaneous nerve--a consideration of the development of cutaneous nerves in man].

The posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (Cbp) has certain characteristic features, being different from adjacent cutaneous nerves such as the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (Cbm) and the intercostobrachial nerve (Icb). These features are summarized as follows. 1) At the dorsal surface of the arm, the Cbp passes deeply beneath the fascia of the arm covering the dorsal surface of the long head of the triceps brachii, whereas the Cbm and the Icb pass superficial to it. In this area, the Cbp is accompanied in its course by a small artery. 2) The Cbp has no communication with the Cbm and the Icb on its way to the arm. 3) A precise and more detailed examination using a stereoscopic microscope reveals that the Cbp supplies the branches to the fascia of the dorsal surface of the arm, before passing through it. 4) The Cbp arises from the stem of the radial nerve forming a common trunk with the muscular branch to the long head of the triceps brachii. 5) In the brachial plexus, the Cbp is derived from segments C7 and C8, mainly the latter, and is composed of the most caudal elements of the radial nerve. According to the dermatome map, it would be unreasonable to consider that the Cbp (C8) is distributed in the skin, being intercalated between the Cbm (T1) and the Icb (T2). 6) Comparative anatomically, the Cbp cannot be observed in the monkey, dog, cat, rabbit or rat. Instead, in these animals, the muscular branch to the dorsoepitrochlearis arises from the radial nerve and takes the same course as that of the Cbp in man. According to Eisler (1901, 1912), when a muscle degenerates during the process of phylogeny or ontogeny, the supplying nerve sometimes remains in loco, as if representing the site where the muscle previously existed. As examples of these cases, Eisler described the following findings. 1) A fine branch arises from the loop of the cervical nerve and supplies the fascia, which extends between the clavicle and the omohyoid muscle. Eisler considered the fascia to be a remnant of the cleidohyoid muscle, which normally exists in lower mammals. 2) A branch sometimes arises from the lateral cutaneous branch of the upper intercostal nerve and passes along the ventral thoracic wall. Eisler considered this branch to be derived from the nerve supplying the external oblique abdominal muscle. 3) The interosseous nerve of the legs shows a remnant of the nerve supplying the pre-existing posterior interosseous muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical features of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries with or without herniated visceral organs].

The difficulty of diagnosis and selection of operative approach in traumatic diaphragmatic injuries (T. D.I.) have been debated for a long time. The reason why these problems remain unsolved is possibly due to the inaccuracy in the definition of T.D.I. We propose to classify the T.D.I. into two categories; diaphragmatic rupture without herniated visceral organs (D.R.) and diaphragmatic hernia with herniated visceral organs (D.H.). Clinical features in these two groups (D.R. in 9 cases and D.H. in 11 cases) were compared and discussed as follows: 1) Intrathoracic injuries were associated in all cases of both groups, but intraabdominal injury was found in 90.9% of D.H., whereas 33.3% of D.R. 2) Diagnostic findings in chest X-ray were not observed in D.R., but frequently observed in D.H. 3) All cases of D.R. were operated through a single approach (transabdominal or transthoracic), but additional approach was necessary in 78% of D.H. It is considered that T. D.I. should be classify into D.R. and D.H. because T.D.I. with or without herniated visceral organs exhibit definitely different clinical features.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the endometrium].

Cytodiagnosis of the precancerous lesions of the endometrium has remained unclear compared to that for cervical lesions. Endometrial cytology and biopsy have been performed for patients with atypical genital bleeding, who were over fifty, postmenopausal or nulliparous, We studied cytologic findings in cystic glandular, adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia, and compared to them in early cancer. Differential diagnosis was somewhat difficult between cystic glandular hyperplasia and benign lesions. Cytological diagnosis becomes gradually easier with progress of the lesions. A few cases with endometrial hyperplasia developed endometrial carcinoma for several years. Endometrial carcinoma has been detected even in the patients with suspicious endometrial cytology, so endometrial biopsy is still an important method. However, endometrial cytology is very easy, so we need to clarify the cytological cytological characteristics in precancerous lesions of the endometrium.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1989

[Reappraisal of hepatectomy in traumatic rupture of the liver].

From our experiences, the causes of high mortality rate in hepatectomy for hepatic rupture may be attributed to improper application of this procedure to trauma victims under suboptimal conditions, as most of the deaths were related to coagulopathy and uncontrollable bleeding. Accordingly, a protocol of indication for emergent hepatectomy was established in March, 1985, which included the following criteria: PH greater than 7.2, body temperature greater than 32.0 degrees C, systolic blood pressure greater than 60mmHg and no presence of coagulopathy. Of 14 cases which underwent hepatectomy before March, 1985, 9 cases died of exsanguination, coagulopathy and multiple organ failure with the mortality rate of 63.7% whereas only two of 10 cases which underwent hepatectomy after March, 1985, died, the mortality rate being markedly decreased to 20%. Considering the fact that there were no differences between these two groups of the patients regarding severity of liver trauma and clinical back ground, it indicates that the appropriate selection of the patients for hepatectomy based on the criteria has definitely decreased the mortality rate of hepatic rupture victims.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical usefulness of three-dimensional brain imaging with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP)].

Three-dimensional reconstruction from N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) tomography has been applied clinically to the detection of perfusion defects in 22 cases (15 cerebrovascular diseases and 7 normal controls confirmed by CT and MRI), with data being analyzed in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The results showed that three-dimensional (3-D) image could make better diagnostic capability especially in inexperienced examiner and that it was useful decreasing of difference of diagnostic capability. 3-D image could be taken within 1 minute and 15 seconds. We concluded that the three-dimensional brain imaging with IMP using this system was clinically useful because examiner could easily diagnose perfusion defects.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of ruptured thymic carcinoid].

A scarce case of a rupture of thymic carcinoid followed by hemothorax and mediastinal enlargement was reported. And the mechanism of rupture of thymic carcinoid was discussed comparing to 38 thymic carcinoid cases reported in Japan. A 61-year-old male who had been pointed out mediastinal tumor by chance in a chest X-ray developed a sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea during an aortography in a hospital transferred to our center because the rupture of the tumor was suspected. Emergency median sternotomy revealed a rupture of a solid tumor with a lot of clot which originally located in the anterior mediastinum but perforated into the right pleural space. This may be the first report of the ruptured thymic carcinoid, so far as we know in Japan. Reviewing the reported cases, the tumor of carcinoid is generally large in size and poorly differentiated in histological study. In more than half of the cases, it is reported that intraparenchymal necrosis or hemorrhage is found. Therefore, it is considered that a thymic carcinoid is a tumor which may result in the rupture, and it should be emphasized that the rupture of the thymic carcinoid which require an emergency treatment is one of the severe complications of the tumor.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1988

The timing and the amount of agonist facilitation and antagonist inhibition of varying ankle dorsiflexion force in man.

Experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not reciprocal descending commands occur simultaneously in the brain as well as the phasic changes in the agonist facilitation and the antagonist inhibition involved in the initiation of varying forces of ankle dorsiflexion. The H-reflex and reaction time method were combined. Results showed that: (1) the agonist and the antagonist motoneurones via Ia inhibitory interneurones simultaneously receive a subliminal facilitation and inhibition from the brain before the EMG onset; and (2) the onset of the agonist facilitation and the antagonist inhibition were not modified by different contraction forces; however, the extent of facilitation and inhibition just after the EMG onset were closely related to the amount of contraction forces. These findings suggest that the descending motor command activates parallel agonist alpha-motoneurones and Ia inhibitory interneurones. However, direct action of the descending command prior to the EMG onset may not be strong enough to drive the Ia interneurone for suppressing the antagonist motoneurones, and the agonist facilitation and the antagonist inhibition just after the EMG onset increase as the voluntary effort is strengthened.

Adult↗