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Biomedical subjects

T Kamo

Publications and source records attributed to T Kamo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Study of the pharmacokinetics of cefpirome sulphate in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the appropriate method of administration of the cephem antibiotic cefpirome sulphate in elderly patients. METHOD: We studied cefpirome's pharmacokinetics in patients with urinary tract infections. Patients received cefpirome sulphate 0.5 g by intravenous drip infusion over 30 mins. RESULTS: Patients with a creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) of 80 ml/min had an AUC of 96.7 microg.h/ml and a T1/2 of 2.36 h, whereas those with Ccr of 40-80 ml/min had an AUC of 172.0 microg.h/ml and a T1/2 of 3.45 h and those with Ccr of < 40 ml/min had an AUC of 152 microg.h/ ml and a T1/2 of 4.86 h. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that decreased kidney function can cause increases in the AUC and T1/2 of cefpirome. Thus in elderly patients and perhaps also in other patients with decreased kidney function, cefpirome should be administered at an initial dose of 0.5 g.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Collagen and elastin synthesis by desmoid tumor in vitro.

In order to characterize human desmoid tumors in vitro, the production of collagen and elastin and the expression of collagen types alpha1(I), alpha1(III) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 mRNA were investigated in six desmoid tumors; five derived from familial adenomatous polyposis patients and one from a sporadic case. The proportion of collagen production to total protein production was determined by 3H-imino acid incorporation, an indicator of collagen synthesis, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proportion of collagen production to total protein production was much higher in all six desmoid tumors compared with human skin fibroblasts (HSF). Quantitatively, the rate of elastin synthesis in desmoid tumor cells monitored by valine-proline peptide was also significantly higher than in HSF. Pro-alpha1(I) collagen mRNA was highly expressed in both desmoid tumors and HSF at approximately the same level, whereas pro-alpha1(III) collagen mRNA was more abundant in some of the desmoid tumors than the normal skin fibroblastic cell lines. Tumor growth factor-beta1 mRNA, which is believed to stimulate collagen synthesis, was expressed in both desmoid tumors and HSF to the same extent. These results demonstrate the increased formation of collagen and elastin in desmoid tumors in vitro and suggest that the increased synthesis of elastin rather than of collagen and TGF-beta1 may be involved in increased fibrogenesis by desmoid tumors.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1997

Origin of intraepithelial apoptotic cells in human colorectal adenomas.

The origin of intraepithelial apoptotic cells in human colorectal adenomas was examined using immunohistochemistry. Tissue sections of human colorectal adenomas obtained during surgery or endoscopy were stained by the streptavidinbiotin method using antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Approximately 15.7% of apoptotic bodies stained positive for CEA with immunoreactivity on the cytoplasm, whereas all cells stained negative for LCA. These findings suggest that intraepithelial apoptosis in human colorectal adenomas originates from adenoma cells rather than infiltrating lymphocytes as previously proposed, and that apoptotic cells maintained their cytoplasmic antigenicity in the early stages of apoptosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[A patient with unilateral atrophy of trigeminal nerve-innervated muscle associated with contralateral glossopharyngeal and vagal neuropathy].

A 23-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of the left cheek swelling. On neurological examination, marked muscle atrophy of the right masseter muscle was recognized on chewing. The jaw was not deviated when she opened her mouth. Corneal reflex and the sensation on the face were intact. Curtain phenomenon was observed on the right side. The hypesthesia in the left palatal mucosa was observed. Routine laboratory data including cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. EMG from the right masseter muscle was not elicited, but normal in the left masseter muscle. The CT scan showed atrophy and low density areas in the right masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, and hypertrophy in left masseter muscle. The MRI on T1 and T2 images confirmed the above muscle involvement. The etiology of trigeminal motor neuropathy, glossopharyngeal and vagal neuropathy were unknown. Masseter muscle hypertrophy was thought to be work hypertrophy compensated for the contralateral muscular atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Efficient and specific induction of esophageal tumors in rats by precursors of N-nitrososarcosine ethyl ester.

Cancers and precancerous lesions of the esophagus were efficiently induced in rats by the simulation of a clinico-epidemiological setting; that is, the administration of precursors of nitrosamine. Six week old non-inbred male Wistar rats were given 2g/kg bodyweight of sarcosine ethyl ester hydrochloride (SEEH) and concurrently 0.3g/kg bodyweight of sodium nitrite (NaNO2), precursors of N-nitrososarcosine ethyl ester (NSEE), in 2% sucrose as drinking water. Group 1 received the precursors twice a week for 6 weeks followed by 8 weeks observation, and group 2, once every 3 days for 7 weeks followed by 26 weeks observation. At the end of treatment, no tumor had developed in the esophagus of rats in group 1, but the [3H]-thymidine labeling indices in both basal and superficial layer cells were higher than in the control group. On subsequent observation, papillomas appeared in group 1 (33.3%), and carcinomas in group 2 (33.3%), within 4 weeks. The tumors induced in group 1 were mostly papillomas and rarely carcinomas. When the observation was prolonged in group 2, 100% of the animals had cancer in week 20. The pathological changes of the lesions paralleled the sequential development of human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Our system has the advantages in that papillomas and cancers can be induced in rats in a short time and the agents used are less toxic than preformed nitrosamines administered previously by gastric intubation. It would serve as a useful experimental tool to study premalignant lesions and cancers of the esophagus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A longitudinal follow-up study of seasonal affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term stability of a seasonal pattern of recurrent depression, identify possible factors associated with alteration of the seasonal pattern, and determine whether atypical vegetative symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict future seasonal relapses. METHOD: The subjects were 41 patients satisfying the criteria used in the Japanese multicenter study of seasonal affective disorder who were consistently treated at the same outpatient clinic. Their longitudinal courses were evaluated by using case records and the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia--Life-time Version; the mean follow-up period was 10.4 years. RESULTS: Nine subjects (22.0%) consistently showed a fall-winter pattern of recurrence throughout follow-up. Seventeen patients with an initial fall-winter pattern subsequently tended to shift seasons or show less seasonality. This alteration in pattern was possibly associated with antidepressant therapy or life events. Eleven patients with an initial diagnosis of nonseasonal affective disorder subsequently developed seasonal affective disorder; no specific factors were associated with this change. Atypical vegetative symptoms were significantly more common in patients with stable seasonal patterns of recurrence than in those who lost seasonality. CONCLUSIONS: Although seasonal affective disorder appeared to be altered by antidepressant treatment, the presence of a core group of patients with a consistent seasonal pattern of recurrent depression suggests the validity of seasonal affective disorder as a distinct subtype of recurrent affective illness. The findings also suggest that atypical vegetative symptoms during early seasonal depressive episodes predict the subsequent seasonality of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder at 53 outpatient university clinics in Japan.

A nationwide survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) was performed from autumn 1990 to spring 1991 with the cooperation of 53 outpatient university psychiatric clinics in Japan. Forty-six SAD patients were identified among 5265 depressed outpatients. SAD was generally reported to occur in 1-3% of the depressed outpatients newly attending each facility. Hours of sunshine were found to be a more relevant variable influencing the prevalence of SAD than latitude or the mean temperature in December. The unexpectedly low percentage (20-30%) of SAD patients with atypical vegetative symptoms suggests that SAD patients who have no prior knowledge of SAD and those who are recruited via the media have different vegetative symptom profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

'So-called' cortical deafness. Clinical, neurophysiological and radiological observations.

Two patients with severe, persistent hearing loss caused by bilateral cerebral lesions are described. To determine the location of lesions responsible for the severe hearing loss, we examined magnetic resonance images and compared the lesions in these 2 patients with those in another with only mild hearing loss following extensive bilateral temporoparietal lesions. The extent of bilateral damage to the white matter adjacent to the posterior half of the putamen proved crucial in determining the severity of the hearing loss. Hearing loss was more severe when the white matter immediately ventral and lateral to the posterior half of the putamen was involved bilaterally. Based on this observation and from a review of the literature, we infer that the auditory radiations in humans course in a dense tract from the medial geniculate body up to the sublenticular region, and disperse from there to the primary auditory cortex as well as to the other auditory-related areas, partly by coursing through the white matter immediately ventral to the posterior half of the putamen, and partly by penetrating the ventral and lateral portions of the posterior half of the putamen. Accordingly, bilateral lesions in the white matter ventral and lateral to the posterior half of the putamen appear to interrupt all the projection fibres from the medial geniculate bodies to the auditory-related areas, resulting in severe, persistent hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Subunit constitution of carbonic anhydrase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Carbonic anhydrase purified from the cell surface of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was inactivated by treatment with dithiothreitol. This treatment caused dissociation of the holoenzyme into 35-kDa (A) and 4-kDa (B) subunits as revealed by SDS/PAGE. The 35-kDa subunit was further separated into two components A1 (35 kDa) and A2 (36.5 kDa) by SDS/PAGE using a gradient gel. These two components have the same amino acid sequence up to at least the 10th amino acid from the N-terminus. The molecular masses were estimated at 76 kDa and 35 kDa for the holoenzyme and the large subunit, respectively, and the molar ratio of the former to the latter at 1:2, by using the techniques of low-angle laser light-scattering photometry and precision differential refractometry combined with gel-filtration HPLC. The molar ratio of the 35-kDa/4-kDa subunits was estimated at 1:1 the gel-filtration HPLC monitored with precision differential refractometry. Atomic-absorption spectrophotometry revealed that the holoenzyme contains two atoms of zinc. These results suggest that the holoenzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two large subunits (A1 and A2) and two small subunits (B).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Seasonality in major depressed inpatients.

The proportion of patients with a fall-winter pattern of feeling worst comparable to that of patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) was 11.4% in our sample of major depressed inpatients. Since admission to psychiatric inpatient services is influenced to an unknown extent by various factors it is not possible to generalize our data to other facilities. However, based on the results of our study it seems worth while to screen depressed patients for their degree of seasonality since treatment with bright artificial light has been shown to be beneficial in SAD patients and its subsyndromal form.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of immotile cilia syndrome and a review of Japanese cases].

A case of immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) is presented. A 34-year-old male, who had suffered from recurrent bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media since early childhood, was admitted to Keio University Hospital complaining of productive cough and infertility. A saccharin test showed prolonged nasal clearance time, and semen analysis revealed immotile sperm. By electron microscopic observation of cilia of the nasal mucous epithelium and the sperm, inner and outer dynein arm defect, abnormal microtubular arrangement and compound cilia were detected and he was diagnosed as ICS. Thirty eight Japanese cases of ICS collected from the literature were analyzed concerning clinical manifestations, airway clearance, family history and ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities (Table 2, 3). Recurrent bronchitis, male infertility, chronic sinusitis, otitis and decrease in airway clearance were very common in these patients. Female infertility was more common than anticipated. The prevalence rate of situs inversus was more than 50%, probably due to more attention having been paid to Kartagener's syndrome in Japan. Recent studies show that the cilia of this syndrome is not always immotile but characterized by hypomotility or asynchrony, and have attempted to determine the relationship between each ciliary ultrastructural abnormality and motility pattern. It is necessary that more patients including incomplete and mild cases should be investigated.

Adult↗