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Biomedical subjects

T Kanno

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanno.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of the hypertensive intracerebral hematoma based on the study of long-term outcome--Part III. Evaluation of neurological grading and CT classification].

It is very important to have a standard neurological grading system and CT classification for "putaminal hemorrhage" to compare, contrast and discuss the results and the surgical indications of various workers. We evaluated 355 cases of putaminal hemorrhage for their long-term outcome by using neurological grading and CT classification of Kanaya et al and compared it with our new classification based on the mode of hematoma extension. The long-term outcome (ADL) showed a better correlation with our new classification. While by using the earlier method (Kanaya et al), there was no significant statistical difference in the ADL between the patients of neurological grade IVb & grade V and also between the patients of CT class II and IIIa. In this classification, the definition of CT class V is not clear as the putaminal hemorrhage does not penetrate into the thalamus. It also ignores the upward or downward extension of the hematoma. Therefore, we emphasize the need for the modification of the presently existing neurological grading system and the CT classification for a better correlation with the long-term outcome.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas based on the study of long-term outcome--part IV: Prognostic importance of the age of the patient and the laterality of the lesion in putaminal hematoma].

The age of the patient and the laterality of the lesion are said to play an important role in determining surgical indications and prognosis of any neurosurgical disease. These two factors have been evaluated in 355 cases of putaminal haematoma, which were seen during the last 10 years after the introduction of the CT scan. Patients have been divided in three age groups; less than 59 years, 60-69 years and greater than 70 years, consisting of 235, 80 and 40 cases in each group respectively. Long-term outcome of three groups has been compared in both surgically and conservatively treated patients. The hematoma was situated on left side in 182 and on right side in 173 cases. 56.6% of left sided and 48.7% of right sided hematoma cases were operated. The long-term outcome of the two sides has also been compared in both surgically and conservatively treated patients. One has to be careful while considering patients of greater than 70 years of age as there is always some natural selection among these patients before they are referred to the hospital or are operated upon thereafter. One tends to be less aggressive for so old patients. Only in moderate type and operated cases the younger patients (less than 59 years) showed a better long-term outcome (ADL) than other surgically treated patients. Otherwise age did not effect the long-term outcome (ADL) in any type of putaminal haematoma. No effect of laterality was found in mild and very severe types of hematoma for the long-term outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Immunochemical approach to the question of inactive subunits in cases of lactate dehydrogenase B subunit deficiency.

If there were enzymatically inactive B subunits in a solution containing lactate dehydrogenase (LD) B4 prepared from the hemolysates of heterozygous individuals with LD-B subunit deficiency, the inactive subunits would compete with normal subunits for antibodies to the B4 subunit. Using the activity of normal LD-B4 as an index, we could ascertain the proportion of free antigen (LD-B4) and antibody-antigen complexes (LD-B4-anti-LD-B4) and calculate the apparent equilibrium constant, Keq. Doing so, we found the value for Keq in LD-B subunit deficiency to be smaller than that for normal controls. Evidently the expected competitive reaction takes place. We conclude that heterozygous individuals with LD-B subunit deficiency do indeed produce variant (enzymatically inactive) B subunits of LD.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1985

Characteristics of the complex between alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin A in human serum.

An abnormal band of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by electrophoresis in the serum of a patient with liver cirrhosis, and was shown to be a complex between ALP and immunoglobulin A (IgA) of the lambda type. Physicochemical studies of ALP in the patient's serum showed properties of liver and bone isozymes. The patient's IgA and its F(ab')2 fragment were prepared by column chromatography, and used in in-vitro reconstitution studies with various ALP isozymes. It was found that only the liver and bone ALP attached to the IgA, while the placental and intestinal ALP did not. The ALP was attached to the F(ab')2 fragment of IgA. It is concluded that this complex is the result of an antibody-antigen reaction. Molecular weights of the two complexes, ALP-IgA and ALP-IgA-F(ab')2, suggest that two molecules of monovalent ALP associated with one molecule of divalent IgA.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Cytochrome reduction coincides with electrical activity in perfused bullfrog brain.

The redox states of cytochromes a(a3), b and c + c1 were continuously measured on the surface of the perfused bullfrog brain with the aid of a scanning spectrophotometer. To correlate with changes of the redox state, electrical activity was simultaneously recorded in the vicinity of the tip of the light guide of the spectrophotometer. In most cases, parallel reduction of the cytochromes was recorded in concordance with burst activity when the third or the fourth dorsal root of the spinal cord was electrically stimulated for 2 min. Recurrent cytochrome reduction and burst activity were produced by stimulation for a longer period, 5 or 10 min. Both the cytochrome reduction and burst activity were abolished when 1 microM tetrodotoxin was added to the perfusing solution. These results suggest that the cytochrome reduction coinciding with electrical activity in the brain may correlate with the Na+-influx followed by the activation of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase in the neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Direct measurement of phagosomal reactive oxygen by luminol-binding microspheres.

A new method, utilizing microsphere-bound luminol, which makes possible the direct measurement of highly reactive oxygen within phagosomes, was studied. When Freund's complete adjuvant-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages and luminol-binding microspheres were mixed, the microspheres were engulfed in macrophages and enclosed in phagosomes, where chemiluminescence (CL) was generated, showing the generation of highly reactive oxygen. The reactive oxygen could be quantitatively assayed by measuring the intensity of CL. The addition of cytochalasin B inhibited the CL. CL production by the thioglycollate-elicited macrophages was found to be only a ninth of that by Freund's complete adjuvant-elicited macrophages, though the phagocytic activities were almost equivalent in both cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Properties and activities of aminopeptidases in normal and mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes.

Human peripheral lymphocytes were found to contain at least two distinct aminopeptidases, designated cytosol aminopeptidase and microsomal aminopeptidase, which differed from one another with respect to intracellular localization, substrate specificity, metal-ion activation, Km value and electrophoretic mobility. No change in these aminopeptidase activities was observed in cultured lymphocytes in the absence of mitogen throughout the cultivation period. The addition of phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A to the culture medium caused, in dose-dependent manner, a significant increase in cytosol aminopeptidase activity in lymphocytes. On the other hand, no increase in microsomal aminopeptidase activity was observed under the same conditions. The biochemical properties of aminopeptidases in stimulated cultured lymphocytes were identical with those of the enzymes in peripheral lymphocytes and unstimulated cultured lymphocyte. The phytohaemagglutinin dose-response curves for lymphocyte activation as measured by the DNA synthesis rate and for cytosol aminopeptidase activity were observed to be similar. However, when DNA synthesis was temporarily blocked by hydroxyurea, the rate of increase of aminopeptidase activity was unaffected. Pokeweed mitogen only slightly increased the cytosol aminopeptidase activity in cultured lymphocytes, although the lymphocytes were highly activated.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1985

Effect of Ca2+ on the ciliary beat frequency of skinned dog tracheal epithelium.

Beat frequency of dog tracheal ciliated epithelium was measured using a profile projector and a photomultiplier. The preparation, treated with 50 micrograms/ml of saponin for 15 min, lost osmotic behavior and the ciliary beat came to depend on externally applied MgATP2- indicating that ciliated epithelium is skinned with saponin. Beat frequency of skinned cilia did not increase with Ca2+ in 0.1 mM MgATP2- with no ATP-regenerating system. Under 4 mM Mg ATP2- the beat frequency increased with an increase in Ca2+ from 0.3 to 10 microM, although a marked beat continued in the virtual absence of Ca2+ sensitivity and maximum beat frequency increased with the addition of 2.4 microM calmodulin. The effect of calmodulin inhibitor (W-7) on skinned preparations was somewhat weaker than that on intact ones. We concluded that Ca2+, within the physiological range of concentrations, directly activated the ciliary proteins and increased the ciliary beat frequency. The addition of calmodulin augments the effect of Ca2+ but the basal beat frequency is not Ca2+ dependent.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Calcium-dependent secretory and redox response to CCK-8 in isolated perfused rat pancreas.

Continuous stimulation with 8 pM cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) induced a gradual increase in pancreatic protein output and little if any change in redox state of cytochromes aa3, b, and c + c1. The protein output was completely abolished when CaCl2 was removed from the perfusing and bathing solution. Continuous stimulation with 200 pM CCK-8 induced the rapid and largest protein output and a distinct reduction of cytochromes and nicotinamide nucleotides. These responses were partially decreased in the Ca2+-deficient environment and enhanced immediately after the replacement with the standard solution. These and other results are compatible with the view that reduction of electron transfer system in the pancreatic acinar cell may be induced by stimulation with the secretagogue in pharmacological concentration and that the reduction may coincide with uptake and retention of cytoplasmic excess Ca2+ by mitochondria.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of pH change on redox state and CCK-induced secretion in isolated perfused rat pancreas.

The isolated perfused rat pancreas was used to examine the influence of the acid-base status of the perfusing solution on the redox states of cytochromes and secretory responses. Lowering the pH in a perfusing solution (pHe) from 7.3 to 6.8 induced simultaneous oxidation of cytochromes aa3, b, and c + c1, and further lowering to 6.0 induced larger oxidation of the cytochromes. Raising the pHe from 7.3 to 8.0 induced reduction of the cytochromes. Continuous stimulation with synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) at 100 pM induced the maximum secretory responses (pancreatic juice flow, protein output, and amylase output) during perfusion with the standard solution. The responses were not inhibited at pHe 6.8 but were inhibited significantly at pHe 6.0 or 8.0. The responses induced by stimulation with 20 pM CCK-8 were completely inhibited when pHe was lowered to 6.0 and CaCl2 was removed from the perfusing solution.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Vasoactive intestinal peptide binding to specific receptors on rat parotid acinar cells induces amylase secretion accompanied by intracellular accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate.

Specific binding sites for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were characterized in dispersed rat parotid acini. The binding of [125I]VIP was rapid, saturable, reversible, and temperature dependent. Scatchard analysis indicated two functionally independent classes of receptor sites: 41,000 high affinity-low capacity sites per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.4 nM and 420,000 low affinity-high capacity sites per cell with a Kd of 150 nM. A peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine and secretin, which are structurally related to VIP, inhibited the tracer binding 30 and 200 times less strongly, respectively, than VIP. Epinephrine and carbachol did not inhibit [125I]VIP binding to parotid acinar cells. VIP stimulated cAMP accumulation in parotid lobules and induced amylase secretion in a dose-dependent manner. A peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine and secretin were less potent than VIP regarding cAMP accumulation (1/12 and 1/80 of VIP, respectively) and amylase secretion (1/40 and 1/500 of VIP, respectively). Substance P did not stimulate cAMP accumulation but stimulated amylase secretion more strongly than VIP. These observations clearly demonstrated the presence of VIP receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase system in the rat parotid gland, which plays an important role in the regulation of the amylase secretion. The regulation of parotid function by VIP was independent of the adrenergic or muscarinic regulatory system and of the influence of substance P.

Amylases↗